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Tables of Contents for Peasants and Religion
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of figures
xii
Preface
xvi
Acknowledgements
xx
Some Spanish and Creole words that appear in the text
xxi
Map of the Dominican Republic
xxv
Map of the Olivorista heartland
xxvi
Introduction
1
30
The subject
2
1
The local scene
3
2
A plausible story
5
3
Peasants and outsiders
8
5
The problem of oral transmission
13
2
The hidden Transcript
15
2
The spiritual sphere
17
2
Religion in peasant society: a local phenomenon
19
6
The socioeconomic context: the failure to inculturate capitalism
25
2
The scene of modernization
27
4
PART I The events
31
222
Olivorio Mateo: the life and death of a peasant god, 1908--22
33
90
A strange savior
33
1
The source material: myth and reality
34
5
The field laborer
39
8
The great storm
47
1
The three signs
48
12
The cult site
60
2
The thaumaturge
62
3
Promiscuity?
65
4
Life within Olivorio's community
69
6
Olivorio's teachings
75
4
The followers of Olivorio
79
6
The Olivorista dress
85
3
Olivorio and the Americans
88
15
The Haitian connection
103
9
On the run
112
2
Olivorio and urban residents
114
3
The death of Olivorio
117
4
The heritage of Olivorio
121
2
Interlude: the survival of Olivorismo, 1922--61
123
48
The occupation and the San Juan elite: resistance and collaboration
124
3
The Yanquis and the Olivoristas
127
1
Departure of the Americans and return of the caudillos
128
6
The San Juan Valley under President Vasquez: `The principality of the Ramirezes'
134
3
The survival of the cult
137
6
The rise of Trujillo and the subjugation of the Ramirezes
143
10
Trujillo's initial attacks on the Olivoristas
153
3
The Dominicanization of the San Juan Valley
156
5
The Ramirezes under Trujillo
161
5
Trujillo and the Olivoristas
166
5
Palma Sola: the revival of Olivorismo, 1961-62
171
82
Olivorio resurrected: the twins of Palma Sola
172
7
The foundation and organization of Palma Sola
179
14
The road to the massacre
193
28
The massacre
221
16
After the massacre
237
16
PART II The myth
253
62
Olivorista lore
255
60
Folklore
256
9
A magical environment
265
4
Olivorista salves
269
7
The great code
276
3
A legendary life of Olivorio
279
19
The salves and the theology of Palma Sola
298
7
The violent message: sectarians and outsiders
305
1
The hidden transcript of Olivorismo
306
3
Conclusions
309
1
Appendix: Jonestown and Palma Sola
310
5
PART III The causes
315
286
Popular religion in the Dominican Republic and its influence on Olivorismo
317
66
The Indian presence in Dominican popular religion
319
14
The religion of the conquistadores
333
6
The cofradias: an Afro-European fusion
339
14
Other expressions of popular religion in the Dominican Republic reflected in Olivorismo
353
24
Rural prophets in the Dominican Republic
377
4
Conclusions
381
2
Economic and political changes in the San Juan Valley, 1503--1922
383
110
The San Juan Valley
384
6
The economy: the early years
390
8
In the doldrums
398
6
The creation of a trade pattern
404
4
Consolidation of the pattern
408
9
Land tenure: the rise of the terrenos comuneros
417
3
Destruction of the cattle economy
420
5
The Haitian occupation: the rise of a peasantry
425
6
The late nineteenth century
431
6
Property rights in land
437
5
Socioeconomic changes: the sugar industry
442
5
Changes in the Southwest
447
6
The border problem
453
7
Surveying the land
460
9
Political chaos and anarchy: the crisis of caudillismo
469
6
War and occupation
475
2
The gavilleros
477
5
A social bandit
482
3
Olivorio's appeal
485
4
Who killed Olivorio?
489
4
A new era: economic change, politics and Palma Sola, 1922--63
493
67
The American heritage
493
6
The Vasquez years: irrigation and colonization
499
5
The Dominican economy under Trujillo
504
7
The San Juan Valley under Trujillo
511
9
The seccion of Carrera de Yeguas at the beginning of the 1960s
520
2
Local politics and Palma Sola
522
11
National politics and Palma Sola
533
27
Justifying a massacre: official religion and ideology in the Dominican Republic, 1492--1962
560
41
The condemnation of Palma Sola
561
3
True Spaniards versus Ethiopian vices
564
2
The Dominican church and the Spanish crown
566
3
`Negroes' and Indians'
569
3
The black `menace' from the west
572
3
Voodoo as the ultimate threat to Hispanidad
575
5
El Jefe and his crusade against voodoo
580
6
The Catholic church and its Benefactor
586
9
The changing attitude of the church
595
6
PART IV The wider context
601
120
Prophets, messiahs and gods: Olivorismo in a universal context
603
67
Was Olivorio a charismatic leader?
604
2
El Gran Poder de Dios
606
14
The illiterate message
620
3
Thaumaturges
623
7
Prophet, messiah or god?
630
21
The taxonomy problem
651
6
The spirit of the place: La Maguana and Palma Sola as hierophany
657
3
Communitas
660
4
Pilgrimages
664
3
Conclusions
667
3
Conclusions
670
51
Biography
671
2
The emergence of a folk religion
673
1
The creation of a myth
674
1
The economics of continuity and change
675
3
The border: trade and prejudice
678
2
The political dimension
680
1
Topdogs, underdogs and social bandits
681
3
The right time and the right place but the wrong men
684
1
The global context
685
5
Epilogue, 1963--90
Bosch, Imbert, Caamano and the 1965 civil war
690
12
Some other actors
702
1
The survivors
703
4
Bosch, Balaguer and the Olivoristas
707
11
Conclusions
718
3
References
721
38
Index
759