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Tables of Contents for Conducting Research Literature Reviews
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
ix
 
1. Reviewing the Literature: Why? For Whom? How?
1
48
Purpose of This Chapter
2
1
What Is a Literature Review? Why Do One?
3
12
Systematic, Explicit, and Reproducible: Three Key Words
15
1
Box 1.1: How to Produce a Systematic and Reproducible Literature Review
16
1
Access to the Literature: The Computer Is the Way to Go
17
1
Selecting a Search Strategy
18
8
Key Words
18
6
Subject Headings as Search Terms: When Is Enough Really Enough?
24
1
Key Words or Subject Headings: Chicken or Egg?
25
1
Box 1.2: How to Browse an Electronic Database--An Example Using MEDLINE and PsycINFO
26
4
Even More Search Terms: Authors, Titles, Title Words, Journals, and Then Some--Limiting the Search
28
2
Choosing a Database
30
3
Pausing During the Search
32
1
Changing the Course of the Search
32
1
Supplementing the Electronic or Computer Search
33
4
Reviewing References in Identified Literature
35
1
Is Everything Worthwhile Published?
35
1
Bring in the Experts
36
1
The Internet/World Wide Web
37
1
Summary of Key Points
37
2
Exercises
39
7
Suggested Readings
46
3
2. Screening for Feasibility and Quality: Part 1--Research Design and Sampling
49
56
Purpose of This Chapter
50
2
How to Select and Evaluate Literature With Two Screens
52
1
Screen 1: Practicality or Feasibility
53
4
Screen 2: Methodological Quality--Research Design and Sampling
57
17
Criterion for Quality: Research Design
57
17
Internal Invalidity: Checklist of Potential Threats to a Study's Accuracy
74
2
External Invalidity: Checklist of Risks to Avoid
76
14
Criterion for Quality: Sampling
79
11
Checklist for Evaluating the Quality of Study Design and Sampling
90
2
Summary of Key Points
92
7
Exercises
99
4
Suggested Readings
103
2
3. Screening for Feasibility and Quality: Part 2--Data Collection, Interventions, Analysis, Results, and Conclusions
105
56
Purpose of This Chapter
107
1
Data Collection: How to Determine Accuracy
107
8
Reliability
110
3
Validity
113
2
Interventions and Programs: Reviewing the Literature to Find Out What Works
115
1
Box 3.1: How to Evaluate a Study's Reliability and Validity
116
4
Checklist for Appraising the Quality of Program Descriptions
120
1
Information Analysis
120
17
Statistical Methods and What to Look For: An Overview
121
1
Independent and Dependent Variables
122
3
Measurement Scales and Their Data
125
2
Statistical and Practical Significance
127
5
Which Analytic Method Is Best?
132
5
Checklist for Evaluating a Study's Data Analysis
137
1
The Results
138
2
Checklist for Evaluating a Study's Results
140
1
The Conclusions
140
3
Checklist for Evaluating a Study's Conclusions
143
1
Qualitative Research: A Special Note
143
4
Checklist for Evaluating the Quality of Qualitative Research
147
3
Summary of Key Points
150
5
Exercises
155
4
Suggested Readings
159
2
4. Collecting Information From the Literature
161
38
Purpose of This Chapter
162
1
Types of Information Collection: Methods and Content
163
2
Eligibility and Actuality
165
8
Reliable and Valid Reviews
173
2
Measuring Reliability: The Kappa Statistic
173
2
Box 4.1: How to Find the Kappa (K) Statistic--An Example of Measuring Agreement Between Two Reviewers
175
1
Uniform Data Collection: The Literature Review Survey Questionnaire
176
7
Uniform Data Collection: Definitions
183
3
Training Reviewers
184
2
Pilot Testing the Review Process
186
1
Validity
187
1
Quality Monitoring
188
1
Checklist for Collecting Data From the Literature
189
2
Summary of Key Points
191
2
Exercises
193
6
5. What Did You Find? Summarizing Results Descriptively and Statistically
199
56
Purpose of This Chapter
201
1
Descriptive Reviews and Meta-Analysis
201
1
Descriptive Reviews
202
11
Descriptive Literature Reviews in Practice
205
4
Supporters and Critics
209
4
Meta-Analysis
213
16
Effect Size
214
1
What to Look for in a Meta-Analysis: The Seven Steps
215
13
A Statistical Interlude
228
1
Box 5.1: How to Calculate Risks and Odds
229
2
Box 5.2: How to Combine Studies in a Meta-Analysis
231
11
Supporters and Critics
235
1
Displaying Meta-Analysis Results
236
3
Meta-Analysis in Practice
239
3
Summary of Key Points
242
5
Exercises
247
5
Suggested Readings
252
3
Index
255
10
About the Author
265