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Tables of Contents for Horse Behavior
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1
62
Ancestry of the Horse
3
15
Perception and Orientation
18
18
Vision
18
8
Hearing
26
1
Touch, Pressure, and Thermoreception
27
1
Smell and Taste
28
4
Proprioception and Equilibrium
32
1
Pain
33
1
Orientation and Homing
34
2
Motor Patterns
36
27
Reflexes
36
2
Locomotor Activity
38
9
Gaits
41
6
Other Motor Patterns
47
13
Reactive Distances
60
3
PART II: BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
63
52
Ontogeny of Behavior Patterns
65
18
Perinatal Development
65
6
Post-Natal Development
71
12
Play
83
8
Solitary Play
84
1
Play Between Foals and Their Mothers
85
2
Play Between Foals and Other Young
87
2
Play Between Young and Adult Horses
89
2
Investigative Behavior
91
5
Learning and Memory
96
19
Habituation
97
1
Classical Conditioning
97
1
Instrumental Conditioning
98
12
Latent Learning, Insight, and Social Learning
110
1
Imprinting
111
2
Memory
113
2
PART III: MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
115
46
Resting and Sleep
117
7
Ingestive Behavior
124
20
Feeding
125
5
Food Selection and Preferences
130
6
Drinking
136
3
Nursing
139
5
Eliminative Behavior
144
5
Urination
144
3
Defecation
147
2
Comfort Behavior
149
12
Self-Indulgent Behaviors
149
8
Sunning
149
1
Shelter-Seeking
149
1
Licking
150
1
Nibbling
150
2
Scratching
152
1
Rubbing
152
1
Rolling
153
1
Shaking and Skin Twitching
153
4
Tail Switching
157
1
Mutual Interactions
157
4
Mutual Grooming
157
2
Symbiotic Relationships with Birds and Humans
159
2
PART IV: REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR
161
48
Sexual Behavior of Stallions
163
19
Patterns of Stallion Behavior
165
4
Intensity of Sexual Behavior
169
4
Stimuli Affecting Stallion Sexual Behavior
173
2
Abnormal Sexual Behavior of Stallions
175
7
Sexual Behavior of Mares
182
17
Patterns of Mare Behavior
183
8
Intensity and Duration of Estrus
191
1
Control of the Estrous Cycle
192
4
Intrauterine Saline Infusion
193
1
Photoperiod Manipulation
193
1
Hormone Injection
194
1
Other Manipulations
195
1
Abnormal Sexual Behavior of Mares
196
3
Maternal Behavior
199
10
Pre-Parturient Behavior
199
2
Parturient Behavior
201
2
Post-Parturient Behavior
203
5
Abnormal Maternal Behavior
208
1
PART V: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
209
94
Social Organization
211
8
Herd Structure
211
4
Emigration and Immigration
215
2
Social Roles
217
2
Social Attachment
219
14
Mare-Foal Attachment
220
4
Foal-Mare Attachment
224
3
Peer Attachment
227
2
Heterosexual Attachment
229
2
Paternal Attachment
231
1
Interspecies Attachment
231
2
Home Range and Territoriality
233
10
Home Range
233
5
Territoriality
238
5
Social Dominance
243
10
Establishing and Maintaining Rank
245
2
Factors Influencing Rank
247
3
Influence of Rank Order on Daily Activity
250
3
Agonistic Behavior
253
17
Alert, Alarm, and Flight
253
4
Aggression
257
5
Interactions Between Stallions
262
2
Submission
264
3
Abnormal Agonistic Behaviors
267
3
Communicative Behavior
270
33
Visual Expressions
270
13
Leg and Body Gestures
271
2
Facial Expressions
273
8
Tail and Other Gestures
281
2
Acoustical Expressions
283
17
Squeal
283
1
Nicker
284
13
Whinny (Neigh)
297
1
Groan
298
1
Blow
299
1
Snort
299
1
Snore
299
1
Other Sounds
300
1
Tactile Interactions
300
1
Chemical Exchanges
301
2
PART VI: ECOLOGICAL INFLUENCES
303
24
Interaction of Horses and their Environment
305
10
Home Range Preferences and Habitat Utilization
305
2
Bioenergetic Considerations
307
1
Influence of Resource Distribution on Territoriality
308
1
Activity Patterns and Movements
308
2
Environmental Influences on Time-Budgets
308
1
Diurnal and Nocturnal Movements
309
1
Seasonal Movement Patterns
309
1
Antipredator Strategies and the Use of Sanctuaries
310
1
Symbiotic Relationships
311
2
Influence of Horses on Their Environment
313
2
Ecological Influences on Reproduction and Social Behavior
315
12
Factors Influencing Parturition
315
1
Influences on Development, Sexual Maturity, and Dispersal
316
2
Factors Influencing Social Structure and Stability
318
2
Influences on Reproductive Success
320
3
Behavioral and Ecological Factors in Population Dynamics
323
4
PART VII: APPLIED ETHOLOGY IN HORSE CARE AND MANAGEMENT
327
42
Behavioral Considerations in Horse Management
329
11
Enclosures and Housing
329
3
Social Needs and Human Interaction
332
1
Exercise and Feeding
333
2
Grooming and Hoof Care
335
1
Horse Handling Equipment
336
1
Transport
336
4
Behavioral Manipulation
340
22
Early Experience and Human Socialization
341
5
Training
346
6
Training Environment
346
1
Fundamentals of Training
347
5
Restraint
352
10
Behavioral Indicators Relevant to Health and Well-Being
362
7
Changes in Expression and Posture
362
2
Changes in Perception and Orientation
364
1
Changes in Motor Coordination
364
1
Changes in Maintenance Behavior
365
1
Changes in Social Behavior
366
1
Appearance of Problem Behaviors
366
3
APPENDIX: VARIETY OF EQUINE BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS AND POSSIBLE PROBLEMS INDICATED
369
16
Expressions and Postures
370
4
Perception Changes
374
1
Orientation Changes
375
1
Coordination Changes
375
4
Maintenance Behavior Changes
379
3
Social Abnormalities
382
1
Problem Behaviors (Vices)
383
2
Bibliography
385
30
Index
415