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Tables of Contents for Metal Fatigue in Engineering
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
Biographical Sketches
xix
Introduction And Historical Overview
1
18
Mechanical Failure Modes
1
2
Importance of Fatigue Considerations in Design
3
2
Historical Overview of Fatigue
5
4
Summary
9
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
10
1
Biographical Sketches
10
9
References
16
1
Problems
17
2
Fatigue Design Methods
19
14
Strategies in Fatigue Design
19
4
The In-House Tool
21
1
The New Model
22
1
The New Product
22
1
Design to Code
22
1
Fatigue Design Criteria
23
2
Infinite-Life Design
23
1
Safe-Life Design
23
1
Fail-Safe Design
24
1
Damage-Tolerant Design
24
1
Analysis and Testing
25
3
Probabilistic Design and Reliability
28
1
CAE and Digital Prototyping
28
1
In-Service Inspection and Acquisition of Relevant Experience
29
1
Summary
30
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
30
3
References
31
1
Problems
31
2
Macro/Micro Aspects Of Fatigue Of Metals
33
26
Fatigue Fracture Surfaces and Macroscopic Features
34
9
Fatigue Mechanisms and Microscopic Features
43
12
Summary
55
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
56
3
References
56
1
Problems
57
2
Fatigue Tests And The Stress-Life (S-N) Approach
59
34
Fatigue Loading, Test Machines, and Specimens
59
8
Fatigue Loading
59
3
Fatigue Test Machines
62
3
Fatigue Test Specimens
65
2
Stress-Life (S-N) Curves
67
7
General S-N Behavior
67
3
Fatigue Limit Under Fully Reversed Uniaxial Stressing
70
4
Mean Stress Effects on S-N Behavior
74
5
Factors Influencing S-N Behavior
79
4
Microstructure
79
1
Size Effects
80
1
Surface Finish
80
2
Frequency
82
1
S-N Curve Representation and Approximations
83
3
Example of Life Estimation Using the S-N Approach
86
2
Summary
88
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
89
4
References
89
1
Problems
90
3
Cyclic Deformation And The Strain-Life (ϵ-N) Approach
93
29
Monotonic Tension Test and Stress-Strain Behavior
93
5
Strain-Controlled Test Methods
98
1
Cycle-Dependent Material Deformation and Cyclic Stress-Strain Behavior
98
7
Strain-Based (ϵ-N) Approach to Life Estimation
105
6
Determination of Strain-Life Fatigue Properties
111
2
Mean Stress Effects
113
2
Surface Finish and Other Factors Influencing Strain-Life Behavior
115
1
Summary
116
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
117
5
References
118
1
Problems
119
3
Fundamentals of Lefm And Applications to Fatigue Crack Growth
122
64
LEFM Concepts
123
10
Loading Modes
123
1
Stress Intensity Factor, K
124
2
K Expressions for Common Cracked Members
126
6
Superposition for Combined Mode I Loading
132
1
Crack Tip Plastic Zone
133
3
Fracture Toughness-Kc, KIc
136
6
Fatigue Crack Growth, da/dN-δK
142
13
Sigmoidal da/dN-δK Curve
144
2
Constant Amplitude Fatigue Crack Growth Test Methods
146
1
da/dN-δK for R=0
147
4
Crack Growth Life Integration Example with No Mean Stress Effects
151
4
Mean Stress Effects
155
5
Cyclic Plastic Zone Size
160
2
Crack Closure
162
3
Small Fatigue Cracks And Lefm Limitations
165
5
Plasticity Extension of Lefm and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics
170
4
Summary
174
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
175
1
References
176
4
Problems
180
6
Notches and Their Effects
186
57
Concentrations and Gradients of Stress and Strain
187
9
S-N Aproach for Notched Members
196
13
Notch Sensitivity and the Fatigue Notch Factor, Kf
196
3
Effects of Stress Level on Notch Factor
199
1
Mean Stress Effects and Haigh Diagrams
200
6
Example of Life Estimation with the S-N Approach
206
3
Notch Strain Analysis and the Strain-Life Approach
209
17
Notch Stresses and Strains
210
2
Neuber's Rule
212
3
Strain Energy Density or Glinka's Rule
215
2
Plane Stress versus Plane Strain
217
1
Example of Life Estimation Using the Strain-Life Approach
218
8
Applications of Fracture Mechanics to Crack Growth at Notches
226
5
The Two-Stage Approach to Fatigue Life Estimation
231
3
Summary
234
2
Dos and Don'ts in Design
236
7
References
237
2
Problems
239
4
Residual Stresses And Their Effects On Fatigue Resistance
243
27
Examples
243
2
Production of Residual Stresses and Fatigue Resistance
245
12
Mechanical Methods
245
7
Thermal Methods
252
2
Plating
254
2
Machining
256
1
Relaxation of Residual Stresses
257
2
Measurement of Residual Stresses
259
2
Stress Intensity Factors for Residual Stresses
261
3
Summary
264
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
265
5
References
266
1
Problems
267
3
Fatigue From Variable Amplitude Loading
270
48
Spectrum Loads and Cumulative Damage
270
4
Damage Quantification and the Concepts of Damage Fraction and Accumulation
274
1
Cumulative Damage Theories
274
3
Palmgren-Miner Liner Damage Rule
274
3
Nonlinear Damage Theories
277
1
Load Interaction and Sequence Effects
277
4
Cycle Counting Methods
281
10
Rainflow Method
282
4
Other Cycle Counting Methods
286
5
Life Estimation Using the Stress-Life Approach
291
4
Life Estimation Using the Strain-Life Approach
295
4
Crack Growth and Life Estimation Models
299
9
Simulating Service Histories in the Laboratory and Digital Prototyping
308
3
Laboratory Test Methods
308
2
Digital Prototyping
310
1
Summary
311
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
312
6
References
313
2
Problems
315
3
Multiaxial Stresses
318
26
States of Stress and Strain and Proportional versus Nonproportional Loading
319
1
Yielding and Plasticity in Multiaxial Fatigue
320
3
Stress-Based Criteria
323
5
Equivalent Stress Approaches
323
2
Sines Method
325
1
Examples Using the Stress-Life Approach
326
2
Strain-Based, Energy-Based, and Critical Plane Approaches
328
9
Strain-Based and Energy-Based Approaches
328
1
Critical Plane Approaches and the Fatemi-Socie Model
329
4
Example of Nonproportional Loading
333
4
Fracture Mechanics Models for Fatigue Crack Growth
337
1
Notch Effects and Variable Amplitude Loading
338
1
Summary
339
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
340
4
References
341
1
Problems
342
2
Environmental Effects
344
57
Corrosion Fatigue
345
11
Stress Corrosion Cracking/Environment-Assisted Cracking
345
2
Stress-Life (S-N) Behavior
347
3
Strain-Life (ϵ-N) Behavior
350
1
Fatigue Crack Growth (da/dN-δK) Behavior
351
2
Protection Against Corrosion Fatigue
353
2
Corrosion Fatigue Life Estimation
355
1
Summary
355
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
356
1
Fretting Fatigue
356
8
Mechanisms of Fretting Fatigue
359
2
Influence of Variables
361
2
Summary
363
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
363
1
Low-Temperature Fatigue
364
9
Monotonic Behavior at Low Temperature
364
1
Stress-life (S-N) Behavior
365
1
Strain-life (ϵ-N) Behavior
366
2
Fatigue Crack Growth (da/dN-δK) Behavior
368
2
Variable Amplitude Behavior and Fatigue Life Estimation
370
2
Summary
372
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
372
1
High-Temperature Fatigue
373
18
Creep Deformation
374
1
Stress-Strain Behavior Under Cyclic Loading and Hold Times
375
1
Stress-life (S-N) Creep Behavior
376
5
Strain-life (ϵ-N) Behavior
381
5
Fatigue Crack Growth (da/dN-δK) Behavior
386
5
Summary
391
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
391
1
Neutron Irradiation
391
10
References
394
5
Problems
399
2
Fatigue Of Weldments
401
27
Weldment Nomenclature and Discontinuities
402
4
Constant Amplitude Fatigue Behavior of Weldments
406
6
Stress-Life (S-N) Behavior
406
2
Strain-Life (ϵ-N) Behavior
408
1
Crack Growth (da/dN-δK) Behavior
409
3
Spot Welds
412
1
Improving Weldment Fatigue Resistance
412
2
Weldment fatigue Life Estimation
414
9
General Weldment Fatigue Life Models
414
2
Weldment Fatigue Design Codes and Standards
416
7
Summary
423
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
424
4
References
424
2
Problems
426
2
Statistical Aspects of Fatigue
428
19
Definitions and Quantification of Data Scatter
429
1
Probability Distributions
429
7
Normal and Log-Normal Distributions
430
3
Weibull Distributions
433
2
Estimating Low Probabilities of Failure
435
1
Tolerance Limits
436
2
Regression Analysis of Fatigue Data
438
2
Reliability Analysis
440
1
Example Problem Using the Weibull Distribution
441
2
Summary
443
1
Dos and Don'ts in Design
443
4
References
444
1
Problems
444
3
APPENDIX MATERIAL PROPERTIES
447
10
Table A.1 Monotonic Tensile Properties and Fully Reversed, Bending Unnotched Fatigue Limits, Sf, of Selected Engineering Alloys
448
2
Table A.2 Monotonic, Cyclic, and Strain-Life Properties of Selected Engineering Alloys
450
2
Table A.3 Plane Strain Fracture Toughness, KIc, for Selected Engineering Alloys (Plate Stock, L-T Direction Unless Otherwise Specified)
452
2
Table A.4 Fatigue Crack Growth Threshold, sδKth, for Selected Engineering Alloys
454
1
Table A.5 Corrosion Fatigue Behavior in Water or Salt Water for Life ≤107 Cycles for Selected Engineering Alloys
455
2
Author Index
457
8
Subject Index
465