Contributing Authors

Preface

Foreword: Welcoming Addresses

Acknowledgments

Section One: Basic Sciences

Glia: A Curtain Raiser

Graham P. Wilkin

Christine Knott

Glial Cell Participation in the Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease

Etienne C. Hirsch

Stephane Hunot

Philippe Damier

Bernard Brugg

Baptiste A. Faucheux

Patrick P. Michel

Merle Ruberg

Marie Paule Muriel

Annick Mouatt-Prigent

Yves Agid

Neurotrophins in the Pathogenesis and Potential Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Henry F. Bradford

Jiawei Zhou

Bernado Pliego-Rivero

Gerald M. Stern

Eric Jauniaux

Pathophysiology of the Motor Cortex in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

John C. Rothwell

The Role of Cortico-Striatal Circuits in Learning Sequential Information

Richard G. Brown

Motor Skills in Motor Disorders: Measuring Performance Changes in Tracking and Other Perceptual-Motor Tasks

Kenneth A. Flowers

The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Parkinson's Disease: A Functional Neuroimaging Perspective

Adrian M. Owen

Julien Doyon

Neurophysiological Tests for the Assessment of Tremors

Gunther Deuschl

Functional Consequences of Dopaminergic Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease

Joakim M. Tedroff

Advances in Understanding the Neural Mechanisms Underlying L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia

Jonathan M. Brotchie

The Metabolic Landscape of Parkinson's Disease

David Eidelberg

Nonisotopic Surrogates for Technetium as Ligands for Monoamine Transporters

Gilles Tamagnan

Yigong Gao

Linxiao Xu

Nora S. Kula

Ross J. Baldessarini

John L. Neumeyer

Localization of Adenosine A2A Receptors in Brain: Therapeutic Implications

Sarah J. Augood

Adenosine Receptor Antagonists and Parkinson's Disease: Actions of the A2A Receptor in the Striatum

Peter J. Richardson

Amelie K. Gubitz

Tom C. Freeman

Alistair K. Dixon

Antiparkinsonian Activity of Adenosine A2A Antagonists in Experimental Models

Yoshihisa Kuwana

S. Shiozaki

T. Kanda

M. Kurokawa

K. Koga

M. Ochi

K. Ikeda

Hiroshi Kase

Michael John Jackson

Lance A. Smith

R. K. B. Pearce

Peter George Jenner

Metabolism of Adenosine Increase in the Striatum in Common Marmoset Parkinsonism Induced by MPTP

Masahiro Nomoto

Takao Shimizu

Shi-Ichi Iwata

Shun Kaseda

Takeo Fukuda

Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms in Levodopa-induced Motor Fluctuations in an Experimental Model of Parkinsonism

Concepcio Marin

Eduardo Tolosa

Neurotrophins and Cytokines in Parkinson's Disease

Makio Mogi

Toshiharu Nagatsu

Section Two: Etiologies

Is Parkinson's Disease an Inherited Condition?

Thomas Gasser

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease

Caroline M. Tanner

Yoav Ben-Shlomo

Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease

Roger C. Duvoisin

The Contursi Kindred, a Large Family with Autosomal Dominant Parkinson's Disease: Implications of Clinical and Molecular Studies

Lawrence I. Golbe

Giuseppe Di Iorio

Alice Lazzarini

Peter Vieregge

Oscar S. Gershanik

Vincenzo Bonavita

Roger C. Duvoisin

Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

Yoshikuni Mizuno

Satoe Shimoda-Matsubayashi

Hiroto Matsumine

Nami Morikawa

Nobutaka Hattori

Tomoyoshi Kondo

Clinical Genetic Study of Familial Parkinson's Disease in Italy

Paola Rossi

Alberto Albanese

Elena Moro

Maurizio Genuardi

Pietro Tonali

Dopamine Cell Death by a Single Genetic Mechanism: Phenotypic Analysis and Linkage Study of Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism

Hiroto Matsumine

Masaaki Saito

Atsushi Ishikawa

Masayuki Yokochi

Yasuhiro Yamamura

Shoji Tsuji

Yoshikuni Mizuno

Molecular Genetics of DOPA-Responsive Dystonia

Hiroshi Ichinose

Toshiharu Nagatsu

Toxins, Genetics, and Parkinson's Disease: The Role of N-Acetyltransferase 2

Oliver Bandmann

Jenny Vaughan

Peter A. Holmans

C. D. Marsden

Nicholas W. Wood

Mechanisms of Neuronal Death in Idiopathic Parkinsonism

Chong S. Lee

Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: A Genetic and Environmental Model

A. C. Williams

Marie-Louise Smith

Rosemary H. Waring

David B. Ramsden

Time Sequences of Dopaminergic Cell Death in Parkinson's Disease: Indications for Neuroprotective Studies

Manfred Gerlach

Peter F. Riederer

Etiology of Parkinson's Disease: Contributions from 18F-DOPA Positron Emission Tomography

Paola Piccini

David J. Brooks

Mitochondrial DNA in Parkinson's Disease

Anthony H. V. Schapira

Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

Manfred Gerlach

Doris Blum-Degen

J. Lan

Peter F. Riederer

Nitric Oxide and Basal Ganglia Degeneration

Sarah Rose

Gillian Mackenzie

Peter Jenner

N-methy(R)salsolinol, a Dopamine Neurotoxin, in Parkinson's Disease

Makoto Naoi

Wakako Maruyama

Oxidative Stress and Neuroprotection in parkinson's Disease: Implications from Studies on Dopamine-Induced Apoptosis

Daniel Offen

Ayala Hochman

Svetlana Gorodin

Ilan Ziv

Anat Shirvan

Ari Barzilai

Eldad Melamed

P450 and Heme Oxygenase Enzymes in the Basal Ganglia and Their Roles in Parkinson's Disease

Andrew G. Riedl

Paul M. Watts

Catherine T. Brown

Peter Jenner

Role of Iron in 6-Hydroxydopamine Neurotoxicity

K. L. Double

Peter F. Riederer

Manfred Gerlach

Apomorphine, a Dopamine Receptor Agonist with Remarkable Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties

Michael Gassen

Aviva Gross

Moussa B. H. Youdim

Movement Disorders with Tau Protein Cytoskeletal Pathology

Kurt A. Jellinger

Pathobiology of the Lewy Body

James E. Galvin

Virginia M-Y. Lee

M. Luise Schmidt

Pan-Hsien Tu

Takeshi Iwatsubo

John Q. Trojanowski

Section Three: Clinical Contributions

Preclinical Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Martin W. I. M. Horstink

Paul K. Morrish

Parkinsonian and Essential Tremors: Different Entities or Different Manifestations of the Same Disorder?

Carl Herman Lucking

Bernd Koster

B. Guschlbauer

M. Lauk

J. Timmer

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Irene Litvan

Andrew John Lees

Urinary and Anorectal Function Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease

Fabrizio Stocchi

Enrico Corazziari

Antonio Carbone

Laura Vacca

M. Francesca De Pandis

Alfredo Berardelli

Stefano A. Ruggieri

Separating the Primary Autonomic Failure Syndromes, Multiple System Atrophy, and Pure Autonomic Failure from Parkinson's Disease

Christopher J. Mathias

Ronald J. Polinsky

Apomorphine Test in the Assessment of Parkinsonian Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Andrew J. Hughes

Rare and Unusual Parkinsonian Syndromes

Zbigniew K. Wszolek

William C. Koller

Saccades and Antisaccades in Parkinsonian Syndromes

Marie Vidailhet

Sophie Rivaud

Neziha Gouider-Khouja

Bernard Pillon

Bertrand Gaymard

Yves Agid

Christopher Kennard

Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny

Visual and Visual Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Spatial and Chromatic Vision

Ivan G. Y. Bodis-Wollner

Walter Paulus

DOPA-Responsive Dystonic Parkinsonism---Pathophysiologic Considerations

Masaya Segawa

Nobuyoshi Nishiyama

Yoshiko Nomura

Psychosis and Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease

Richard B. Godwin-Austen

The Place of Dementia in Parkinson's Disease: A Methodologic Saga

Richard H. S. Mindham

Clinicopathological Heterogeneity and Non-Dopaminergic Influences on Behavior in Parkinson's Disease

Harvey J. Sagar

Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease: The Clinical Syndrome

Christopher G. Goetz

Dopamine, Serotonin, and Schizophrenia

N. M. J. van Veelen

R. S. Kahn

Evaluating Community-based Parkinson's Disease Nurse Specialists: Rationale, Methodology, and Representativeness of Patient Sample in a Large Randomized Controlled Trial

Brian Hurwitz

Madhavi Bajekal

Brian Jarman

Standardized Quantitative Measurements in Parkinson's Disease

Amos D. Korczyn

Nir Giladi

Theoretical Basis and Problems of Quantification of Movement Disorders

Peter H. Kraus

Peter Klotz

Objective Assessment in Parkinson's Disease: Optoelectronic Movement and Force Analysis in Clinical Routine and Research

Pall E. Ingvarsson

Bo Johnels

Goran Steg

Torsten Olsson

Adolf Hitler's Cognitive Disorder and How It Affected His Conduct of World War II

Abraham Lieberman

Notable Europeans with Parkinson's Disease

Justo J. Garcia de Yebenes

Art and Parkinson's Disease

Johannes P. W. F. Lakke

Section Four: Therapy

Medical Treatments

Do We Need More Drugs to Treat Parkinson's Disease?

William J. Weiner

Lisa M. Shulman

Wolfgang H. Oertel

Clinical Pharmacology of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonian Patients

Oliver Rascol

Christine Brefel-Courbon

S. Descombes

Jean-Louis Montastruc

COMT Inhibition with Entacapone in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

U. K. Rinne

Ariel Gordin

Heikki T. Teravainen

Pharmacology of Rasagiline (N-propargyl-1 R-aminoindan)

John P. M. Finberg

Itschak Lamensdorf

Marta Weinstock

Michal Schwartz

Moussa B. H. Youdim

Evidence Suggesting the Role of Norepinephrine Deficiency in Late Stages of Parkinson's Disease

Hirotaro Narabayashi

Combined and Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition in the Treatment of Depression in Parkinson's Disease

Ernst N. H. Jansen Steur

Leo A. P. Ballering

Moclobemide in Patients with Dementia and Depression

Roman Amrein

James R. Martin

Anne M. Cameron

Lazabemide for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Therapeutic Perspectives

Andrea M. Cesura

Edilio Borroni

Jurgen Gottowik

Caroline Kuhn

Pari Malherbe

James R. Martin

J. Grayson Richards

Use of Apomorphine in Clinical Practice

Douglas G. MacMahon

Future Delivery Systems for Apomorphine in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Teus van Laar

Ronald Van der Geest

M. Danhof

Effects of Long-term, Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusions on Motor Complications in Advanced Parkinson's Disease

Gregor K. Wenning

S. Bosch

Elisabeth Luginger

Michaela Wagner

Werner Poewe

New Delivery Systems for Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Peter A. LeWitt

Alberto Albanese

Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease

Robert Iansek

Pragmatic Physical Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: Any Scientific Basis?

Marion Hildick-Smith

Traditional and Complementary Therapies in Parkinson's Disease

Bala V. Manyam

Juan R. Sanchez-Ramos

Surgical Treatments

Posteroventral Medial Pallidotomy in Advanced Parkinson's Disease

Anthony E. Lang

Andres Lozano

Erwin B. Montgomery

Ronald R. Tasker

William D. Hutchison

Image-Guided Eletrophysiologically Controlled Posteroventral Pallidotomy for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A 28-Case Analysis

Tatsuo Hirai

Hiroshi Ryu

Yoshishige Nagaseki

Maheep Singh Gaur

Motoaki Fujii

Takaaki Takizawa

Current Controversies in Pallidal Surgery

Marwan I. Hariz

Surgical Treatment of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias

Joseph Jankovic

Eugene C. Lai

Joachim Krauss

Robert Grossman

New Aspects in the Pathophysiology of Dyskinesia

Philippe Damier

Reversal of Levodopa Failure Syndrome by Posteroventral-ansa Pallidotomy

Robert P. Iacono

Jonathan D. Carlson

Ayman S. Mohamed

Sandra M. Kuniyoshi

Long-term Electrostimulation of the Ventroposterolateral Pallidum in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Jean Siegfried

E. Taub

Georgios N. Wellis

Effect of Long-term Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Thalamic Nucleus on Gait in Parkinson's Disease

Luc J. P. Defebvre

Jean-Louis Blatt

Serge-Charles Blond

Jean-Louis Bourriez

Jean-Daniel Guieu

Alain Destee

Long-term Ventralis Intermedius Thalamic Stimulation for Parkinsonian Tremor

Alberto Albanese

Gian Piero Nordera

Tommaso Caraceni

Elena Moro

Neural Transplantation: Can We Improve the Symptomatic Relief?

Olle Lindvall

The Case for Neural Tissue Transplantation as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease

Hakan Widner

The Need for Phase III Studies in Experimental Surgical Treatments of Parkinson's Disease

Marc Peschanski

Gilles-Louis Defer

Sophie Dethy

Philippe M. E. Hantraye

Marc Levivier

Jean-Paul Nguyen

Pierre Cesaro

Subject Index