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Tables of Contents for Living on the Edge of the Gulf
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Figures, Tables, and Risk Maps
xi
Preface
xvii
Preface to Living with the West Florida Shore (1985)
xxi
The Nine Lives of the Shoreline
1
18
Climatic Life: The Dynamic Coastal Zone
5
1
Geologic Life: Geologic Origins, Time, and Change
6
4
Coastal Life: Regional Coastal Types
10
1
Physical Life: Processes, Sediments, Environments
11
1
Biologic Life: Plants and Animals
12
1
Prehistoric Life: Early Humans
13
1
Historic Life: The First Resorts, Development, Storms
13
2
Present Life: Population Explosion and Impact
15
1
Future Life: Prospects
16
3
Living with Beaches, Barrier Islands, and Wetland Coasts
19
22
Northwest Barrier Chain
19
2
Big Bend Marsh Coast
21
1
West-Central Barrier Chain
22
1
Ten Thousand Islands Mangrove Coast and Everglades
23
1
The Significance of Barrier Islands in Risk Evaluation
24
2
Barrier Island Evolution
26
3
Stationary or Grounded Barrier Islands
29
1
Rolling Sandbars: How Islands Migrate
30
4
The Role of the Shoreface in Barrier Island Evolution
34
1
Geologic Framework of the Eastern Gulf Coast: Know Your Shoreface
35
1
Beaches: The Shock Absorbers
36
4
How Does the Beach Respond to a Storm?
36
1
How Does the Beach Widen?
37
2
Where Does Beach Sand Come From?
39
1
Why Are Our Shorelines Retreating?
39
1
If Most of the Ocean-Side Shorelines Are Eroding, What Is the Long-Range Future of Beach Development?
40
1
Living with Storms
41
22
Hurricanes
44
12
Hurricane Probability
48
2
Ranking Hurricane Intensities
50
1
Hurricane History: A Stormy Past
50
2
Early Hurricanes
52
1
Recent Hurricanes
53
2
Hurricane Opal
55
1
Southwesters and Winter Storms
56
2
Coastal Storm Processes
58
5
Natural Processes: Energy in Motion
58
1
Wind
58
1
Storm Waves
58
1
Storm Surge
59
2
Currents
61
1
Storm Surge Ebb
61
1
Human Modification of the Coast
61
2
Living with Coastal Engineering
63
28
Shoreline Armoring
65
11
Seawalls
65
1
Seawalls Cause Beach Loss
66
2
Groins and Jetties
68
4
Offshore Breakwaters
72
1
Snake Oil Devices
73
3
Beach Nourishment
76
10
Retreat through Relocation
86
1
Are Variances Eroding Beach Protection Efforts?
87
1
Truths of the Shoreline
88
3
Living by the Rules of the Sea: Assessing Risk
91
22
Coastal Stability: Terra Infirma
92
3
Selecting Your Site: Sunny Playground or Watery Tempest?
95
2
Stability Indicators: Can You Read Nature's Record?
97
5
Terrain and Elevation
97
1
Vegetation
97
4
Seashells
101
1
Soil Profiles
102
1
Coastal Environments: How Does Your Site Fit the Bigger Picture?
102
5
Primary Dunes
103
1
Dune Fields
104
1
Overwash Fans
105
1
Grasslands
105
1
Inlets
106
1
Water Resources, Services, and Utilities
107
3
Finger Canals
107
3
Site Risk: Do You Know the Rules for Survival?
110
1
Escape Routes: Do You Have an Emergency Plan?
111
2
Select an Escape Route ahead of Time
112
1
Use the Escape Route Early
112
1
Living with Your Shore: Coastal Reach and Site Analyses
113
122
The Northwest Barrier Island Chain
115
1
Alabama
115
9
Mobile County
116
1
Dauphin Island
116
4
Little Dauphin Island, Sand Island, and Pelican Island
120
1
Baldwin County
121
1
Fort Morgan to Gulf Highlands
121
1
West Beach to Gulf Shores
121
2
Romar Beach to Perdido Key (Alabama-Florida Line)
123
1
Florida
124
46
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties
127
1
Santa Rosa Island
127
9
Okaloosa County
136
6
Walton County
142
6
Bay County
148
7
Gulf County
155
4
Franklin County
159
11
The Big Bend Marsh Coast
170
12
Wakulla and Jefferson Counties
171
3
Taylor County
174
1
Dixie County
174
1
Levy County
175
2
Citrus County
177
1
Hernando County
177
1
Pasco County
178
4
The West-Central Barrier Island Chain
182
52
Pinellas County
184
1
Anclote Key to Caladesi Island
185
1
Clearwater Beach Island to Madeira Beach on Sand Key
186
6
Treasure Island to St. Petersburg Beach on Long Key
192
3
Long Key to Mullet Key
195
2
Manatee County
197
1
Passage Key to Longboat Key
197
4
Sarasota County
201
1
Southern Longboat Key to Casey Key
201
3
Venice Inlet to South Sarasota County Line on Manasota Peninsula
204
3
Charlotte County
207
1
Southern Manasota Key to Gasparilla Island
207
5
Lee County
212
1
Gasparilla Island to Captiva Island
213
4
Sanibel Island
217
1
Bunch Beach to Bonita Beach
218
4
Collier County
222
1
Del-nor-Wiggins Pass to Gordon Pass
223
2
Keewaydin Island to Romano Island
225
2
Marco Island: An End Point in Coastal Development
227
5
Kice and Cape Romano Islands
232
2
Monroe County
234
1
Past Reflections: Future Expectations
234
1
Living with the Rest of Nature
235
10
Sinkhole Collapse and Subsidence
235
1
Other Types of Subsidence
236
1
River and Estuary Flooding
237
1
At Least There Are No Earthquakes?
238
1
Water Problems: Are You Ready for More Infrastructure?
239
3
Water Supply
239
2
Waste Disposal
241
1
El Nino: The Global Connection
242
1
The Final Hazard: Human Infrastructure
243
2
Living with Coastal Construction: Buying, Building, or Retrofitting Your House
245
34
Can We Learn from Past Experience?
245
1
Coastal Realty versus Coastal Reality
245
1
The Structure: Concept of Balanced Risk
246
1
Can We Rely on Building Codes?
247
1
Coastal Forces: Design Requirements
247
4
Hurricane Winds
247
2
Storm Surge
249
1
Hurricane Waves
249
1
Lessons from Previous Storms
250
1
The National Flood Insurance Program
251
1
Construction Type
252
1
House Selection
252
1
Strengthening the Exterior Envelope
253
3
Doors
253
1
Windows
254
2
Structural Integrity
256
6
Building Shape
256
1
Roofs
256
3
Connectivity, High-Wind Straps, and Tie-Downs
259
3
Keeping Dry: Pole or ``Stilt'' Houses
262
3
Piling Embedment
263
2
Connection of Pilings to the Floor and Roof
265
1
Breakaway Walls below Elevated Buildings
265
1
Concrete Slabs below Elevated Buildings
265
1
Utility Systems
265
1
Dry Flood-Proofing
266
1
An Existing House: What to Look for, Where to Improve
266
3
Location
266
1
How Well Built Is the House?
266
3
What Can Be Done to Improve an Existing House?
269
2
Mobile Homes: Limiting Their Mobility
271
4
High-Rise and Medium-Rise Buildings: The Urban Shore
275
1
Modular Unit Construction: Prefabricating the Urban Shore
275
1
What Should Be Done to Protect Property along the Gulf of Mexico Coast?
276
3
Living with Coastal Regulations
279
52
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
280
3
Upton-Jones Amendment (1987) and National Flood Insurance Reform Act (1994)
283
1
The Coastal Barriers Resource Act (COBRA)
284
1
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1889
285
1
Coastal Zone Management Act
286
4
Alabama Coastal Management Plan
286
1
The Florida Beach and Shore Preservation Act
287
1
Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL)
287
1
Critical Eroding Areas
288
2
Coastal Regulation: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
290
3
Appendixes
A. Hazard Safety Checklists
293
10
B. Guide to Local, State, and Federal Agencies Involved in Coastal Development
303
10
C. 101 Useful References and Other Resources
313
18
Index
331