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Tables of Contents for Attachment Devices of Insect Cuticle
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
xi
Preface
xiii
Friction and adhesion: fundamentals
1
8
Dealing with friction
1
1
Basic laws of friction
2
1
Area of contact between solids
2
1
Friction and adhesion
3
1
Mechanisms of adhesion
3
1
Surface texture, liquid films and adhesion
4
1
Interdependence of the adhesion, surface tension and viscosity of the liquid film
5
1
Glue
6
1
Surface irregularities and friction
6
1
Directionality of friction
7
1
Friction and material properties of contacting surfaces
8
1
Insect cuticle: structure and properties of the material
9
12
Functions of the cuticle
9
1
Cuticle design
10
6
Basement membrane
10
1
Epicuticle
10
3
Procuticle
13
1
Cuticle as fibrous composite material
13
1
Spatial orientation of the cuticle fibres
13
1
Bouligand «helicoid» model
14
1
Weis-Fogh «screw-carpet» model
14
1
Filshie & Smith «xerpendicular» model
14
2
Neville & Luke «integrative two system» model
16
1
Mechanical properties of the cuticle
16
5
Epicuticle
16
1
Procuticle
16
1
Solid cuticle
17
1
Arhrodial membranes
17
2
Resilin
19
2
Cuticular protuberances of insects
21
16
Diversity of cuticular protuberances and principles of their classification
21
2
Spines and horns
23
1
Bristles, chaetae, setae, and hairs
23
1
Unicellular processes (acanthae)
24
3
Subcellular processes (microtrichia)
27
3
Functions of cuticular protuberances
30
7
Body coloration pattern
31
1
Oxygen retention (plastron)
32
1
Thermoregulation and prevention of drying
32
1
Aero-and hydrodynamic-active surfaces
33
1
Sound generation
33
1
Defence
33
1
Grooming, sampling, and filtrating
34
2
Food grinding
36
1
Other functions
36
1
Principles of cuticular attachment in Arthropoda
37
40
Hook
38
12
Hooking to the substratum
39
2
Animal associations: phoresy, parasitism, predation
41
3
Hooking within biological tissues
44
1
Attachment during copulation
45
1
Interlocking of body parts
46
4
Snap or lock-and-key principle
50
6
Attachment during copulation
50
2
Interlocking of body parts
52
4
Clamp
56
8
Animal associations
56
1
Phoresy and parasitism
56
2
Predation
58
3
Attachment during copulation
61
1
Holding onto the substratum and holding the substratum
62
2
Spacer
64
1
Sucker
65
6
Animal associations: phoresy, parasitism, predation
65
3
Attachment during copulation
68
1
Attachment to the substratum
69
2
Expansion anchor
71
1
Adhesive secretions
71
6
Associations: phoresy, parasitism, predation
73
1
Attachment to the substratum, attachment of the substratum
74
1
Interlocking of body parts
75
2
Frictional systems
77
12
Animal associations: parasitism, predation
78
1
Attachment during copulation
79
1
Attachment to the substratum
80
2
Interlocking of body parts
82
7
Proboscis of Lepidoptera
83
2
Coverage of the ovipositor valvulae
85
2
Body coverage
87
2
Dragonfly and damselfly head-arresting system
89
12
The large head needs additional stability
89
2
Skeleton-muscle organisation of the head-arresting system
91
5
Functional significance of the arrester
96
1
Head mobility and head stability: a comparison with other insects
97
4
Intersegmental frictional devices
101
22
Frictional surfaces within joins
101
3
Design of the insect unguitractor apparatus
104
7
General morphology of pretarsus
104
2
Ultrastructure of the unguitractor cuticle
106
1
Diversity of the unguitractor plates in insects
106
3
Functional interpretations of unguitractor structures
109
2
Coxa-synchronising mechanism in cercopid cicada
111
2
Self-folding armoured membranes in Diptera
113
5
Coxo-trochanteral locking mechanism in flies
118
5
Wing-locking devices
123
12
Coleoptera
124
5
Microstructures
124
3
Functions of the elytral lock
127
2
Dermaptera
129
2
Diptera
131
1
Hymenoptera
132
2
Heteroptera and other groups
134
1
Attachment pads
135
42
Hairy and smooth: two alternative designs of insect pads
136
3
External tarsal morphology
139
8
Surface characteristics
147
3
Ultrastructural architecture of pad material
150
1
Hairy systems
150
16
Fly-walking: a compromise between attachment and motion?
152
1
Attachment/detachment performance
152
1
Setae deformation
153
1
Gait pattern
153
2
Scale effects on the attachment pads and friction force in syrphid flies
155
2
Centrifugal force-tester
157
1
Body weight, pulvillus area, and frictional force
157
3
Surface characteristics of pulvilli in syrphid flies
160
3
Lateral tenacity
163
1
Adhesion-mediated friction
164
2
Scale effects on the friction force
166
1
Smooth systems
166
8
Friction forces of orthopteran attachment pads
166
1
Characteristics of the pad surface and pad material
167
1
Frictional properties of the pad
167
3
Adhesive properties of attachment pads
170
2
How does the bee release its arolium?
172
2
Attachment pads in other arthropods
174
3
Secretions in frictional systems
177
20
Systems of two complementary surfaces
178
7
Secretory epidermis and nature of secretions
178
4
Cuticle transporting systems
182
1
Pore and terminal canals
182
1
Orientation
183
1
Functions of canals
184
1
Functions of secretion
184
1
Secretions in attachment pads
185
12
Composition of the secretion
187
1
Design of the fly's tenent setae
187
4
Properties of the secretion
191
6
Protuberances and their fields
197
16
Scale effects on the macrosculpture
198
3
Scale effects on the microsculpture
201
3
Directionality of protuberances
204
3
Mechanical properties of materials in corresponding fields
207
2
Interdependence of microtrichia parameters
209
2
Sexual dimorphism
211
2
Sensory equipment
213
8
Central projections of sensilla
213
2
Topography of sensory organs
215
6
Odonate arrester sensilla
215
2
General rules regarding the distribution of arrester sensilla
217
2
Possible functions of different sensory fields
219
2
The evolution of frictional systems
221
14
Evolution of the odonate arrester
222
5
Zygoptera
222
3
Anisozygoptera and Anisoptera
225
2
Ovipositor coverage
227
2
Wing-locking devices
229
2
Evolution of pad structures in the background of hexapod phylogeny
231
4
Ecological implications
235
18
Plant surfaces
235
3
Wax layer
236
2
Trichomes
238
1
Plant surface and attachment pads
238
7
The role of wax crystals in preventing insect attachment
240
2
Trichomes and insect-plant interactions
242
3
Ant-plants
245
2
Traps of carnivorous plants
247
1
Effect of attachment abilities on multitrophic interactions
248
3
Ecological significance of biological surfaces
251
2
Nature's design as a basis for biomimetics
253
10
Precise mechanics
254
6
Frictional systems
254
3
Microfabrication technology
257
2
Anti-adhesive and anti-frictional systems
259
1
Composite materials
260
1
Glues
261
1
Pest control
262
1
References
263
26
Index
289