Foreword

SECTION I. Liposomes in medicine

1.1. General introduction

Danilo D. Lasic

Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

1.2. Liposome research in drug delivery and targeting: thoughts of an early participant

Gregory Gregoriadis

SECTION II. Stimulation of immune response and vaccination

2.1. Class I presentation of liposomal antigens

Mangala Rao

Carl R. Alving

2.2. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, liposomes and antigen presentation

Lee Leserman

Nicolas Barois

2.3. Systemic activation of macrophages by liposomes containing synthetic immunomodulators for treatment of metastatic disease

Laura L. Worth

Isaiah J. Fidler

Eugenie S. Kleinermann

2.4. DNA vaccination: A role for liposomes

Gregory Gregoriadis

Brenda McCormack

Yvonne Perrie

Roghieh Saffie

2.5. "Virosomes", a new liposome-like vaccine delivery system

Reinhard Gluck

Alfred Wegmann

2.6. Liposomes and virosomes as immunoadjuvant and antigen-carrier systems in vaccine formulations

Toos Daemen

Aalzen De Haan

Annemarie Arkema

Jan Wilschut

2.7. Theoretical basis for development of liposomes as carriers of vaccines

Carl R. Alving

SECTION III. Infectious diseases

3.1. The development of liposomal amphotericin B: An historical perspective

Kishor M. Wasan

Gabriel Lopez-Berestein

3.2. Long-circulating liposomes containing antibacterial and antifungal agents

Irma A.J.M. Bakker-Woudenberg

Els W.M. van Etten

3.3 Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections by liposome-encapsulated drugs

Nejat Duzgunes

SECTION IV. Cancer therapy

4.1. Cancer therapy -- Introduction and general strategies

Danilo D. Lasic

Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

4.2. Designing therapeutically optimized liposomal anticancer delivery systems: Lessons from conventional liposomes

Lawrence D. Mayer

Pieter R. Cullis

Marcel B. Bally

4.3. Pharmacologic advantages of anthracyclines encapsulated in polyethylene-glycol coated Stealth liposomes: Potential for tumor targeting

Dorit Goren

Alberto Gabizon

4.4. Cellular distribution of Doxil(R) within selected tissues, assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy

Jan Vaage

Dorothy Donovan

Peter Working

Paul Uster

4.5. Liposomes as carriers of lipophilic antitumor agents

Roman Perez-Soler

Yiyu Zou

4.6. Targeted sterically stabilized liposomal drug delivery

Theresa M. Allen

Christian B. Hansen

Darrin D. Stuart

4.7. Targeting of sterically stabilized liposomes to cancers overexpressing HER2/neu proto-oncogene

Dmitri B. Kirpotin

John W. Park

Keelung Hong

Yi Shao

Gail Colbern

Wei-wen Zheng

Olivier Meyer

Christopher C. Benz

Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

SECTION V. Gene therapy

5.1. Liposomes and gene delivery -- a perspective

Claude Nicolau

Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

5.2. Cationic liposomes, DNA and gene delivery

Danilo D. Lasic

David Ruff

5.3. Cationic liposome-DNA complexes in gene therapy

Soumendu Bhattacharya

Leaf Huang

5.4. Ultrastructural morphology of cationic liposome-DNA complexes for gene therapy

Brigitte Sternberg

5.5. Liposomal antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics

Martin C. Woodle

Lee Leserman

SECTION VI. Other applications

6.1. Other applications -- Introduction

Danilo D. Lasic

Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

6.2. Artificial lung expanding compound (ALEC[TM])

Alec D. Bangham

6.3. Pulmonary applications of liposomes

Hans Schreier

6.4. Toxicity of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: Effect of liposomal membrane composition on host defense, platelet activation and hemostases during laminar shear flow

J. Jato

R. Beissinger

S. Zheng

V. Shankey

J. Fareed

R. Sherwood

D. McCormick

D. Lasic

F. Martin

6.5. Developing uses of topical liposomes: Delivery of biologically active macromolecules

Norman Weiner

Linda Lieb

6.6. Liposomes as carriers of contrast agents for in vivo diagnostics

Vladimir P. Torchilin

SECTION VII. Industrial manufacturing and pre-clinical testing

7.1. Design of liposome-based drug carriers: From basic research to application as approved drugs

Yechezkel Barenholz

7.2. Strategies for large scale production and optimized stability of pharmaceutical liposomes developed for parenteral use

E.C.A. van Winden

N.J. Zuidam

D.J.A. Crommelin

7.3. Pre-clinical studies of lipid-complexed and liposomal drugs: AMPHOTEC(R) DOXIL(R) and SPI-77

Peter K. Working

SECTION VIII. Clinical testing of liposome pharmaceuticals

8.1. Clinical trials of liposomes as carriers of chemotherapeutic agents: Synopsis and perspective

Alberto A. Gabizon

8.2. Clinical pharmacology and antitumor efficacy of DOXIL (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin): Sequus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Francis J. Martin

8.3. The Liposome Company: Lipid-based pharmaceuticals in clinical development

Christine E. Swenson

Jeffrey Freitag

Andrew S. Janoff

8.4. Unilamellar liposomes for anticancer and antifungal therapy: NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Paul G. Schmidt

Jill P. Adler-Moore

Eric A. Forssen

Richard T. Proffitt

8.5. Medical applications of multivesicular lipid-based particles: DepoFoam(TM) encapsulated drugs, DepoTech, Inc.

Judith H. Senior

SECTION IX. Future prospects

9.1. Future of liposome applications: Serendipity vs design

Demetrios Papahadjopoulos

Danilo D. Lasic

Appendix 1. List of abbreviations

Appendix 2. Primary amino acids

List of contributors

Subject index