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Tables of Contents for Geology of National Parks
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Geologic Time Scale
xiii
U.S. National Parks Location Map
xiv
At a Glance: Selected Park Highlights
xv
Color Plate Series
Part I---Scenery Developed by Weathering and Erosion on Flat-Lying Rocks
1
146
The Geologic View of Time
4
2
Grand Canyon National Park
6
22
Geologic Features
9
3
How Rocks Are Classified
12
7
The Colorado Plateaus Through Geologic History
19
7
The Terraced Walls of the Grand Canyon
26
2
How Does a River System Evolve?
Geologic Structures
Sedimentary Environments
Geologic History of the Grand Canyon
Zion National Park
28
15
Geologic Features
29
5
Geologic History
34
2
Plate Tectonics: An All-Encompassing Explanation
36
7
Bryce Canyon National Park
43
12
Geographic Setting
44
2
Geologic Features
46
5
Geologic History
51
4
Cedar Breaks National Monument
Weathering Processes
Capitol Reef National Park
55
12
Geographic Setting
56
1
Geologic Features
57
1
How Mass Wasting Operates in Arid Regions
58
3
Geologic History
61
6
Canyonlands National Park
67
13
Geologic Features
70
5
Geologic History
75
5
Island in the Sky
Upheaval Dome
The Maze, the Land of Standing Rocks, and the Fins
Needles, Arches, and Grabens
The Rivers
Arches National Park
80
12
Geologic Features
81
6
Geologic History
87
3
Colorado National Monument and Dinosaur National Monument
90
2
Arches and Natural Bridges
How the Arches Form
Balanced Rocks
The Controlling Influence of an Ancient Structure
Mesa Verde National Park
92
10
Geologic Features
96
1
How the Alcoves Formed
97
1
Geologic History
97
5
Petrified Forest National Park
102
11
Geographic Setting
103
2
Silica Can Assume Many Forms
105
1
Geologic Features
106
1
How Does Wood Turn to Stone?
107
6
Geologic History
109
4
Petroglyphs and Desert Varnish
Badland Topography and the Painted Desert
Badlands National Park
113
14
Geologic Features
114
9
How Are Geodes Formed?
123
Geologic History
122
5
Prehistoric Animals of the Badlands
Interpreting Paleosols in the Badlands
Erosional Features of the Badlands
Why the Water is ``White''
Concretions and Geodes
Theodore Roosevelt National Park
127
9
Rodney M. Feldmann
Geologic Features
128
4
Geologic History
132
4
Kobuk Valley National Park
136
11
Geographic Setting
137
2
Geologic Features
139
1
Landforms in River Valleys
140
2
Geologic History
142
5
The Sand Dunes
Bedrock
Part II---Caves and Reefs
147
94
Caves and Reefs Protected in the National Park System
148
1
Limestones and Dolomites
148
1
The Role of Ground Water
149
3
Mammoth Cave National Park
152
16
Arthur N. Palmer
Regional Setting
153
3
Geologic Features
156
1
How Caves Are Formed
157
8
Geologic History
165
3
Stratigraphy and Geologic Structure
Surface Features
Cave Passages
Solutional Features in the Cave
Cave Deposits
Wind Cave National Park
168
9
Rodney M. Feldmann
Geologic Features
171
2
Geologic History
173
4
Jewel Cave National Monument
Primary and Secondary Features
Carlsbad Caverns National Park
177
10
Arthur N. Palmer
Regional Setting
179
2
Geologic Features
181
3
Geologic History
184
3
Origin of the Cave
Bedrock and Geologic Structure
Cavern Features
Guadalupe Mountains National Park
187
10
Ann F. Budd
Katherine A. Giles
Geologic Features
189
4
Geologic History
193
4
The Capitan Reef
Virgin Islands National Park
197
11
Ann F. Budd
Geographic Setting
198
4
Development of Coral Reefs
202
Tectonic Activity in the Caribbean Region
201
2
Reef Terraces
203
1
Geologic History
203
3
Buck Island Reef National Monument and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve
206
2
The Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)
Everglades National Park
208
11
The Wetlands Environment---Past and Present
209
6
Geologic History
215
2
The Biscayne Aquifer
217
2
The Ecosystems of the Wetlands
Biscayne National Park
219
11
Geographic Setting
221
1
Geologic Features
221
1
The Geologic Role of Mangrove Swamps
222
4
Geologic History
226
2
Hurricanes
228
2
Richard A. Davis
The ``Carbonate Rock Factory''
The Living Reefs
Dry Tortugas National Park
230
11
Richard A. Davis
Geographic Setting
231
3
Geologic Features---and Biologic Ones, as Well
234
2
Geologic History
236
1
Geologic Materials Used in Fort Jefferson
237
4
Part III---Landscapes Shaped by Continental or Alpine Glaciation
241
190
The Theory of Glacial Ages
242
1
Types of Glaciers
243
1
How Glaciers Form and Move
243
1
The Work of Glaciers
244
1
Glacial Advances and Retreats
244
1
Carbon-14 Dating
244
2
Is Another Ice Age Coming?
246
1
Voyageurs National Park
247
11
Geographic Setting
249
1
Geologic Features
250
2
Dating Precambrian Rocks
252
2
Glacial Features
254
2
Geologic History
256
2
The Precambrian Rocks
Isle Royal National Park
258
11
Geographic Setting
259
3
Geologic Features
262
3
Geologic History
265
4
The Precambrian Rocks
Effects of Glaciation on Preglacial Topography
Acadia National Park
269
13
Geographic Setting
271
1
Geologic Features
271
1
More About Metamorphic Rocks
272
6
Geologic History
278
4
Terranes That Drifted
The Metamorphic Rocks of Acadia
The Mount Desert Intrusives
The Acadian Orogeny
Glacial and Wave-Action Features
Rocky Mountain National Park
282
18
Geographic Setting
283
1
More About Igneous Rocks
284
3
Geologic Features
287
4
Geologic History
291
9
The Crystalline Bedrock
The Development of the Rocky Mountains
Old Erosional Surfaces
Glacial Features
Mass Wasting Features
Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
300
14
Geographic Setting
302
1
Geologic Features
302
6
Geologic History
308
6
Examples of Glacial Erosion
Glacial Deposition
Glacier Recession
The Belt Supergroup
The Lewis Overthrust
Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve
314
10
Geographic Setting
316
3
Geologic Features
319
1
Geologic History
320
4
The Rocks
Geologic Structures
Yosemite National Park
324
18
Donald F. Palmer
Geologic Features
327
8
Geologic History
335
7
Bedrock Geology
Mesozoic Batholiths
Late Cenozoic Volcanic Activity
Joint System and Landform Development
Effects of Glacial Erosion
Waterfalls
North Cascades National Park
342
15
Geographic Setting
343
1
Geologic Features
343
5
How Do Glaciers Increase the Hazards of Cascade Volcanoes?
348
3
Geologic History
351
6
Development of the North Cascades
North Cascade Rocks and Structures
Glacial Features
Olympic National Park
357
21
Geographic Setting
360
2
Geologic Features
362
4
Paleomagnetism in Iron-Bearing Rocks
366
3
The Olympic National Park Coastal Strip
369
3
How Waves Do Geologic Work
372
2
Geologic History
374
4
A Plate Tectonics Explanation
Faults and Hot Springs
Turbidites, Tectonic Melanges, and Piercement Structures
The Shaping of the Olympic Landscape
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve
378
14
Geographic Setting
380
2
Geologic Features
382
5
Geologic History
387
5
Structurally Controlled Topography
Glacial Features
Studies of Glacial Advances and Retreats
Bedrock Exposures
Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve
392
15
Monte D. Wilson
Geographic Setting
394
3
Plate Tectonics and Accereted Terrances
397
2
Geologic Features
399
4
Geologic History
403
4
Bedrock Sequences
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Mountains and Canyons
Glaciers and Rivers
Periglacial and Permafrost Features
Kenai Fjords National Park
407
10
Donald S. Follows
Geographic Setting
409
2
Geologic History and Features
411
6
Denali National Park and Preserve
417
14
Geographic Setting
419
2
Geologic Features
421
5
Geologic History
426
5
The Great Faults
Tectonostratigraphic Terranes
Movement and Convergence of Tectonic Plates
Younger Rocks Formed in Place
Glacial Features
Permafrost and Periglacial Activity
Part IV. Volcanic Features and Volcanic Activity
431
120
Volcanic Features Protected in the National Park System
432
1
Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks
433
1
Characteristics of Lava
433
1
How Lavas and Volcanic Rocks Are Classified
433
1
Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Belts
434
2
Mount Rainier National Park
436
14
Geographic Setting
437
1
Geologic Features
437
3
The Cascade Volcanoes, Part of the Pacific ``Fire Zone''
440
7
Geologic History
447
3
Glacial Features
Mass Wasting Processes on Mount Rainier
Crater Lake National Park
450
14
Geologic Features
453
1
Volcanic Features
453
4
Glacial Features
457
2
Geologic History
459
5
Mazama's Volcanic Rocks
Associated Composite Cones
Shield Volcanoes and Cinder Cones
Dikes
Dacite Domes
Lassen Volcanic National Park
464
13
Geologic Features
466
2
The Lassen Eruptions
468
3
Geologic History
471
6
How Eruptive Activity Is Related to Type of Lava
Volcanic Features Related Mainly to Tehama
Inactive Shield Volcanoes
Cinder Cone
Glacial Features
Katmai National Park and Preserve
477
10
Geographic Setting
479
2
Geologic Features
481
3
Geologic History
484
3
The 1912 Eruption
The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes
Novarupta
Related Volcanoes and Eruptions
Glacial Features
Lake Clark National Park and Preserve
487
9
Geographic Setting
489
1
Geologic Features
490
1
Glacial Features
491
1
Rocks and Structures
492
1
Geologic History
493
3
Why Are the Volcanoes Here?
Landsliding and Rockfalls
Rocks and Structures
Hawaii Volcanones National Park
496
17
The Geography and Geology of the Hawaiian Archipelago
498
3
Geologic Features
501
4
Submarine Features and Shore Features
505
1
Forcasting Eruptions
506
1
Geologic History
507
6
Volcanic Rocks that Form from the Lavas
Types of Lava and Lava Features
Ash Explosions and Pyroclastics
Rift Zones on the Volcanoes
Fault Systems and Landslides
Haleakala National Park
513
7
Geologic Features
515
2
Geologic History
517
3
The National Park of American Samoa
520
7
The National Park Units
523
1
Cones and Calderas
523
1
Weathering and Erosion
524
1
The Tonga Trench
525
2
Yellowstone National Park
527
24
Yellowstone and the National Park Image
528
2
Geographic Setting
530
1
Geologic Features
530
11
Glacial features
541
1
The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River
542
1
Buried Forests
542
1
Geologic History
543
8
The Surrounding Ranges
The Yellowstone Plateau
The Yellowstone Caldera
Yellowstone's Next Eruption?
Hot Springs and Geysers
Seismic Activity and the Thermal Features
Part V. Landscapes and Structures in Areas of Complex Mountains
551
174
Characteristics of Major Mountain Belts
553
2
Grand Teton National Park
555
16
Geologic Features
558
8
Geologic History
566
5
Rocks and Structures
Faults and Fault Blocks
How Surface Processes Modified the Teton Landscape
The Gros Ventre Landslide
Great Basin National Park
571
14
Geographic Setting
573
2
Geologic Features
575
2
Glaciation
577
2
Lehman Caves
579
3
Crustal Extension
582
1
Lexington Arch
582
1
Geologic History
582
3
The Rocks
The Metamorphic Core Complex and Block-faulting
Saguaro National Park
585
7
Geology of Saguaro East
586
4
Geology of Saguaro West
590
2
Joshua Tree National Park
592
18
D.D. Trent
Location and Geography
593
2
Types of Rock Exposed in the Joshua Tree Region
595
5
Structural Geology
600
2
Sculpturing the Landscape
602
1
Landforms of the Desert
603
4
The Final Polish
607
3
Climate
Death Valley National Park
610
28
Lauren A. Wright
Martin Miller
Geographic Setting and Human History
611
1
Shaping of the Present Landscape: Extensional Tectonics and the ``Basin and Range Event''
611
19
Geologic History
630
8
Geomorphic Features Related to Active Faulting along the Black Mountains Front
The Black Mountains and the Basin Ranges from Dantes View
Lake Manly
Playa Lakes and the Death Valley Salt Pan
Sand Dunes
The Central Death Valley Plutonic-Volcanic Field
Springs
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks
638
14
Donald F. Palmer
Geologic and Geographic Features
641
7
Geologic History of the Two Parks
648
2
Prospects for the Future
650
2
Climatic Zones and Precipitation
Drainage Systems and Divides
The Sierra Nevada Uplift
Bedrock Geology
Roof Pendants
Caves and Mineralization
Channel Islands National Park
652
14
Donald F. Palmer
Geographic Setting
653
3
Environment and Organisms
656
1
Geologic and Other Natural Features of the Channel Islands
656
4
Geologic History
660
6
San Miguel Island
Prince Island
Santa Rosa Island
Santa Cruz Island
Anacapa Island
Santa Barbara Island
Redwood National Park
666
8
Lisa A. Rossbacher
The Tall Trees
669
1
Geologic History and Features
669
5
Hot Springs National Park
674
9
Geologic Features
677
4
Geologic History
681
2
How Did the Hot Springs Originate?
Rocks of Special Interest in the Park
Big Bend National Park
683
13
Geographic Setting
684
3
Geologic Features
687
5
Geologic History
692
4
The Landforms
The Rio Grande
Hot Springs
Vertebrate Fossils
Mining in the Big Bend Area
Shenandoah National Park
696
16
Geographic Setting
698
2
Geologic Features
700
1
An Outline of Appalachian Evolution---Georgia to New York
701
6
Geologic History
707
5
Bedrock and Geologic Structures
Cleavage and Joints
Folds and Faults
Water Gaps and Wind Gaps
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
712
13
Geographic Setting
714
2
Geologic Features
716
5
Geologic History
721
4
Bedrock and Geologic Structures
How the Coves Developed
Glossary
725
18
Index
743
16
Map of Alaska's National Parks
759