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Tables of Contents for Electronic Circuit Guidebook
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction to Sensor-Based Instrumentation
5
4
The Nature of Electronic Signals
9
22
Static and Quasistatic Signals
9
2
Repetitive Signals
11
1
Periodic Signals
11
1
Transient Signals
12
1
Fourier Series
13
6
Waveform Symmetry
19
4
Transient Signals
23
1
Sampled Signals
24
7
Measurement, Sensors and Instruments
31
94
Categories of Measurement
32
2
Quality Factors in Making Measurements
34
5
Measurement Errors
39
1
Categories of Error
39
1
Theoretical Error
39
1
Static Error
40
2
Dynamic Error
42
63
Toroidal Core Flux-Gate Sensor
105
1
A Practical Flux-Gate Sensor
106
3
Powering the Sensors
109
2
Calibration of the Sensors
111
4
Analog Interface to FGM-3
115
1
Digital ``Heterodyning''
115
2
Magnetometer Project & Kit
117
3
Gradiometers
120
4
Interfacing FGM-x Series Devices Via Microcontrollers
124
1
Sensor Interfaces
125
6
Sensor/Transducer Output Circuit Forms
125
2
Amplifier Input Circuits
127
2
Matching Sensors and Amplifiers
129
2
Building the Analog Subsystem
131
8
A Generic Analog Subsystem
131
8
Introduction to Analog Amplifiers
139
24
The Operational Amplifier
141
1
DC Differential Amplifiers
142
3
Categories of Operational Amplifiers
145
2
The ``Ideal'' Operational Amplifier
147
1
Properties of the Ideal Operational Amplifier
148
6
Standard Operational Amplifier Parameters
154
2
Minimum and Maximum Parameter Ratings
156
2
Practical Operational Amplifiers
158
1
Standard Circuit Configurations
159
4
Inverting and Noninverting Amplifiers
163
36
Inverting Follower Circuits
163
2
What's a ``Virtual'' Ground?
165
1
Developing the Transfer Equation for the Inverting Follower Circuit
166
3
Inverting Amplifier Transfer Equation by Feedback Analysis
169
3
Multiple Input Inverting Followers
172
1
Response to ac Signals
173
2
Response to ac Input Signals with dc Offset
175
2
Response to Square Waves and Pulses
177
2
Basic Rules
179
2
Altering ac Frequency Response
181
3
Noninverting Followers
184
2
Applications of Unity Gain Followers
186
3
Noninverting Followers with Gain
189
2
Advantages of Noninverting Followers
191
2
The ac Response of Noninverting Followers
193
1
Frequency Response Tailoring
194
5
Differential and Isolation Amplifiers
199
10
Input Signals Conventions
199
1
Common Mode Signals
200
1
Differential Signals
201
1
Sensor-Circuit Differential Amplifier Applications
202
1
DC Differential Amplifier
202
1
Common Mode Rejection
203
1
Instrumentation Amplifiers
204
1
Classic I.A. Circuit
205
1
Gain Control for the I.A.
206
1
Common Mode Rejection Ratio Adjustment
206
1
Isolation Amplifiers
207
2
Analog Signal Processing Circuits
209
18
Methods for Integration
209
3
Passive RC Integrator Circuits
212
1
Active Op-Amp Integrator Circuits
212
1
Practical Miller Integrator Circuits
213
2
How to Solve the Problem
215
2
Another Method of Integration
217
1
Differentiation
218
2
Logarithmic and Antilog Circuits
220
4
Antilog Amplifiers
224
1
Analog Multiplier/Divider Circuits
224
3
Removing 60 Hz Hum from Sensor Circuits
227
12
Notch Filters
229
1
Twin-Tee Filter Networks
230
3
Active Twin-Tee Notch Filters
233
5
Conclusion
238
1
Instrumentation Circuit Shielding, Grounding Input Control
239
18
Input Control
239
5
Guard Shielding
244
3
Grounding and Ground Loops
247
2
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to Sensor Circuits
249
1
EMI Transmission Paths
250
2
Some Cures
252
3
Conclusion
255
2
A/D & D/A Converters
257
28
Approaches to Data Conversion
257
3
Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACS)
260
4
Coding Schemes
264
1
A Practical IC DAC Example
265
4
A/D Converters
269
1
Integration A/D Methods
270
4
Voltage-to-Frequency Converters
274
2
Counter Type (Servo) A/D Converters
276
1
Successive Approximation A/D Converters
277
1
Parallel or ``Flash'' A/D Converters
278
2
The MAX-187 12-Bit Serial Output A/D Chip
280
5
Using Microcontrollers in the Instrument Front-End
285
10
Connecting to Serial Port
288
2
Pushbutton Interfacing
290
1
Potentiometer Connection
290
1
A/D Converter
291
1
Programming
291
1
Other Sources
292
3
Sensor Resolution Improvement Techniques
295
18
Sensor Resolution
296
6
Other Resolution Issues
302
4
Sensor Resolution Improvement Techniques (SRI)
306
3
Simulation Effort
309
1
Laboratory Model of the Two-Sensor Approach to SRI
310
1
Single-Sensor Method
311
1
Conclusion
312
1
DC Power Supplies
313
1
DC Power Supplies for Sensor-Based Circuits
313
DC Power Distribution
315
Power Distribution Schemes for Circuit Boards
318
Isolating Circuits on the PCB
322