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Tables of Contents for Women in American Politics With Infotrac
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
viii
Introduction
x
I WOMEN IN AMERICAN DEMOCRACY
1
30
Women in American Democracy
3
28
Why Study Women in Politics Now?
3
2
Differences Between Men and Women
5
1
The Roots of Difference and the Public/Private Split
5
1
Fear of Difference and the Tradition of Misogyny: The Political Philosophers
6
5
Plato
7
1
Aristotle
7
1
Hobbes
8
1
Locke
9
1
Mill
9
2
American Women's Political History
11
15
Colonial Women and the Constitution
11
2
Women and the Abolition Movement
13
3
The Fight for Suffrage
16
2
The Postsuffrage Era
18
4
The Modern Women's Movement
22
4
Conclusion
26
5
II WOMEN'S LINKS TO THE GOVERNMENT
31
114
Women and Public Opinion
33
25
Public Opinion in the United States
33
1
Public Opinion and Its Characteristics
34
2
The Study of Public Opinion and Women
36
1
The Emergence of the Gender Gap
37
3
Differences in Men's and Women's Opinions
40
14
Differences in Political Knowledge
40
6
Differences in Party Identification and Ideology
46
2
Differences in Domestic Policy Issues
48
3
Men, Women, and Foreign Affairs
51
1
Surprising Similarities
51
3
Conclusion
54
4
Women in Interest Groups
58
20
Women's Interests, Social Movements, and Interest Groups
58
3
Why Men and Women Join Interest Groups
61
3
Differences in Interest Group Participation
64
1
Women's Interest Groups
65
6
Business and Professional Women and the American Association of University Women
65
1
The National Organization for Women
66
4
The National Women's Political Caucus
70
1
Strategies and Tactics of Women's Interest Groups
71
4
Conclusion
75
3
Women and Political Action Committees
78
18
Campaign Contributions and Women's Candidacies: A Battle Won
78
1
The Regulation of Campaign Finance
79
3
The Impact of Campaign Finance Regulation
82
1
The Formation of Women's PACs
83
3
Organizational Goals
83
2
Organizational Strategy
85
1
Contribution Strategies
86
3
The Growth of Women's PACs
89
3
The Impact of Women's PACs
92
1
Conclusion
93
3
Women and American Political Parties
96
25
Women's Role in the Development of U.S. Political Parties
96
1
The First Party System
97
1
The Second Party System
98
1
The Third Party System
98
1
The Fourth Party System
99
3
The Fifth Party System
102
4
The Decline of Political Parties
106
3
The Three Faces of a Party
109
7
The Three Faces of a Party: Women in the Electorate
109
2
The Three Faces of a Party: Elected Women as Party Leaders
111
2
The Three Faces of a Party: Women and National, State, and Local Party Organizations
113
3
Gatekeepers and Recruiters: The Nomination Process and Women's Candidacies
116
2
Conclusion
118
3
Women, Voting, Elections, and Candidates
121
24
Men, Women, and Voting
121
2
Voter Turnout Among Men and Women
123
3
The Gender Gap
126
8
The Gender Gap in Congressional and State Elections
134
2
Women as Candidates: The Eligibility Pool and Incumbency
136
2
Media Coverage of Women as Candidates
138
1
Electoral Structure and Incumbency: The Impact on Women's Candidacies
139
2
Conclusion
141
4
III WOMEN IN GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS
145
70
Women in Congress
147
25
Introduction
147
1
A History of Women's Participation in Congress
148
6
Background of Women in Congress
154
2
The Election of Women to Congress
156
6
Women's Congressional Roles
162
3
The Impact of Women in Congress
165
3
Conclusion
168
4
Women in the Executive Branch
172
19
The Evolution of the Presidency
172
1
Why Hasn't There Been a Woman President of the United States?
173
4
The Participation of First Ladies in National Policy
177
2
Women's Formal Participation in the Executive Branch
179
7
Women as Employees of the Federal Government
179
2
Women in Presidential Cabinets
181
5
Conclusion
186
5
Women in the Federal Judiciary
191
24
The Historical Participation of Women in the Federal Judicial System
191
1
An Overview of the Federal Court System
192
3
The Selection of Federal Judges
195
1
Women's Appointments to the Federal Judiciary
196
3
Women's Appointments to the United States Supreme Court
199
3
The Impact of Women's Appointments
202
1
Women and the Law: Discrimination in Supreme Court Decisions
203
6
Discrimination in the Law
203
6
Women and the Law: Using the Courts to Achieve Equality
209
1
Privacy Rights
209
1
Equality in the Workplace
210
1
Conclusion
210
5
IV WOMEN AND AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY
215
22
Women and American Public Policy
217
20
Gendering Public Policy
217
1
Evaluating the Impact of the Women's Movement on Public Policy
218
1
Economic Equality
219
6
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
220
2
Affirmative Action
222
2
Discrimination against Pregnant Employees and Employees with Children
224
1
Economic Equality Today
225
1
Abortion
225
7
Using Violence to Protest Abortion and the Response
231
1
Women in the U.S. Military
232
2
Conclusion
234
3
Appendix A
237
4
Appendix B
241
1
Appendix C
242
2
Glossary
244
8
Index
252