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Tables of Contents for Fragile Evidence
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Part I: Introduction
1
30
What Counts as Evidence of Reading?
3
12
Evidence, Validity, and Assessment
15
16
Part II: The Validity of Standardized Tests From a Traditional Psychometric Perspective
31
42
Multiple-Choice Standardized Reading Tests in the Early 1990s
33
24
Individualized Assessment
57
16
Part III: The Validity of Standardized Tests From the Perspective of Their Use
73
30
A Selective Social History of the Uses of Reading Tests
75
14
Patrick Shannon
The Consequences of the Use of Standardized Tests
89
14
Peter Johnston
Part IV: Moving Toward Alternatives
103
32
``Evaluation is All Day, Noticing What Is Happening'': Multifaceted Evaluations of Readers
105
20
Jane Hansen
Toward Reform: Lessons From Miscue Analysis
125
10
Part V: Reform Initiatives
135
36
Reforms in Assessment: Perils and Possibilities
137
26
Toward a Revisioning of Reading Assessment: What Matters?
163
8
Appendix Attributes of Individualized and Group Tests Analyzed
171
8
References
179
18
Author Index
197
6
Subject Index
203