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Tables of Contents for The Korean Language
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Maps
xv
Preface
xvii
Abbreviations
xix
Introduction
1
16
Transcriptions
1
3
Speakers
4
2
Korean as a foreign language
6
2
Linguistic study of Korean
8
3
Salient features of Korean: an overview
11
6
Genetic affiliation and historical development
11
1
Dialectal variations
12
1
Korean vocabulary
12
1
Writing systems
13
1
The sound pattern
14
1
Agglutinative morphology
15
1
SOV syntax
15
1
Honorifics
16
1
Genetic affiliation
17
20
Prehistory of Korean
17
1
Altaic hypothesis
18
7
Austronesian and Dravidian hypotheses
25
4
Genetic linkage between Korean and Japanese
29
8
Historical development
37
20
Bird's-eye-view of Korean history
37
2
Evolvement of Korean
39
3
Prehistoric and Old Korean
42
2
Middle Korean
44
8
Modern and Contemporary Korean
52
5
Dialects
57
30
Dialectal zones
57
3
Representative isoglosses
60
6
Prosodemes: tones and vowel length
60
2
Reflexes of Middle Korean
62
1
Other vowel alternations
63
1
Reflexes of Middle Korean z
63
1
Reflexes of Middle Korean β
64
1
Word-medial k
65
1
Word-initial / and n
65
1
Palatalization
65
1
Hamkyeng zone
66
2
Phyengan zone
68
1
Central zone
69
1
Chwungcheng zone
70
1
Kyengsang zone
71
2
Cenla zone
73
1
Ceycwu zone
74
2
Linguistic divergence in South and North Korea
76
11
South Korean policies
77
1
North Korean policies
78
1
Areas of major linguistic divergence
79
8
Lexicon
87
34
Composition of the Korean lexicon
87
5
Native words
92
4
Sound symbolism
96
6
Sino-Korean words
102
13
Loan words
115
6
Writing systems
121
30
Chinese characters
121
3
Introduction of Chinese characters
122
1
Sino-Korean pronunciation
123
1
The Itwu (Clerk Reading) script
124
5
Hankul: the Korean alphabet
129
15
Creation of Hankul
129
7
Early literature in Hankul
136
1
Hankul in current use
137
4
Spelling conventions
141
3
Mixed use of Hankul and Chinese characters
144
2
Orthographic divergence in South and North Korea
146
3
Romanization
149
2
Sound patterns
151
52
Introduction
151
1
Speech sounds
152
7
Consonants
153
3
Vowels
156
2
Semivowels (glides)
158
1
Sound combination
159
4
Syllable structure
159
2
Sequential constraints
161
2
Sound alternations
163
33
Automatic vs. non-automatic alternation
163
1
Automatic sound alternations
163
14
Non-automatic sound alternations
177
19
Rhythmic patterns
196
7
Length, stress, pitch
196
1
Intonation contours
197
3
Tones in the Kyengsang dialect
200
3
Word structure
203
62
Word categories
203
12
Classification
203
1
Nouns
204
3
Pronouns
207
1
Numerals
208
1
Verbs
209
1
Adjectives
209
1
Determiners
210
1
Adverbs
211
1
Particles
212
3
Affixation
215
3
Affixes, stems, and roots
215
1
Derivation and inflection
216
1
Native and Sino-Korean affixes
217
1
Derivational morphology
218
13
Noun derivation
219
5
Verb derivation
224
3
Adjective derivation
227
2
Adverb derivation
229
2
Determiner derivation
231
1
Inflectional morphology
231
11
Inflectional categories
231
2
Non-terminal suffixes
233
1
Sentence enders
234
4
Embedded-clause enders
238
3
Irregular predicates
241
1
Compounding
242
17
General properties
242
3
Compound nouns
245
6
Compound pronouns
251
1
Compound numerals
251
1
Compound verbs
252
3
Compound adjectives
255
1
Compound determiners
256
1
Compound adverbs
256
2
Compound particles
258
1
Abbreviation
259
2
Grammaticalization
261
4
Grammatical structure
265
154
Structural essentials
265
3
Sentence types
268
29
Declarative, interrogative, propositive, and imperative
269
6
Verbs and adjectives
275
2
Verb sentences
277
3
Adjective sentences
280
7
Transtivity
287
2
Topic-stacking sentences
289
2
Subjectless sentences
291
2
Word order
293
4
Syntactic relations
297
5
Embedded clauses
302
24
Types of embedding
302
2
Conjunctive constructions
304
5
Relative clause constructions
309
5
Complement clause constructions
314
5
Nominalized constructions
319
3
Quotative constructions
322
4
Case marking
326
19
Syntactic cases: nominative, accusative, and genitive
327
6
Dative, locative, goal, and source
333
4
Directional, instrumental, and function
337
1
Ablative
338
1
Comitative and connective
339
1
Comparative
340
1
Vocative
341
2
Case-particle stacking
343
2
Delimiter constructions
345
5
Constituent delimiters
345
3
Sentential delimiters
348
2
Numeral constructions
350
4
Time expressions
350
2
Ordinals, frequency, and number
352
1
Classifier constructions
352
2
Modality and tense-aspect
354
13
Sentence enders
355
3
Mood: indicative, retrospective, requestive, and suppositive
358
2
Modal elements: -keyss and -(u)l(i)
360
2
Tense and aspect
362
5
Passive and causative constructions
367
11
Passive sentences
368
5
Causative sentences
373
5
Complex predicate constructions
378
10
Relative complex predicates
378
2
Serial predicate constructions
380
1
Auxiliary predicate constructions
381
7
Negation
388
6
Sentential negation
389
4
Constituent negation
393
1
Double negation and rhetorical negation
393
1
Adverbial constructions
394
6
Attributive adverbials: time, place, manner, and degree
396
1
Modal averbials
397
1
Nominal-modifying adverbials
398
1
Conjunctive adverbials
399
1
Discoursal adverbials
399
1
Reduction phenomena
400
7
Ellipsis
401
1
Gapping
402
1
Omission
402
1
Pro-replacement
403
2
Reflexivization
405
2
Honorifics and politeness strategies
407
12
Lexico-suffixal patterns of honorifics
408
6
Syntactic patterns of honorifics
414
3
Strategic politeness expressions
417
2
Select bibliography
419
21
Index
440