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Tables of Contents for Rf Components and Circuits
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
xi
Preface
xiii
Part 1 Introduction
Introduction to radio frequencies
3
2
What are the `radio frequencies'?
3
1
Why are radio frequencies different?
3
1
What this book covers
3
2
Signals and noise
5
29
Types of signals
5
4
Fourier series
9
2
Waveform symmetry
11
6
Transient signals
17
1
Sampled signals
18
3
Noise
21
6
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)
27
2
Noise factor, noise figure and noise temperature
29
2
Noise in cascade amplifiers
31
1
Noise reduction strategies
31
1
Noise reduction by signal averaging
32
2
Radio receivers
34
35
Signals, noise and reception
34
1
The reception problem
35
2
Strategies
37
1
Radio receiver specifications
38
1
Origins
38
1
Superheterodyne receivers
39
5
Receiver performance factors
44
1
Units of measure
45
1
Noise
46
1
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or Sn)
46
1
Receiver noise floor
47
1
Static measures of receiver performance
47
1
Sensitivity
47
3
Selectivity
50
7
Stability
57
1
AGC range and threshold
58
1
Dynamic performance
58
1
Intermodulation products
59
1
1 dB compression point
60
1
Third-order intercept point
60
2
Dynamic range
62
1
Blocking
63
1
Cross-modulation
63
1
Reciprocal mixing
64
1
IF notch rejection
64
1
Internal spurii
65
4
Part 2 Circuits
RF amplifiers
69
22
Noise and preselectors/preamplifiers
70
1
Amplifier configurations
70
1
Transistor gain
70
2
Classification by common element
72
1
Transistor biasing
73
2
Frequency characteristics
75
1
JFET and MOSFET connections
75
1
JFET preselector
76
3
VHF receiver preselector
79
2
MOSFET preselector
81
1
Voltage-tuned receiver preselector
81
1
Broadband RF preamplifier for VLF, LF and AM BCB
81
3
Push-pull RF amplifiers
84
5
Broadband RF amplifier (50 ohm input and output)
89
2
Mixers
91
33
Linear-vs-non-linear mixers
91
3
Simple diode mixer
94
1
The question of `balance'
95
1
Spurious responses
95
3
Mixer distortion products
98
1
Third-order intercept point
99
2
Calculating intercept points
101
1
Mixer losses
101
1
Noise figure
102
1
Noise balance
102
1
Single-ended active mixer circuits
103
1
Balanced active mixers
104
9
Gilbert cell mixers
113
1
Passive double-balanced mixers
114
2
Diplexers
116
1
Bandpass diplexers
117
5
Double DBM
122
1
Image reject mixers
122
2
VHF/UHF microwave mixer circuits
124
1
Oscillators
124
37
Feedback oscillators
124
2
General types of RF oscillator circuits
126
2
Piezoelectric crystals
128
5
Temperature performance
133
1
Miller oscillators
134
2
Pierce oscillators
136
2
Butler oscillators
138
5
Colpitts oscillators
143
2
Overtone oscillators
145
2
Frequency stability
147
2
Temperature
149
1
Other stability criteria
150
7
Frequency synthesizers
157
4
IF amplifiers and filters
161
24
IF filters: general filter theory
161
2
L-C IF filters
163
2
Crystal filters
165
2
Crystal ladder filters
167
3
Monolithic ceramic crystal filters
170
1
Mechanical filters
170
1
Saw filters
171
1
Filter switching in IF amplifiers
172
1
Amplifier circuits
173
2
Cascode pair amplifier
175
1
`Universal' IF amplifier
175
3
Coupling to block filters
178
1
More IC IF amplifiers
179
1
FM IF amplifier
180
1
Successive detection logarithmic amplifiers
180
5
Demodulators
185
24
AM envelope detectors
185
5
AM noise
190
1
Synchronous AM demodulation
190
1
Double sideband (DSBSC) and single sideband (SSBSC) suppressed carrier demodulators
190
7
Phasing method
197
1
FM and PM demodulator circuits
197
1
Foster-Seeley discriminator
197
3
Ratio detector
200
4
Pulse counting detector
204
2
Phase-locked loop FM/PM detectors
206
1
Quadrature detector
206
3
Part 3 Components
Capacitors
209
23
Units of capacitance
209
2
Breakdown voltage
211
1
Circuit symbols for capacitors
211
1
Fixed capacitors
212
1
Paper dielectric capactors
212
1
Mylar dielectric capacitors
212
1
Ceramic dielectric capacitors
213
1
Mica dielectric capacitors
214
1
Other capacitors
214
1
Variable capacitors
215
2
Air variable main tuning capacitors
217
2
Capacitor tuning laws - SLC-vs-SLF
219
1
Special variable capacitors
220
2
Variable capacitor cleaning note
222
1
Using and stabilizing a varactor diode
223
1
Varactor tuning circuits
223
5
Temperature compensation
228
2
Varactor applications
230
2
Inductors
232
35
Inductor circuit symbols
232
1
Inductance and inductors
233
1
Inductance of a single straight wire
234
1
Combining two or more inductors
235
1
Air-core inductors
236
1
Solenoid wound air-core inductors
237
1
Adjustable coils
237
2
Winding your own coils
239
1
Amidon Associates coil system
239
1
Using ferrite and powdered iron cores
240
1
Materials used in cores
240
1
Powdered iron
241
1
Ferrite materials
242
1
Making the calculations
242
2
Toroid cores
244
3
Inductors and transformers
247
4
Winding toroid cores
251
3
Mounting toroids
254
3
High-power transformers
257
1
Binocular cores
257
4
Ferrite rods
261
2
Bobbing along with a bobbin
263
1
Ferrite beads
264
3
Tuning and matching
267
26
Vectors for RF circuits
267
3
L-C resonant tank circuits
270
3
Tuned RF/IF transformers
273
1
Construction of RF/IF transformers
274
2
Bandwidth of RF/IF transformers
276
3
Choosing component values for L-C resonant tank circuits
279
2
The tracking problem
281
1
The RF amplifier/antenna tuner problem
281
2
The local oscillator (LO) problem
283
1
Trimmer capacitor method
284
1
Impedance matching in RF circuits
285
1
Transformer matching
286
1
Resonant transformers
287
1
Resonant networks
288
1
Inverse-L network
289
1
π-network
289
1
Split-capacitor network
290
1
Transistor-to-transistor impedance matching
291
2
Splitters and hybrids
293
24
RF power combiners and splitters
293
1
Characteristics of splitter/combiner circuits
293
1
Resistive splitter/combiner
294
1
Transformer splitter/combiner
295
3
How it works
298
1
Modified VSWR bridge splitter/combiner
299
2
90 degree splitter/combiner
301
1
Transmission line splitter/combiners
301
2
90 degree transmission line splitter/combiner
303
1
Hybrid ring `rat race' network
304
1
RF hybrid couplers
305
1
Applications of hybrids
306
1
Combining signal soures
306
1
Bi-directional amplifiers
307
1
Transmitter/receiver isolation
307
2
Quadrature hybrids
309
3
RF directional couplers
312
4
Conclusion
316
1
Monolithic microwave integrated circuits
317
20
Internal circuitry
319
1
Basic amplifier circuit
320
1
Other MAR-x circuits
321
6
Multiple device circuits
327
6
Mast-mounted wideband preamplifier
333
1
Broadband HF amplifier
333
4
Part 4 Measurement and techniques
Measuring inductors and capacitors
337
14
VSWR method
337
1
Voltage divider method
337
2
Signal generator method
339
1
Frequency shifted oscillator method
340
2
Using RF bridges
342
2
Finding parasitic capacitances and inductances
344
6
Conclusion
350
1
RF power measurement
351
23
Power units
351
1
Types of RF power measurement
351
1
Methods for measuring RF power
352
1
Thermistor RF power meters
352
6
Diode detector RF power meters
358
2
Practical in-line bridge circuits
360
4
The Bird Thruline® sensor
364
2
Calorimeters
366
4
Micropower and low power measurements
370
2
Error and uncertainty sources
372
2
Filtering against EMI/RFI
374
7
Shielding
374
1
Filter circuits
374
2
R-C EMI/RFI protection
376
1
Feedthrough capacitors
377
3
General guidelines
380
1
Noise cancellation bridges
381
7
A simple bridge circuit
383
5
Bibliography
388
3
Index
391
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