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Tables of Contents for Imperial China 900-1800
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
Acknowledgments
xix
PART ONE CONQUEST DYNASTIES AND THE NORTHERN SONG 900-1127
1. The Five Dynasties
3
28
I. Later Imperial China's Place in History
3
5
II. The Course of Five Dynasties History
8
9
III. The Eastward Shift of the Political Center
17
4
IV. Simultaneous Developments in the Ten States
21
2
V. China and Inner Asia in Geographic and Historical Perspective
23
8
2. Abaoji
31
18
I. The Khitans and Their Neighbors
32
1
II. Ethnic Diversity and Language Community
33
3
III. The Lessons of History
36
1
IV. The New Leader Emerges
37
5
V. The Significance of Khitan Acculturation
42
2
VI. Abaoji Receives Yao Kun, Envoy of the Later Tang Dynasty
44
5
3. Building the Liao Empire
49
23
I. Succession Issues after Abaoji
49
5
II. The Meaning of the Early Liao Succession Crises
54
2
III. The Khitans' Inner Asian Tribal Empire
56
4
IV. Liao-Korean Relations
60
2
V. Expansion into North China
62
6
VI. Liao-Song Relations
68
4
4. Liao Civilization
72
20
I. Multicultural Adaptations
72
3
II. Khitan Society
75
1
III. Patterns of Acculturation
76
5
IV. Buddhism in Khitan Life
81
5
V. Interpretations of Liao Success
86
6
5. Creating the Song Dynasty
92
27
I. The Vigor of the Later Zhou and the Founding of the Song
92
6
II. On Being the Emperor in Tenth-Century China
98
3
III. Governing China
101
11
IV. The Military Problem
112
7
6. The World of Ideas in Northern Song China
119
31
I. The Man of the Age: Ouyang Xiu
119
3
II. The Course of a Song Dynasty Official Career
122
4
III. The Civil Service Examination System
126
5
IV. The Social Impact of the Song Examination System
131
4
V. Political Reform and Political Thought
135
9
VI. Neo-Confucian Philosophical Thought
144
6
7. Dimensions of Northern Song Life
150
18
I. High Culture
150
3
II. The Example of Su Shi
153
3
III. The New Elite and Song High Culture
156
1
IV. Religion in Song Life
157
7
V. Song Society
164
4
8. Origins of the Xi Xia State
168
25
I. The Tangut People: Names and Ethnic Identities
168
2
II. Early History of the Tangut Tribal People
170
1
III. The Tanguts Come into the Song Orbit
171
8
IV. Yuanhao Proclaims the Xia Dynasty
179
3
V. The Xi Xia as an Imperial Dynasty
182
11
PART TWO CONQUEST DYNASTIES AND THE SOUTHERN SONG 1127-1279
9. The "Wild Jurchens" Erupt into History
193
29
I. Aguda's Challenge
194
5
II. The End of the Liao Dynasty
199
7
III. The Northern Song Falls to the Jurchens
206
5
IV. Who Were These Jurchens?
211
5
V. Explaining the Jurchens' Success
216
6
10. The Jurchen State and Its Cultural Policy
222
27
I. The Conquerors Turn to Governing
222
3
II. The Period of Dual Institutions, 1115-1135
225
4
III. The Era of Centralization, 1135-1161
229
7
IV. The Period of Nativist Reaction, 1161-1208
236
7
V. The End of the Jin Dynasty, 1208-1234
243
6
11. The Later Xi Xia State
249
16
I. Xi Xia in the Era of the Jin Dynasty, 1115-1227
249
3
II. The Crisis of the "Partition of the State"
252
2
III. The Destruction of the Xi Xia State
254
3
IV. The Tangut Achievement
257
4
V. Xia Buddhism
261
4
12. Trends of Change under Jin Alien Rule
265
24
I. Divisions: North and South, Chinese and Non-Chinese
265
6
II. Jurchen Dominance
271
1
III. The Impact of the Civil Service Examinations
272
5
IV. High Culture during the Jin Dynasty
277
6
V. Economic Life under the Jin
283
6
13. The Southern Song and Chinese Survival
289
34
I. A Fleeing Prince-A New Emperor
289
9
II. War versus Peace
298
9
III. Patterns of High Politics after the Treaty of 1141
307
16
14. Chinese Civilization and the Song Achievement
323
28
I. New Social Factors
323
2
II. Elite Lives and Song High Culture
325
8
III. Confucian Thinkers
333
13
IV. Other Kinds of Elite Lives
346
1
V. Some Generalizations about the Song Elite
347
4
15. Southern Song Life-A Broader View
351
24
I. Calculating Song China's Population
351
3
II. Governing at the Local Level
354
5
III. Paying for Government
359
5
IV. Status in the Chinese Population
364
3
V. Urban and Rural
367
1
VI. Families, Women, and Children
368
2
VII. A Poet's Observations
370
5
16. A Mid-Thirteenth-Century Overview
375
28
I. The Heritage of the Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin Periods
375
3
II. The System of Ritualized Interstate Relations
378
11
III. The Growing Scope of International Trade
389
5
IV. Cultural Interaction
394
9
PART THREE CHINA AND THE MONGOL WORLD
17. The Career of the Great Khan Chinggis
403
22
I. Backgrounds of Mongol History
403
4
II. The Ethnic Geography of Inner Asia in the Late Twelfth Century
407
3
III. Mongol Nomadic Economy and Social Life
410
3
IV. The Mongols Emerge into History
413
1
V. The Youth of Temüjin
414
5
VI. Chinggis Khan as Nation Builder
419
6
18. Forging the Mongol World Empire, 1206-1260
425
19
I. The Nearer Horizons of Empire, 1206-1217
425
3
II. The First Campaign to the West, 1218-1225
428
5
III. Chinggis Khan, the Man
433
1
IV. The Second Campaign to the West, 1236-1241
434
2
V. Mongol Adaptations to China under Chinggis and Ögödei
436
3
VI. Möngke Khan and the Third Campaign to the West
439
3
VII. Relations among the Four Khanates
442
2
19. Khubilai Khan Becomes Emperor of China
444
30
I. The Early Life of Khubilai
445
3
II. Khubilai and His Chinese Advisers before 1260
448
4
III. Möngke's Field General in China
452
3
IV. Maneuvering to Become the Great Khan
455
1
V. The Great Khan Khubilai Becomes Emperor of China
456
4
VI. The Conquest of the Southern Song, 1267-1279
460
5
VII. The War against Khaidu
465
1
VIII. Khubilai's Later Years
466
1
IX. Khubilai Khan's Successors, 1294-1370
467
7
20. China under Mongol Rule
474
43
I. Yuan Government
474
15
II. Managing Society and Staffing the Government
489
8
III. Religions
497
6
IV. China's People under Mongol Rule
503
4
V. The Yuan Cultural Achievement
507
10
PART FOUR THE RESTORATION OF NATIVE RULE UNDER THE MING 1368-1644
21. From Chaos toward a New Chinese Order
517
32
I. Disintegration
517
4
II. Competitors for Power Emerge
521
12
III. Rival Contenders, 1351-1368
533
8
IV. Zhu Yuanzhang, Boy to Young Man
541
8
22. Zhu Yuanzhang Builds His Ming Dynasty
549
34
I. Learning to Be an Emperor
549
14
II. Setting the Pattern of His Dynasty
563
3
III. Constructing a Capital and a Government
566
9
IV. The Enigma of Zhu Yuanzhang
575
8
23. Civil War and Usurpation, 1399-1402
583
15
I. The New Era
583
8
II. The Thought of Fang Xiaoru: What Might Have Been
591
3
III. From Prince to Emperor
594
4
24. The "Second Founding" of the Ming Dynasty
598
24
I. Ming Chengzu's Imprint on Ming Governing
598
4
II. The Eunuch Establishment and the Imperial Bodyguard
602
4
III. Defending Throne and State
606
6
IV. Securing China's Place in the Asian World
612
5
V. The New Capital
617
5
25. Ming China in the Fifteenth Century
622
32
I. Successors to the Yongle Emperor
622
14
II. The Mechanics of Government
636
10
III. The Grand Canal in Ming Times
646
8
26. The Changing World of the Sixteenth Century
654
31
I. Emperor Wuzong, 1505-1521
654
4
II. Emperor Shizong's Accession
658
5
III. The Rites Controversy
663
5
IV. Emperor Shizong and Daoism
668
1
V. The Emperor Shizong and His Officials
669
4
VI. Wang Yangming and Sixteenth-Century Confucian Thought
673
12
27. Ming China's Borders
685
38
I. Border Zones, Zones of Interaction
685
2
II. Tension and Peril on the Northern Borders
687
11
III. Tibet and the Western Borders
698
4
IV. The "Soft Border" of the Chinese South
702
15
V. The Maritime Borders of Eastern China
717
6
28. Late Ming Political Decline, 1567-1627
723
20
I. The Brief Reign of Emperor Muzong, 1567-1572
723
4
II. Zhang Juzheng's Leadership and the Wanli Reign
727
11
III. The Wanli Emperor's Successors
738
5
29. The Lively Society of the Late Ming
743
33
I. The Population of Ming China
743
7
II. The Organization of Rural Society
750
10
III. Ming Cities, Towns, and Urban People: The Question of Capitalism
760
9
IV. Late Ming Elite Culture
769
7
30. The Course of Ming Failure
776
37
I. Launching the Chongzhen Reign: Random Inadequacies, Persistent Hopes
776
8
II. The Manchu Invaders
784
11
III. The "Roving Bandits"
795
6
IV. Beijing, Spring 1644
801
12
PART FIVE CHINA AND THE WORLD IN EARLY QING TIMES
31. Alien Rule Returns
813
28
I. Beijing: The City Ravaged
813
2
II. The Drama at Shanhai Guan, April-May 1644
815
3
III. Beijing Becomes the New Qing Capital
818
6
IV. The Shunthi Emperor, 1644-1662
824
1
V. The Southern Ming Challenge to Qing Hegemony, 1644-1662
824
3
V. The Manchu Offensive
827
6
VII. The Longwu Regime: Fuzhou, July 1645-October 1646
833
4
VIII. Ming Loyalist Activity after 1646
837
4
32. The Kangxi Emperor: Coming of Age
841
15
I. Difficult Beginnings
841
3
II. Rebellion, 1673-1681
844
4
III. The Conquest of Taiwan
848
2
IV. Ming Loyalism and Intellectual Currents in the Early Qing
850
6
33. The Kangxi Reign: The Emperor and His Empire
856
31
I. Banner Lands and the Manchu Migration into China
857
4
II. Recruitment and the Examination System
861
7
III. The Mongols on the Northern Borders
868
8
IV. ManchulQing Power and the Problem of Tibet
876
3
V. Court Factions
879
4
VI. The Succession Crisis
883
4
34. The Yongzheng Emperor as Man and Ruler
887
25
I. Imperial Style, Political Substance
887
5
II. Changing the Machinery of Government
892
5
III. Other Governing Measures
897
4
IV. Military Campaigns and Border Policies
901
2
V. Population Growth and Social Conditions
903
5
VI. Taxation and the Yongzheng Reforms
908
4
35. Splendor and Degeneration, 1736-1799
912
37
I. Changing Assessments
912
2
II. Hongli
914
4
III. Political Measures
918
4
IV. Cultural Control Measures
922
6
V. A Late Flowering of Thought and Learning
928
7
VI. The Qianlong Emperor's Military Campaigns
935
5
VII. China in the Eighteenth Century
940
9
36. China's Legacy in a Changing World
949
26
I. The Background of China's International Relations
949
2
II. Mutual Recognition
951
2
III. Economic Interactions
953
3
IV. Broadened Horizons of Religion, Philosophy, and Practical Knowledge
956
5
V. Diplomatic and Military Threats
961
2
VI. An Old Civilization in a New World
963
12
Appendix: Conversion Table, Pinyin to Wade-Giles
975
4
Notes
979
78
Bibliography
1057
28
Index
1085