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Tables of Contents for Snakes of Virginia
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Introduction
1
22
Scales
2
4
Teeth
6
1
Senses
7
1
Reproduction
7
1
Food
8
1
Habitats
9
1
Locomotion
10
1
Hibernation
10
1
Defensive Behavior
11
1
Predation and Mortality
11
1
Ecological Importance
12
1
Endangered and Threatened Species
12
1
Care in Captivity
13
2
Organizations
15
1
Classification
15
1
Species Accounts
16
1
Location of Specimens
17
2
Questionable and Erroneous Records from Virginia
19
4
Physiographic Provinces of Virginia
Keys to the Snakes of Virginia
23
4
Comparison Tables to Aid in Identification
27
116
Species Accounts
Harmless Snakes---Family Colubridae
37
86
Water Snakes---Genus Nerodia
37
2
Brown Water Snake (Nerodia taxispilota)
39
2
Red-belly Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster)
41
3
Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon)
44
3
Crayfish Snakes---Genus Regina
47
1
Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata)
48
2
Glossy Crayfish Snake (Regina rigida)
50
3
Brown Snakes---Genus Storeria
53
1
Northern Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi)
53
3
Northern Red-Belly Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata)
56
2
Garter Snakes---Genus Thamnophis
58
1
Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
59
3
Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus)
62
2
Earth Snakes---Genus Virginia
64
1
Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae)
65
2
Rough Earth Snake (Virginia striatula)
67
3
Hognose Snakes---Genus Heterodon
70
1
Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)
70
3
Ringneck Snakes---Genus Diadophis
73
1
Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus)
73
4
Worm Snakes---Genus Carphophis
77
1
Worm Snake (Carphophis amoenus)
77
3
Mud and Rainbow Snakes---Genus Farancia
80
1
Mud Snake (Farancia abacura)
80
3
Rainbow Snake (Farancia erytrogramma)
83
3
Racers---Genus Coluber
86
1
Black Racer (Coluber constrictor)
86
4
Green Snakes---Genus Opheodrys
90
1
Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus)
90
3
Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis)
93
2
Rat Snakes---Genus Etaphe
95
1
Corn Snake (Elaphe guttata)
96
2
Black Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta)
98
4
Pine Snakes, Bullsnakes, and Gopher Snakes---Genus Pituophis
102
1
Northern Pine Snake (Pituophis melanoleucus)
103
2
Kingsnakes and Milk Snakes---Genus Lampropeltis
105
1
Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula)
106
3
Milk Snake and Scarlet Kingsnake (Lampropeltis triangulum)
109
4
Mole Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster)
113
2
Scarlet Snakes---Genus Cemophora
115
1
Northern Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea)
115
3
Black-headed Snakes---Genus Tantilla
118
1
Southeastern Crowned Snake (Tantilla coronata)
118
5
Pit Vipers---Family Viperidae, Subfamily Crotalinae
123
16
Copperheads and Cottonmouths---Genus Agkistrodon
126
1
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contartrix)
126
2
Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)
128
5
Rattlesnakes---Genus Crotalus
133
1
Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
134
5
Appendixes
A Checklist of Species and Subspecies of Snakes in Virginia
139
2
B General References on Snakes
141
2
Literature Cited and Bibliography
143
26
Index
169