search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Media Effects Research With Infotrac
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
Acknowledgments
xvi
A Scientific Approach to the Study of Media Effects
1
18
Ways of Knowing
2
2
Experience
2
1
Authority
3
1
Science
4
1
Goals of Science
4
4
Prediction
4
1
Explanation
5
1
Understanding
6
1
Control
6
2
How Are the Goals of Science Achieved?
8
2
Falsifiability
9
1
The Nature of Science
10
6
Science Is General
11
2
Science Acknowledges the Existence of Objective Truth
13
1
Science Assumes a Skeptical Attitude
14
1
Science Can't Answer Certain Kinds of Questions
15
1
Summary
16
1
Key Terms and Concepts
16
1
Key Names
17
1
Web Links
17
1
Notes
17
2
Scientific Methods in Media Effects Research
19
20
Analyzing Media Content
19
4
What Is Content Analysis?
20
1
An Example: The Content of TV Commercials
21
2
The Sample Survey
23
4
An Example: The Effects of Talk Show Viewing on Adolescents
24
3
The Search for Causal Relationships
27
5
Criteria for Causal Relationships
27
5
The Experimental Method
32
4
Manipulation of a Key Variable
33
1
Random Assignment to Experimental Conditions
33
1
Identical Treatment Except for the Manipulation
33
1
Control Groups
34
1
An Example: The Effects of Realistic Versus Reenacted Violence
35
1
Controversy About Research Methods
36
1
Summary
36
1
Key Terms and Concepts
37
1
Key Names
37
1
Web Links
37
1
Notes
38
1
A Brief History of Media Effects Research
39
18
Setting the Stage
40
2
1898--Congress Declares War on Spain
40
1
1917--Propaganda in World War I
41
1
The 1920s--Movies Explode as Mainstream Entertainment
41
1
1929-1932--The Payne Fund Studies
42
3
What Was the Content of Movies?
42
1
The Emotional Impact of Movies
42
1
Does Watching Movies Affect Behavior?
43
2
The Aftermath of the Payne Fund Studies
45
1
The Invasion From Mars
45
2
The Research at Princeton
46
1
Early Theory of Media Effects: The Magic Bullet Model
47
1
The People's Choice Study: The ``Limited Effects'' Model
48
3
Why Use Control Groups?
48
1
Media Impact in the 1940 Campaign
48
1
The Limited-Effects Perspective
49
2
The Evils of Comic Books
51
1
The Dawn of Television
52
1
Many Types of Media Effects
52
2
Summary
54
1
Key Terms and Concepts
55
1
Key Names
55
1
Web Links
55
1
Notes
56
1
Time Spent With Mass Media: Reasons and Consequences
57
15
The Uses and Gratifications Perspective
58
4
Why Do Children Watch TV?
58
4
The Problem With Self Reports
62
1
Time Spent With Media
63
6
The Displacement Hypothesis
64
3
Television Viewing and Obesity
67
2
Summary
69
1
Key Terms and Concepts
69
1
Key Names
69
1
Web Links
70
1
Notes
70
2
Effects of Media Violence
72
18
The Presence of Violent Content
74
2
The Causal Link Between Viewing Violence and Behaving Aggressively
76
8
The Research of Albert Bandura
76
3
The Long-Term Studies of Leonard Eron and Rowell Huesmann
79
2
The Research of Brandon Centerwall
81
1
The Catharsis Hypothesis
81
2
A Priming Analysis of the Effect of Media Violence
83
1
Desensitization to Violence
84
1
Why Do People Like Media Violence?
85
1
Concluding Comments
86
1
Summary
87
1
Key Terms and Concepts
87
1
Key Names
87
1
Web Links
87
1
Notes
88
2
Sexual Content in the Media
90
19
Human Sexuality Brings Out Passionate Opinion
90
2
Sorting Out Definitions and Terms
92
1
The Commission on Obscenity and Pornography
93
2
Major Finding
93
1
A Reexamination of the Commission's Findings
94
1
Research Following the Commission Report
95
4
Content Available
96
1
Perceptual Consequences of Viewing
96
1
Behavioral Consequences of Viewing
97
2
The Meese Commission Report on Pornography
99
1
Major Conclusion
99
1
Sex on Prime-Time TV
100
4
The Dynamics of Excitation Transfer
101
1
Content Analyses
102
2
Sexual Behavior and Viewing
104
1
Control over Media Content
104
2
Sex and the Internet
104
1
Legal Control
105
1
Social or Economic Control
105
1
Control Through Education
106
1
Summary
106
1
Key Terms and Concepts
107
1
Key Names
107
1
Web Links
107
1
Notes
107
2
Frightening Media
109
18
Fright Reactions to Media Are Prevalent
111
1
What Scares One Child May Not Scare Another
112
1
Experimenting with the Incredible Hulk
113
3
Why Is the Paranormal So Scary?
116
4
Poltergeist
117
1
The Nightmare on Elm Street Series
118
1
The Exorcist
119
1
What's a Parent to Do?
120
2
Is it Fun to Be Scared?
122
2
Frightening Films and Roller-Coaster Rides
122
1
The Sexual Dynamic in Viewing Frightening Films
123
1
Summary
124
1
Key Terms and Concepts
125
1
Key Names
125
1
Web Links
125
1
Notes
125
2
Persuasive Effects of the Media
127
24
What Is Persuasion?
127
1
Subliminal Persuasion: The Magic Key?
128
3
Early History
128
1
The Presumed Mechanism
129
1
Two Important Questions
129
2
How Media Messages Persuade Without Even Trying
131
6
The Theory of Media Cultivation
133
2
Do Media Messages About the Paranormal Influence Paranormal Beliefs?
135
2
Intentional Persuasion in the Media
137
3
The Great American Values Test
137
2
How Does an Advertiser Determine Success?
139
1
Some Evidence for the Effectiveness of Advertising
139
1
The Third-Person Effect
140
1
Some Key Principles of Media Persuasion
140
7
The Power of the Source
142
1
Message Features: Simplicity and Repetition
143
1
More Message Features: Fear, Guilt, and Humor
143
2
The Health Campaign
145
2
Summary
147
1
Key Terms and Concepts
147
1
Key Names
147
1
Web Links
148
1
Notes
148
3
The Effects of News and Political Content
151
16
Do Certain News Reports Cause More People to Die?
151
2
Imitative Suicides and the News
152
1
Thinking About the News
153
7
Need for Cognition
154
1
Political Sophistication
154
1
Agenda-Setting Theory: A Theory About Thinking
155
2
The Spiral of Silence
157
1
How Much of the News Do We Remember?
158
2
The Role of Emotion
160
4
Summary
164
1
Key Terms and Concepts
164
1
Key Names
164
1
Web Links
165
1
Notes
165
2
The Effects of Media Stereotypes
167
18
What's in a Face?
167
4
Stereotypical Representations in the Media
171
9
Sex Role Stereotypes
172
1
Effects of Sex Role Stereotypes
173
2
Media Images of Thin Bodies and Effects on Body Image
175
2
Racial Stereotypes
177
1
Overrepresentation of African Americans as Lawbreakers
177
3
The Imbalance in Media Research on Stereotypes
180
2
Summary
182
1
Key Terms and Concepts
182
1
Key Names
182
1
Web Links
183
1
Notes
183
2
The Impact of New Media Technologies
185
15
The Revolution in New Media Technology
185
2
Computers and the Internet: Connection or Alienation?
187
5
The Carnegie Mellon Study
187
3
Applying the Lessons of History
190
2
Are Video Games Really Training Kids to Kill?
192
6
An Opinion on Video Games from an Expert on ``Killology''
193
1
What Does the Research Say?
194
4
Summary
198
1
Key Terms and Concepts
198
1
Key Names
198
1
Web Links
198
1
Notes
199
1
Meet Marshall McLuhan: A Less Scientific Approach to Media Impact
200
17
Is There Any Value to Considering Marshall McLuhan
200
1
Meet Marshall McLuhan
201
1
The Eras of Communication History
202
4
The Tribal Age
202
1
Moving from the Tribal Age to the Print Age
203
1
Moving on to the Current Electronic Age
204
2
The Medium Is the Message
206
1
The Effects of Electronic Media on Human Beings
207
5
Education in the Electronic Age
208
1
War in the Electronic Age: Not So ``Hot''
209
2
Politics in the Electronic Age: Was Bill Clinton ``Cooler'' Than George Bush
211
1
Drugs in the Electronic Age
212
1
McLuhan's Influence
212
1
Some Final Reflections
213
1
Summary
214
1
Key Terms and Concepts
215
1
Key Names
215
1
Web Links
215
1
Important Sources on Marshall McLuhan
216
1
Notes
216
1
Names Index
217
2
Subject Index
219