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Tables of Contents for The Sociology of Philosophies
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xvii
Acknowledgments
xxi
Introduction
1
18
THE SKELETON OF THEORY
Coalitions in the Mind
19
35
General Theory of Interaction Rituals
20
4
The Interaction Rituals of Intellectuals
24
13
The Opportunity Structure
37
9
The Sociology of Thinking
46
8
Networks across the Generations
54
26
The Rarity of Major Creativity
54
4
Who Will Be Remembered?
58
3
What Do Minor Philosophers Do?
61
3
The Structural Mold of Intellectual Life: Long-Term Chains in China and Greece
64
4
The Importance of Personal Ties
68
6
The Structural Crunch
74
6
Partitioning Attention Space: The Case of Ancient Greece
80
57
The Intellectual Law of Small Numbers
81
1
The Forming of an Argumentative Network and the Launching of Greek Philosophy
82
7
How Long Do Organized Schools Last?
89
8
Small Numbers Crisis and the Creativity of the Post-Socratic Generation
97
6
The Hellenistic Realignment of Positions
103
6
The Roman Base and the Second Realignment
109
10
The Stimulus of Religious Polarization
119
4
The Showdown of Christianity versus the Pagan United Front
123
8
Two Kinds of Creativity
131
6
COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES
Part I: Asian Paths
Innovation by Opposition: Ancient China
137
40
The Sequence of Oppositions in Ancient China
137
16
Centralization in the Han Dynasty: The Forming of Official Confucianism and Its Opposition
153
5
The Changing Landscape of External Supports
158
10
The Gentry-Official Culture: The Pure Conversation Movement and the Dark Learning
168
6
Class Culture and the Freezing of Creativity of Indigenous Chinese Philosophy
174
3
External and Internal Politics of the Intellectual World: India
177
95
Sociopolitical Bases of Religious Ascendancies
178
15
Religious Bases of Philosophical Factions: Divisions and Recombination of Vedic Ritualists
193
2
The Crowded Competition of the Sages
195
5
Monastic Movements and the Ideal of Meditative Mysticism
200
8
Anti-monastic Opposition and the Forming of Hindu Lay Culture
208
5
Partitioning the Intellectual Attention Space
213
11
The Buddhist-Hindu Watershed
224
31
The Post-Buddhist Resettlement of Intellectual Territories
255
13
Scholasticism and Syncretism in the Decline of Hindu Philosophy
268
4
Revolutions of the Organizational Base: Buddhist and Neo-Confucian China
272
50
Buddhism and the Organizational Transformation of Medieval China
274
5
Intellectual Foreign Relations of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism
279
2
Creative Philosophies in Chinese Buddhism
281
9
The Ch'an (Zen) Revolution
290
9
The Neo-Confucian Revival
299
17
The Weak Continuity of Chinese Metaphysics
316
6
Innovation through Conservatism: Japan
322
65
Japan as Transformer of Chinese Buddhism
326
15
The Inflation of Zen Enlightenment and the Scholasticization of Koan
341
6
Tokugawa as a Modernizing Society
347
14
The Divergence of Secularist Naturalism and Neoconservatism
361
6
Conservatism and Intellectual Creativity
367
2
The Myth of the Opening of Japan
369
18
Conclusions to Part I: The Ingredients of Intellectual Life
379
8
COMPARATIVE HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES
Part II: Western Paths
Tensions of Indigenous and Imported Ideas: Islam, Judaism, Christendom
387
64
Philosophy within a Religious Context
388
4
The Muslim World: An Intellectual Community Anchored by a Politicized Religion
392
3
Four Factions
395
12
Realignment of Factions in the 900s
407
10
The Culmination of the Philosophical Networks: Ibn Sina and al-Ghazali
417
6
Routinization of Sufis and Scholastics
423
5
Spain as the Hinge of Medieval Philosophy
428
18
Coda: Are Idea Imports a Substitute for Creativity?
446
5
Academic Expansion as a Two-Edged Sword: Medieval Christendom
451
72
The Organizational Based of Christian Thought
455
8
The Inner Autonomy of the University
463
22
The Breakup of Theological Philosophy
485
12
Intellectuals as Courtiers: The Humanists
497
4
The Question of Intellectual Stagnation
501
20
Coda: The Intellectual Demoralization of the Late Twentieth Century
521
2
Cross-Breeding Networks and Rapid-Discovery Science
523
47
A Cascade of Creative Circles
526
6
Philosophical Connections of the Scientific Revolution
532
24
Three Revolutions and Their Networks
556
1
The Mathematicians
557
2
The Scientific Revolution
559
3
The Philosophical Revolution: Bacon and Descartes
562
8
Secularization and Philosophical Meta-territoriality
570
48
Secularization of the Intellectual Base
573
1
Geopolitics and Cleavages within Catholicism
574
13
Reemergence of the Metaphysical Field
587
2
Jewish Millennialism and Spinoza's Religion of Reason
589
2
Leibniz's Mathematical Metaphysics
591
3
Rival Philosophies upon the Space of Religious Toleration
594
6
Deism and the Independence of Value Theory
600
3
The Reversal of Alliances
603
6
Anti-modernist Modernism and the Anti-scientific Opposition
609
4
The Triumph of Epistemology
613
5
Intellectuals Take Control of Their Base: The German University Revolution
618
70
The German Idealist Movement
622
16
Philosophy Captures the University
638
12
Idealism as Ideology of the University Revolution
650
11
Political Crisis as the Outer Layer of Causality
661
2
The Spread of the University Revolution
663
25
The Post-revolutionary Condition: Boundaries as Philosophical Puzzles
688
66
Meta-territories upon the Science-Philosophy Border
694
3
The Social Invention of Higher Mathematics
697
12
The Logicism of Wittgenstein
709
8
The Vienna Circle as a Nexus of Struggles
717
14
The Ordinary Language Reaction against Logical Formalism
731
3
Wittgenstein's Tortured Path
734
3
From Mathematical Foundations Crisis to Husserl's Phenomenology
737
6
Heidegger: Catholic Anti-modernism Intersects the Phenomenological Movement
743
5
Division of the Phenomenological Movement
748
3
The Ideology of the Continental-Anglo Split
751
3
Writers' Markets and Academic Networks: The French Connection
754
33
The Secularization Struggle and French Popular Philosophy
757
7
Existentialists as Literary-Academic Hybrids
764
18
Envio: Into the Fog of the Present
782
5
META-REFLECTIONS
Sequence and Branch in the Social Production of Ideas
787
71
The Continuum of Abstraction and Reflexivity
787
13
Three Pathways: Cosmological, Epistemological-Metaphysical, Mathematical
800
56
The Future of Philosophy
856
2
Epilogue: Social Realism
858
89
The Sociological Cogito
858
4
Mathematics as Communicative Operations
862
8
The Objects of Rapid-Discovery Science
870
5
Why Should Intellectual Networks Undermine Themselves?
875
8
Appendices
1. The Clustering of Contemporaneous Creativity
883
7
2. The Incompleteness of Our Historical Picture
890
3
3. Keys to Figures
893
54
Notes
947
88
References
1035
34
Index of Persons
1069
20
Index of Subjects
1089