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Tables of Contents for The Physics of Atmospheres
Preface to the first edition
x
Preface to the second edition
xii
Preface to the third edition
xiii
Equilibrium temperatures
1
2
7
2
A radiative equilibrium model
9
10
Absorption and emission
10
2
Radiative equilibrium in a grey atmosphere
12
3
Radiative time constants
15
1
17
2
Vertical motion of saturated air
20
2
Total potential energy of an air column
24
1
Available potential energy
24
5
Zonal and eddy energy
29
10
30
9
More complex radiation transfer
39
19
Solar radiation: its modification by scattering
39
1
Absorption of solar radiation by ozone
40
1
Absorption by single lines
41
3
Transmission of an atmospheric path
44
1
The integral equation of transfer
45
2
Integration over frequency
47
1
Heating rate due to radiative processes
48
1
Cooling by carbon dioxide emission from upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere
48
1
Global radiation budget
50
8
52
6
The middle and upper atmospheres
58
24
The escape of hydrogen
61
4
The energy balance of the thermosphere
65
1
The photodissociation of oxygen
66
1
Photochemical processes
67
5
Breakdown of thermodynamic equilibrium
72
10
78
4
The growth of cloud particles
83
1
The radiative properties of clouds
84
2
Radiative transfer in clouds
86
2
Cloud radiation feedback
88
5
89
4
The material derivative
93
1
The geostrophic approximation
97
1
Surfaces of constant pressure
99
1
The thermal wind equation
100
1
The equation of continuity
101
9
102
8
The vorticity equation
118
2
Three-dimensional Rossby-type waves
120
11
122
9
The mixing-length hypothesis
136
1
The spectrum of atmospheric turbulence
138
7
141
4
The general circulation
145
28
Laboratory experiments
145
2
A symmetric circulation
147
5
Barotropic instability
153
1
Baroclinic instability
154
4
Transport of angular momentum
161
1
The general circulation of the middle atmosphere
162
11
168
5
Primitive equation models
176
1
Models for weather forecasting
177
3
Inclusion of orography
180
1
Sub grid scale processes
185
1
Moist processes and clouds
186
1
Transfer across the surface
189
1
192
6
What observations are required?
198
1
Radar and lidar observations from the surface
200
1
Remote sounding from satellites
201
3
Remote sounding of atmospheric temperature: theory
204
6
Instruments for remote temperature sounding
210
5
Remote measurements of composition
215
5
Other remote sounding observations from space
220
1
Observations from remote platforms
221
1
Achieving global coverage
221
8
224
5
Chaos and atmospheric predictability
229
13
Variations in forecast skill
234
1
Jupiter's Great Red Spot
238
1
Different kinds of predictability
238
4
240
2
Climate and climate change
242
33
Variations of climate over the past millennium
243
3
Influence of the ocean boundary
248
2
Human influences on climate
250
5
The enhanced greenhouse effect
255
5
Modelling climate change
262
3
Observations of climate
265
1
Dynamical response to external forcing
266
3
The impacts of climate change
269
6
270
5
1 Some useful physical constants and data on dry air
275
1
2 Properties of water vapour
276
1
3 Atmospheric composition
277
1
4 Relation of geopotential to geometric height
278
1
5 Model atmospheres (0--105 km)
278
9
6 Mean reference atmosphere (110--500 km)
287
1
7 The Planck function
287
2
9 Absorption by ozone in the ultraviolet
290
1
10 Spectral band information
290
9
References to works cited in the text
301
6
Answers to problems and hints to their solution
307
6