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Tables of Contents for Introducing Social Psychology
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
A Brief Introduction
Colin Fraser
1
6
Introduction
1
1
A definition of social psychology
2
1
The organization of this book
2
5
The Social Individual
3
1
SociaL Interaction and Relationships
3
1
Understanding the Social World
4
1
Social Issues
4
1
The Nature of Social Psychology
5
2
PART I The Social Individual
7
88
Personality and the Self
David Good
9
25
Introduction
9
2
Traits, types and individual differences
11
9
The beginnings in everyday speech
11
1
Taxonomy, factor analysis and assessment
12
4
The uses of assessment
16
1
Consistency and the situationist critique
17
2
Prospect
19
1
Freud and the psychoanalytic tradition
20
7
A classical cast
23
3
A classic, but is it relevant?
26
1
The self
27
5
George Herbert Mead
29
2
Social identity and self-categorization
31
1
The merely social self?
31
1
Conclusions
32
1
Recommended reading
33
1
Cognition and Social Behaviour
David Good
34
22
Introduction
34
1
Perception
35
3
Ambiguity
36
2
Top-down and bottom-up
38
1
Memory and meaning
38
6
Effort after meaning
39
1
Autobiographical memory
40
2
Recovered memories?
42
1
Information or connections?
43
1
Judgement and reasoning
44
4
Availability heuristic
45
1
Representativeness heuristic
46
1
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic
47
1
Confirmation bias
47
1
Universality and specificity
48
1
Situated cognition
48
2
Do they think like us?
50
2
The evolved social mind
52
2
Autism: a cognitive and social deficit
53
1
Conclusions
54
1
Recommended reading
55
1
Emotion
David Good
56
20
Introduction
56
1
The intrapersonal side of emotion
57
6
The beginning: William James
57
3
William Cannon
60
1
Stanley Schachter
60
3
The interpersonal side of emotion
63
5
Darwinian beginnings
63
1
Paul Ekman
63
3
Facial feedback
66
1
Cross-cultural differences
67
1
Empathy
68
2
Why do we have emotions?
70
1
Emotional pathologies
71
3
Psychopathy
72
1
Schizophrenia
73
1
Depression
74
1
Conclusions
74
1
Recommended reading
75
1
Language and Communication
David Good
76
19
Introduction
76
1
Three basic properties
77
4
Variation
77
2
Indeterminacy
79
1
Reflection
80
1
The structure of human communication
81
5
The structure of language and conversation
82
3
The structure of non-vocal communication
85
1
Summary
86
1
Gender, language and interaction
86
7
Gendered speech
87
3
Sexist language?
90
3
Conclusions
93
1
Recommended reading
93
2
PART II Social Interaction and Relationships
95
98
The Development of Social Relationships
Dole Hay
97
19
Introduction
97
1
The emergence of interaction
98
2
Readiness for interaction
98
1
Mutuality in infancy
99
1
The beginnings of cooperation and conflict
100
1
Links between early social experiences and later social relations
100
8
Attachment theory
101
2
Measuring the security of attachment
103
2
Effects of early experience: a gradient of privation
105
3
Others than mother
108
6
Fathers
108
2
Siblings
110
2
Peers
112
2
Conclusions
114
1
Recommended reading
115
1
Interpersonal Relationships
Robert Hinde
116
24
Introduction
116
1
What is a relationship?
117
3
Interactions and relationships
117
1
The self-system
117
1
Levels of complexity
118
2
Describing relationships
120
2
Dimensions of interpersonal relationships
122
11
Content of interactions
122
1
Diversity of interactions
123
1
Qualities of interactions
124
1
Relative frequency and patterning of interactions
124
2
Reciprocity in interactions
126
2
Complementarity in interactions
128
1
Conflict
128
1
Power
129
1
Self-disclosure
130
1
Interpersonal perception
130
1
Satisfaction with the relationship
131
1
Commitment
132
1
The dynamics of relationships
133
4
Individual characteristics
133
1
Dissonance and balance
133
1
Attribution
134
1
Exchange and interdependence theories
134
1
Attachment
135
1
Positive and negative feedback
136
1
Social and other extra-dyadic issues
136
1
The diversity and complexity of relationships
137
1
Conclusions
138
1
Recommended reading
139
1
Interaction in Groups
Colin Fraser
140
22
Introduction
140
1
What is a group?
140
3
How small is `small'?
141
1
Defining characteristics
142
1
Describing social influence processes in groups
143
9
Norms
143
1
Norm formation
144
1
Maintaining norms through majority influence
145
2
Changing norms through minority influence
147
2
Group decision-making and group polarization
149
2
Groupthink
151
1
Explaining social influence in groups
152
8
Social comparison processes
153
1
The law of social impact
153
1
Normative and informational social influence processes
154
5
Self-categorization theory
159
1
Conclusions
160
1
Recommended reading
160
2
Altruism and Aggression
Abigail Buckle
162
31
Introduction
162
3
Problems of definition
163
2
Are people genuinely altruistic?
165
2
The majority view: helpers profit from helping
165
1
The dissenters' view: helping for the sake of helping
166
1
The social context of helping
167
3
Why do people not help?
167
2
The presence of other bystanders
169
1
Who helps?
170
4
Mood and helpfulness
171
1
Gender differences
172
1
The altrustic personality
173
1
Encouraging long-term helpfulness
174
4
Non-spontaneous helping: researching voluntary work
175
1
Helping people with AIDS
175
2
Future directions
177
1
Theories of aggression
178
5
Aggression as coercion
179
1
Power and dominance
179
2
Impression management
181
1
The cognitive neoassociationist view
181
2
Assessment of the theories
183
1
Individual differences
183
3
Institutional violence
186
1
Deindividuation and aggression
186
1
Aggression and dehumanization
187
1
Obedience and aggression
187
1
Genocide
187
3
Hard times
189
1
The continuum of destruction
189
1
Evaluation of Staub's analysis
189
1
Summary
190
1
Conclusions
191
1
Recommended reading
191
2
PART III Understanding the Social World
193
96
The Development of Moral Reasoning
Patrick Leman
195
21
Introduction
195
1
Learning morality from others
196
4
Social learning theories
196
1
Parents and moral development
197
2
Society and morality
199
1
Piaget's theory
200
6
The rules of the game
201
2
Heteronomy and autonomy
203
1
Social relations
204
2
Cognitive-developmental theory
206
6
Kohlberg's theory
206
3
The logic of moral development
209
2
Moral and conventional rules
211
1
Moral development in a cultural context
212
2
Culture and morality
212
1
Women's moral voice
213
1
Conclusions
214
1
Recommended reading
215
1
Perceiving and Understanding People
Brendan Burchell
216
19
Introduction
216
1
Simple impression formation
217
1
Attribution theories
218
9
Biases in attributions
221
1
The fundamental attribution error
221
1
The actor--observer error
222
2
Motivational biases
224
2
Other critiques of attribution models
226
1
Memory and recall for information about people
227
4
Categorizing people
229
1
Other knowledge structures used in person perception and categorization
230
1
The outcomes of person perception
231
2
Conclusions
233
1
Recommended reading
234
1
Attitudes and Actions
Colin Fraser
235
15
Introduction
235
1
Might attitudes be irrelevant?
236
2
Conceptions of attitudes
238
3
One component
239
1
Two components
239
1
Three components
240
1
Zero components
241
1
Attitudes, actions and behaviour
241
8
Are attitudes and behaviour unrelated?
241
2
The theory of reasoned action
243
3
The theory of planned behaviour
246
1
Attitude accessibility
246
2
Self-monitoring and personality differences
248
1
Conclusions
249
1
Recommended reading
249
1
Attitude Organization and Change
Colin Fraser
250
18
Introduction
250
2
The emergence of interest in attitude change
252
1
Attitude organization as cognitive consistency
253
6
A simple idea
253
1
Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
253
4
A reformulation of dissonance theory
257
2
Methods of attitude change other than persuasion
259
1
Theories of attitude change
260
5
McGuire's information processing model
260
1
Greenwald's cognitive-response model
261
1
Systematic and heuristic processing
261
1
The elaboration likelihood model
262
2
The heuristic-systematic model
264
1
Attitude change or behaviour change?
265
1
Conclusions
266
1
Recommended reading
267
1
Social Representations
Gerard Duveen
268
21
Introduction
268
3
Characteristics of social representations
271
2
The dynamics of social representations
273
2
Reified and consensual universes
275
3
The development of social representations of gender
278
5
Social representations as organizations of meanings
283
3
Conclusions
286
1
Recommended reading
287
2
PART IV Social Issues
289
92
Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
Colin Fraser
291
26
Introduction
291
3
The commonness of prejudice
291
1
Definition of terms
292
2
Four types of theories
294
1
Psychodynamic theories
295
4
Freud's theory
295
1
The authoritarian personality
296
3
Cognitive analyses
299
3
Acquisition theories
302
3
Socialization analyses
302
1
A social-cognitive developmental theory
303
2
Intergroup theories
305
6
Realistic group conflict theory
305
2
Tajfel's social identity theory
307
4
Some conclusions from the theories
311
1
What can be done?
312
4
Implications of the theories for change
312
2
Empirical evidence: the contact hypothesis
314
2
Conclusions
316
1
Recommended reading
316
1
The World of Paid Work
Colin Fraser and Brendan Burchell
317
25
Introduction
317
1
Why do we work?
318
1
What might employees get from their jobs?
319
5
What do employees get from their jobs?
324
5
Surveys of job satisfaction
324
4
Indirect questions in surveys of job satisfaction
328
1
Methods of increasing job satisfaction
329
2
Job satisfaction and performance
331
3
The psychological effects of unemployment
334
6
Unemployment and psychological health: the evidence
334
2
Why does unemployment affect psychological well-being?
336
1
Environmental vitamins and latent functions
336
1
Personal agency
337
1
Unemployment, poverty and social exclusion
338
1
The psychological health of dependents of unemployed people
339
1
Conclusions
340
1
Recommended reading
340
2
Health and Illness
Fraser Watts and Nicola Morant
342
23
Introduction
342
1
Social psychological perspectives on health and illness
343
1
The social distribution of illness
344
4
Women and depression
345
3
Social distribution of schizophrenia
348
1
Predisposing factors
348
3
Childhood experiences and adult depression
348
1
Dimensions of personality as predisposing factors
349
2
Life events
351
3
Depression
351
2
Schizophrenia
353
1
Social support
354
2
Marital and family interactions
356
4
Depression
356
2
Schizophrenia
358
2
Social integration and public attitudes
360
1
Lay notions of illness
361
2
Conclusions
363
1
Recommended reading
364
1
Social Psychology and Policy
David Halpern
365
16
Introduction
365
2
Objectives: what are we trying to achieve?
367
4
Understanding social processes: the example of social capital
371
3
Making judgements: if not rational, then what?
374
2
The problem of individual differences in ability
376
3
Conclusions
379
1
Recommended reading
380
1
PART V The Nature of Social Psychology
381
35
Research Methods
Brendan Burchell
383
20
Introduction
383
1
So, what exactly is an experiment?
384
7
Experimenter effects
388
1
Demand characteristics
388
2
The radical critiques of experimentation
390
1
Field experiments and quasi-experiments
391
1
Surveys and interviewing people
392
3
Survey designs
394
1
Observation
395
2
Other methods
397
1
Quantification
398
1
Ethics
399
1
The research process
399
2
Research and theory
401
1
Conclusions
401
1
Recommended reading
402
1
The Nature of Social Psychology
Colin Fraser
403
13
Introduction
403
1
A brief history of social psychology
403
6
An excursion into experimental psychology
404
1
Social psychology's immediate precursors
405
1
Influences from sociology and psychology
406
1
Critiques of scope and method
407
2
Alternative conceptions of social psychology
409
5
Broader and narrower views of social psychology
411
3
Conclusions
414
1
Recommended reading
415
1
Glossary
416
23
Picture Credits
439
1
References
440
58
Name Index
498
14
Subject Index
512
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