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Tables of Contents for Family Law
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART I: FORMATION OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Entering Marriage
Introduction
1
1
Marriage as a Contract or Status?
2
8
Maynard v. Hill
3
1
Notes and Questions
4
6
Formalities of Marriage: The Statutory Requirements
10
4
Nelson v. Marshall
10
2
Notes and Questions
12
2
Informal Marriages
14
18
Common Law Marriages
14
1
Crosson v. Crosson
15
2
Notes and Questions
17
2
Putative Marriage
19
1
Rebouche v. Anderson
20
2
Notes and Questions
22
1
Marriage by Proxy
23
1
Torres v. Torres
23
2
Notes and Questions
25
1
``Marriage'' by Estoppel
26
1
In re Marriage of Recknor
26
4
Notes and Questions
30
2
The Last-in-Time Marriage Presumption
32
7
Hewitt v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.
32
5
Notes and Questions
37
2
State Regulation of Marriage Versus and Individual's Constitutional Right to Marry
39
5
Zablocki, Milwaukee County Clerk v. Redhail
39
4
Notes and Questions
43
1
Capacity and Intent to Marry
44
44
Introduction
44
2
Same-Sex Marriage
46
1
Baehr v. Lewin
46
7
Notes and Questions
53
4
Plural Marriage
57
1
Potter v. Murray City
58
3
Notes and Questions
61
2
Prohibited Degrees of Kinship
63
2
In re Estate of Stiles
65
2
Etheridge v. Shaddock
67
1
Notes and Questions
68
1
Age Restrictions
69
1
Moe v. Dinkins
70
3
Notes and Questions
73
1
Mental and Physical Incapacity
73
1
Geitner v. Geitner
74
2
Notes and Questions
76
1
Consent Requirements: Fraud
77
1
V.J.S. v. M.J.B.
78
1
Notes and Questions
79
1
Consent Requirements: Duress
80
1
Stakelum v. Terral
81
1
Notes and Questions
82
1
Limited-Purpose Marriages
83
1
Roe v. Immigration & Naturalization Service
83
3
Notes and Questions
86
2
Conflict of Laws: Which Marriage Law Governs?
88
8
Seizer v. Sessions
89
3
Notes and Questions
92
1
Randall v. Randall
93
2
Notes and Questions
95
1
Annulment of Marriage
96
6
Annulment Jurisdiction
96
1
Annulment Grounds and Defenses
97
1
Property and Support Rights on Annulment
98
1
MacPherson v. MacPherson
98
3
Notes and Questions
101
1
Summary: A Marriage and Annulment Problem
102
3
Legal and Economic Consequences of Marriage
Introduction
105
1
Roles and Responsibilities during Marriage
106
13
The Traditional View
106
1
Bradwell v. Illinois
107
1
Graham v. Graham
108
2
Notes and Questions
110
1
The Modern Theory-Marriage as a Partnership of Equals
111
1
Testing the Theory Against Reality: Contemporary Perspectives on Marriage
112
6
Notes and Questions
118
1
Marital Property Rights
119
5
The Married Women's Property Acts
119
2
Tenancy by the Entirety
121
1
Property Rights on the Death of a Spouse
121
2
The Community Property System
123
1
Support Obligations During Marriage
124
15
The Nonintervention Principle
124
1
McGuire v. McGuire
124
2
Notes and Questions
126
1
The Common Law Doctrine of Necessaries
127
1
Connor v. Southwest Florida Regional Medical Center
127
3
Notes and Questions
130
1
Spousal and Child Support Statutes
131
2
Notes and Questions
133
2
Enforcement of Support Obligations
135
1
Relative Responsibility Statutes
135
1
Notes and Questions
136
3
Economic Transactions Between Spouses
139
7
Borelli v. Brusseau
139
5
Notes and Questions
144
2
Third-Party Interference With Marriage
146
7
Intentional Torts
146
1
Hoye v. Hoye
146
3
Notes and Questions
149
1
Rights of Consortium
150
1
Notes and Questions
150
1
Evidentiary and Testimonial Privileges
151
2
Integrating Family and Work
153
36
Dual Career Couples
153
1
Parks v. City of Warner Robbins
153
4
Notes and Questions
157
4
Pregnancy, Childbearing and Employment
161
1
California Federal Savings & Loan Association v. Guerra
161
6
Notes and Questions
167
5
Working and Caring for Children
172
2
Kelly v. Crosfield Catalysts
174
3
Notes and Questions
177
4
Pricket v. Circuit Science, Inc.
181
2
Notes and Questions
183
5
Notes and Questions (Parental Leave)
188
1
Consensual Alternatives to Marriage
Introduction
189
2
Disputes Between Unmarried Cohabitants
191
25
The Role of Contract
191
1
Marvin v. Marvin, California Supreme Court (1976)
191
4
Notes and Comments
195
1
Marvin v. Marvin, California Superior Court (1979)
196
4
Notes and Comments
200
2
Thomas v. LaRosa
202
4
Notes and Questions
206
1
Property and Partnership Theories
206
1
Connell v. Francisco
207
3
Davis v. Davis (Miss. 1994)
210
3
Notes and Questions
213
3
Disputes Between Cohabitants and Third Parties
216
12
Davis v. Department of Employment Security
216
2
Notes and Comments
218
1
Braschi v. Stahl Associates Company
218
4
Notes and Questions
222
6
Domestic Partnership Legislation
228
7
Notes and Comments
229
6
Having Children: The Alternative Choices
Contraception
235
8
Griswold v. Connecticut
235
4
Notes and Questions
239
4
Abortion
243
27
Roe v. Wade
243
9
Notes and Questions
252
4
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
256
10
Notes and Questions
266
4
Sterilization
270
14
In re Grady
273
7
Notes and Questions
280
4
Surrogacy
284
25
In the Matter of Baby M
285
9
Notes and Questions
294
3
Johnson v. Calvert
297
4
Notes and Questions
301
6
Notes and Questions (Uniform Act)
307
2
New Reproductive Technology
309
22
Artificial Insemination
309
1
In re Baby Doe
309
1
Jhordan C. v. Mary K.
310
5
Notes and Questions
315
2
In Vitro Fertilization and the Status of the Embryo
317
1
Davis v. Davis (Tenn. 1992)
317
9
Notes and Questions
326
3
Cloning
329
1
Notes and Questions
330
1
Establishing Legal Parenthood
Introduction
331
3
Historical Background
331
1
Current Perspectives
332
2
Nonmarital Children and the Constitution
334
13
Inheritance Rights
334
1
Trimble v. Gordon
334
5
Parham v. Hughes
339
3
Notes and Questions
342
1
Limitation of Paternity Actions
343
1
Clark v. Jeter
343
3
Notes and Questions
346
1
Establishing Paternity
347
24
Scientific Testing
347
1
In re Paternity of M.J.B.
348
5
Notes and Questions
353
5
Res Judicata and Relitigation
358
1
Tandra S. v. Tyronne W.
358
7
Notes and Questions
365
1
Jessica G. v. Hector M.
365
4
Notes and Questions
369
1
Procedural Issues in Paternity Cases
369
2
Imposing Parental Support Obligations
371
7
Murphy v. Meyers
371
2
Notes and Questions
373
2
Pietros v. Pietros
375
3
Notes and Questions
378
1
Establishing Parental Rights
378
41
Presumptive Parents
379
1
Michael H. v. Gerald D.
379
6
Notes and Questions
385
4
Non-Presumptive Parents
389
1
Lehr v. Robertson
390
7
Notes and Questions
397
5
In re Adoption of Kelsey S.
402
8
In re Adoption of Michael H.
410
5
Notes and Questions
415
4
PART II: REGULATION OF ONGOING FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Domestic Violence and Intrafamily Torts
Introduction
419
4
Nature and Extent of the Problem
420
2
Why Doesn't She Leave?
422
1
Legal Responses to Domestic Violence
423
34
The Traditional View
423
1
State v. Rhodes
424
1
Notes and Questions
425
1
Contemporary Approaches to Domestic Violence
426
1
Criminal Prosecution: Mandatory Arrest and No-Drop Prosecution Policies
426
7
Notes and Questions
433
2
The Civil Protection Order Process
435
1
Baker v. Baker
436
6
Notes and Questions
442
1
Marital Rape
443
1
Warren v. State
444
2
Notes and Questions
446
1
Federal Involvement: The Violence Against Women Act
447
2
Seaton v. Seaton
449
7
Notes and Questions
456
1
Intrafamily Tort Liability
457
28
Tort Claims Between Spouses
457
1
Twyman v. Twyman
457
10
Notes and Questions
467
2
Pickering v. Pickering
469
3
Notes and Questions
472
1
Parent-Child Tort Actions
473
1
Broadbent v. Broadbent
473
8
Notes and Questions
481
4
Care and Supervision of Children
Introduction
485
1
The Constitutional Framework
486
21
Meyer v. Nebraska
486
1
Pierce v. Society of Sisters
487
1
Notes and Questions
488
3
Prince v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts
491
3
Wisconsin v. Yoder
494
10
Notes and Questions
504
3
Child Abuse and Neglect
507
55
Abuse or Discipline?
507
1
In the Interest of J.P.
508
9
Notes and Questions
517
5
Parental Failure to Protect
522
1
Rice v. State
523
9
Notes and Questions
532
2
Defining and Responding To Child Neglect
534
1
In the Interests of N.M.W.
534
3
Notes and Questions
537
3
Abuse or Neglect of A Fetus?
540
1
Whitner v. State
540
9
Notes and Questions
549
4
Government Responsibility to Protect Children
553
1
Deshaney v. Winnebago County Dep't of Social Services
553
8
Notes and Questions
561
1
Medical Decision-Making On Behalf of Children
562
26
Criminal Prosecution for Parental Failure to Seek Medical Care
563
1
Commonwealth v. Twitchell
563
5
Notes and Questions
568
1
Medical Neglect
569
1
Newmark v. Williams/DCPS
569
8
In re Sampson
577
4
Notes and Questions
581
1
Children As Decision-Makers
582
1
In re E.G.
582
5
Notes and Questions
587
1
When Parent and Child Disagree: What Role for the State?
588
16
Decisions About Reproduction
588
1
Bellotti v. Baird
588
5
Notes and Questions
593
4
Children Beyond Parental Control
597
1
R. J. D. v. Vaughan Clinic, P. C.
597
4
Notes and Questions
601
3
The Foster Care System
604
43
The Foster Family
605
1
Smith v. O.F.F.E.R.
605
6
Notes and Questions
611
1
In the Matter of B.
612
10
Notes and Questions
622
2
Kinship Care
624
1
Notes and Questions
625
2
Permanent Dispositions and Foster Care Reform: From Family Preservation to Termination of Parental Rights
627
3
Bush v. State
630
6
Recodo v. State
636
7
Notes and Questions
643
4
Adoption
Introduction
647
3
Consent to Adoption
650
18
Timing and Validity of Consent
650
1
Doe v. Clark
650
2
Notes and Questions
652
1
Yopp v. Batt
653
8
Notes and Questions
661
3
Consequences of Invalid Consent
664
1
Lemley v. Barr
664
3
Notes and Questions
667
1
Unwed Fathers, Due Process and Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights
668
27
In re Adoption of Baby E.A.W.
669
9
In re Baby Boy C., D.C. Court of Appeals (1990)
678
11
In re Baby Boy C., D.C. Superior Court (1992)
689
3
Notes and Questions
692
3
The Adoption Process
695
25
Agency Adoption
696
3
Notes and Questions
699
1
Independent Adoption and the Lawyer's Role
699
3
In re Petrie
702
7
Notes and Questions
709
4
Stepparent and Second-Parent Adoption
713
1
Adoptions of B.L.V.B. and E.L.V.B.
713
4
Notes and Questions
717
1
Procedural Requirements
718
1
Notes and Questions
719
1
Selecting an Adoptive Family: The Relevance of Race, Ethnicity and Religion
720
26
The Role of Race in Adoption
720
3
Dewees v. Stevenson
723
4
Notes and Questions
727
2
The Indian Child Welfare Act
729
1
In re Bridget R.
730
10
Notes and Questions
740
1
Religion
741
1
Orzechowski v. Perales
741
3
Notes and Questions
744
2
Legal Consequences of Adoption
746
22
Confidentiality and Access to Adoption Records
747
1
Doe v. Sundquist
747
3
Notes and Questions
750
2
``Open Adoption'' and Post-adoption Visitation
752
1
Groves v. Clark
752
4
Notes and Questions
756
2
Disclosure Requirements and ``Wrongful Adoption''
758
1
McKinney v. State
758
6
Notes and Questions
764
4
PART III: DISSOLUTION OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Divorce or Dissolution of Marriage
Introduction
768
4
Historical Background
768
1
Historical Fault Grounds for Divorce and the No-Fault Revolution
769
1
Current Divorce Statistics and Concerns
770
2
Divorce Jurisdiction
772
29
The Domiciliary Requirement
772
2
Sosna v. Iowa
774
5
Notes and Questions
779
3
Migratory Divorces
782
1
Sister State Migratory Divorces
783
2
Notes and Questions
785
1
Foreign Country Migratory Divorces
786
1
Mayer v. Mayer
787
6
Notes and Questions
793
2
Collateral Attack on a Void Divorce
795
2
The Divisible Divorce Doctrine
797
1
Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt
798
1
Notes and Questions
799
2
Divorce Grounds and Defenses
801
20
Fault Grounds for Divorce
801
1
Overview
801
1
Adultery, Cruelty, and Desertion
802
1
Williams v. Williams
802
2
Notes and Questions
804
5
No-Fault Divorce Grounds
809
1
Living Separate and Apart
809
1
Sinha v. Sinha
810
3
Notes and Questions
813
1
Irreconcilable Differences
813
1
Grosskopf v. Grosskopf
814
4
Notes and Questions
818
3
The Relevance---If Any---of Fault Factors in No-Fault Divorces
821
5
Arguments for Rejecting Fault Factors in No-Fault Divorces
821
1
Arguments for Retaining Fault Factors in No-Fault Divorces
822
1
Can Nonfinancial Factors Viably Coexist With Financial Factors in Determining Financial Issues in Divorce?
823
2
Problem
825
1
Ethical Issues for the Family Lawyer
826
21
Dual Representation in Divorce Proceedings: Is It Ethical?
827
2
Coulson v. Coulson
829
3
Notes and Questions
832
2
Problems With Confidential Information
834
1
Woods v. Superior Court of Tulare County
834
4
Notes and Questions
838
2
Sexual Relations With a Divorce Client
840
1
Committee on Professional Ethics and Conduct of the Iowa State Bar v. Hill
841
2
Notes and Questions
843
1
Candor Toward the Court and Withdrawal from the Case
843
1
Matza v. Matza
844
2
Notes and Questions
846
1
Representing Children
847
9
Clark v Alexander
847
5
Notes and Questions
852
4
Alternative Dispute Resolution
856
14
Divorce Mediation
856
1
Overview and Current Status
856
2
Concerns About Mediation
858
2
Notes and Questions
860
4
Binding Arbitration
864
1
Miller v. Miller
865
3
Notes and Questions
868
2
Economic Consequences of Divorce
Introduction
870
2
Distribution of Property on Divorce or Dissolution of Marriage
872
81
General Introduction
872
1
Community Property States
872
1
Equitable Distribution States
873
1
``Dual Property'' Equitable Distribution States
874
1
``All Property'' Equitable Distribution States
875
1
A Comparison of Dual Property and All Property Regimes
875
1
Equitable Distribution and Community Property Overview
876
1
Marital or Separate Property-Or Both?
877
1
Harper v. Harper
878
4
Notes and Questions
882
3
``Tracing'' and Transmutation of Property
885
1
Chenault v. Chenault
886
3
Notes and Questions
889
1
Passive versus Active Appreciation of Separate Property
890
1
Notes and Questions
891
2
Property Acquired by Gift or Inheritance
893
1
Notes and Questions
894
1
Pensions and Retirement Benefits
895
1
Complexity of Dividing Benefits
895
2
Qualified Domestic Relations Orders (QDROs)
897
1
Valuing and Dividing Retirement Benefits
898
1
In re Rolfe v. Rolfe
899
1
Notes and Questions
900
1
Deferred Compensation Benefits: Separate or Marital Property?
901
1
Personal Injury and Workers' Compensation Awards
902
3
Notes and Questions
905
1
Professional Degrees and Licenses
906
1
O'Brien v. O'Brien
907
4
Notes and Questions
911
4
The Family Residence
915
3
Classifying and Valuing Professional Goodwill
918
1
Dugan v. Dugan
919
7
Notes and Questions
926
1
Valuing Businesses and Professional Practices
927
3
Distribution of Property
930
1
General Introduction
930
1
Statutory Factors for Distributing Marital Property
931
2
An Equal Division Presumption versus and Equal Division ``Starting Point''
933
2
Recharacterization and Distribution of Property Based Upon Long-Term Marriages
935
3
The Role of Fault in the Distribution of Marital Property
938
1
``Economic Fault'': The Dissipation or Waste of Marital Assets
938
3
Marital Misconduct as a Factor in Dividing Marital Property
941
Arguments for Rejecting Marital Misconduct Fault Factors in Equitable Distribution Proceedings
940
1
Arguments for Retaining Marital Misconduct Fault Factors in Equitable Distribution Proceedings
941
2
Sparks v. Sparks
943
4
Notes and Questions
947
3
The Role of Judicial Discretion in Distributing Property on Divorce
950
2
Selected Research Biography on Equitable Distribution of Marital Property
952
1
Treatises
952
1
Looseleaf Services and Reporters
952
1
Selected Law Review Articles on Equitable Distribution
952
1
Spousal Support
953
50
Need and Gender: The Traditional Rationales
954
1
Orr v. Orr
954
2
Notes and Questions
956
1
Rehabilitation and Self-Sufficiency
956
1
In re Marriage of Otis
956
4
Van Klootwyk v. Van Klootwyk
960
6
Notes and Questions
966
3
Alimony as Compensation for Loss
969
1
In re Marriage of Williams
969
3
Notes and Questions
972
5
Alimony as Income Sharing
977
1
Delozier v Delozier
977
4
Notes and Questions
981
2
The Intersection of Alimony and Property Theory
983
1
In re Marriage of Francis
983
6
Notes and Questions
989
2
Modification of Support Awards
991
1
Gilman v. Gilman
991
7
Notes and Questions
998
5
Child Support
Introduction
1003
1
Federal Mandate
1004
6
P.O.P.S. v. Gardner
1004
3
Notes and Questions
1007
3
Guidelines
1010
12
Income Shares Model
1010
1
Voishan v. Palma
1010
3
Notes and Questions
1013
3
Percentage of Income
1016
1
Eklund v. Eklund
1016
3
Notes and Questions
1019
3
Income
1022
23
Gross or Net?
1022
2
Notes and Questions
1024
1
Actual Income or Capacity to Earn?
1025
1
Henderson v. Smith
1025
1
In re the Marriage of Paulin
1026
2
Harvey v. Robinson
1028
2
Goldberger v. Goldberger
1030
2
Notes and Questions
1032
1
Spousal Income
1032
1
In re the Marriage of Wood
1032
3
Notes and Questions
1035
1
Support for other children
1036
1
Hasty v. Hasty
1036
3
Notes and Questions
1039
1
Extraordinarily High Income
1040
1
Estevez v. Superior Court
1040
4
Notes and Questions
1044
1
Duration of Support
1045
12
Majority/Emancipation
1045
1
Stanton v. Stantion
1045
3
Baril v. Baril
1048
2
Notes and Questions
1050
3
Support for College
1053
1
Childers v. Childers
1053
1
In re Marriage of Plummer
1054
2
Notes and Questions
1056
1
Modification of Support
1057
6
In re the Marriage of McCord
1057
3
Notes and Questions
1060
3
Enforcement of Support Orders
1063
14
State Remedies
1063
1
Hicks v. Feiock
1063
5
Notes and Questions
1068
3
Federal Enforcement
1071
1
United States v. Hampshire
1071
3
Notes and Questions
1074
3
Jurisdiction for Support and Interstate Enforcement
1077
14
Personal Jurisdiction
1077
1
Kulko v. Superior Court
1077
5
Notes and Questions
1082
1
Interstate Enforcement
1083
1
Welsher v. Rager
1083
2
Notes and Questions
1085
6
Parenting After Divorce: Child Custody and Visitation
Introduction
1091
2
Factors In Disputed Cases
1093
62
The Best Interest Standard
1093
1
Maxfield v. Maxfield
1093
4
Notes and Questions
1097
2
The Gender of the Parents
1099
1
Pusey v. Pusey
1099
2
Notes and Questions
1101
2
The Primary Caretaker
1103
1
Pikula v. PIkula
1103
4
Notes and Questions
1107
1
Child's Preference
1108
1
Yates v. Yates
1108
3
Notes and Questions
1111
1
Religion
1112
1
Pater v. Pater
1112
3
Notes and Questions
1115
1
Race
1116
1
Palmore v. Sidoti
1116
3
Notes and Questions
1119
1
Parental Fitness
1120
1
Sexual Conduct
1120
1
Hanhart v. Hanhart
1120
3
Notes and Questions
1123
2
Sexual Preference
1125
1
Bottoms v. Bottoms
1125
5
Notes and Questions
1130
3
Physical and Mental Health
1133
1
In re Marriage of Carney
1133
5
Schumm v. Schumm
1138
3
Notes and Questions
1141
1
Working Parents
1142
1
Ireland v. Smith
1142
3
Notes and Questions
1145
3
Child Abuse and Domestic Violence
1148
1
Allen v. Farrow
1148
4
Notes and Questions
1152
3
Visitation
1155
8
Sterbling v. Sterbling
1155
2
Notes and Questions
1157
6
Joint Custody and Parenting Plans
1163
12
Squires v. Squires
1163
5
Notes and Questions
1168
7
Modification
1175
18
Changed Circumstances or Best Interest?
1175
1
Burchard v. Garay
1175
6
Notes and Questions
1181
3
Relocation
1184
1
Tropea v. Tropea
1184
5
Notes and Questions
1189
4
Child Custody Jurisdiction
1193
38
Introduction
1193
1
Traditional Jurisdiction
1193
2
State Legislation
1195
2
Notes and Questions
1197
2
Matter of Custody of Ross
1199
5
Notes and Questions
1204
1
Greenlaw v. Smith
1205
4
Notes and Questions
1209
3
Federal Legislation
1212
1
Notes and Questions
1213
1
Atkins v. Atkins
1214
3
Notes and Questions
1217
4
International Law
1221
1
Feder v. Evans-Feder
1221
7
Notes and Questions
1228
3
Marital Contracts: Premarital and Separation Agreements
Introduction
1231
3
Breach of Promise-to-Marry Contracts and Premarital Gifts
1234
8
Brown v. Thomas
1234
4
Notes and Questions
1238
4
Premarital Agreements
1242
21
Introduction
1242
1
Traditional Premarital Agreements: Estate Planning
1243
1
In re Estate of Benker
1243
3
Notes and Questions
1246
2
Divorce Planning in Premarital Agreements
1248
1
Osborne v. Osborne
1248
3
Notes and Questions
1251
1
Waiver of Spousal Support
1252
1
Rider v. Rider
1252
3
Notes and Questions
1255
1
The Uniform Premarital Agreement Act
1256
3
Notes and Questions
1259
4
Separation or Property Settlement Agreements
1263
20
Introduction
1263
1
Necessary Elements for a Valid Separation Agreement
1264
1
Golder v. Golder
1264
4
Notes and Questions
1268
2
Subsequent Attack on a Separation Agreement Based Upon Nondisclosure of Marital Assets: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Fraud
1270
1
Cerniglia v. Cerniglia
1271
2
Notes and Questions
1273
3
Drafting a Separation Agreement
1276
1
A Recommended Checklist Approach
1276
5
Separation Agreement Problem
1281
2
State Recognition of Religious Contracts
1283
6
Avitzur v. Avitzur
1284
2
Notes and Questions
1286
3
Tax Consequences and Bankruptcy
Introduction
1289
1
Tax Consequences of Marriage and Divorce
1289
16
Child and Spousal Support
1289
1
Roosevelt v. Commissioner
1289
2
Fosberg v. Commissioner
1291
1
Notes and Questions
1292
6
Tax Aspects of Property Division
1298
1
Arnes v. United States [Arnes I]
1298
3
Notes and Questions
1301
4
Bankruptcy and Divorce
1305
6
In re Osterberg
1305
4
In re Patterson
1309
2
Notes and Questions
1311