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Tables of Contents for Sources of the Western Tradition
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
Part One: The Ancient World
1
190
The Near East
1
26
Mesopotamian Protest Against Death
3
4
Epic of Gilgamesh
4
3
A Pessimistic View of Life
7
2
Mesopotamian Wisdom Literature
7
2
Mesopotamian Concepts of Justice
9
4
Code of Hammurabi
10
3
Divine Kingship in Egypt
13
2
Hymns to the Pharaohs
13
1
Guidelines for the Ruler
14
1
Religious Inspiration of Akhenaten
15
2
Hymn to Aton
15
2
Love, Passion, and Misogyny in Ancient Egypt
17
2
Love Poetry
17
1
The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq
18
1
Empire Builders
19
3
The Assyrian Empire: Inscription of Tiglathpileser I
19
1
The Persian Empire: Inscriptions of Cyrus and Darius I
20
2
The Myth-making Outlook of the Ancient Near East
22
5
Personification of Natural Objects
23
1
Enuma elish: The Babylonian Genesis
24
1
Lament for Ur: The Gods and Human Destiny
25
2
The Hebrews
27
16
Hebrew Cosmogony and Anthropology
29
4
Genesis
29
4
The Covenant and the Ten Commandments
33
1
Exodus: The Covenant
33
1
Exodus: The Ten Commandments
33
1
Humaneness of Hebrew Law
34
3
Leviticus: Neighbor and Community
35
1
Deutreronomy: Judges, Witnesses, and Justice
35
2
The Age of Classical Prophecy
37
2
Amos and Isaiah: Social Justice
37
1
Isaiah: Peace and Humanity
38
1
The Problem of Undeserved Suffering
39
4
Book of Job
39
4
The Greeks
43
58
Homer: The Educator of Greece
46
3
Homer: The Iliad
47
2
Early Greek Philosophy: The Emancipation of Thought from Myth
49
3
Aristotle: Thales of Miletus
49
1
Anaximander
50
1
Aristotle: Pythagoras
51
1
The Expansion of Reason
52
3
Hippocrates: The Sacred Disease: The Separation of Medicine from Myth
52
1
Thucydides: Method of Historical Inquiry
53
1
Critias: Religion as a Human Invention
54
1
Humanism
55
2
Pindar: The Pursuit of Excellence
56
1
Sophocles: Antigone ``Man the Skilled, the Brilliant''
56
1
The Persian Wars
57
3
Herodotus: The Histories
57
3
Greek Drama
60
5
Sophocles: Antigone
60
5
Athenian Greatness
65
3
Thucydides: The Funeral Oration of Pericles
66
2
The Status of Women in Classical Greek Society
68
5
Xenophon: Oeconomicus
68
1
Aristophanes: Lysistrata
69
4
The Peloponnesian War
73
6
Thucydides: The Melian Dialogue and the Revolution at Corcyra
74
5
Socrates: The Rational Individual
79
4
Plato: The Apology
79
4
Plato: The Philosopher-King
83
6
Plato: The Republic
83
6
Aristotle: Science, Politics, and Ethics
89
5
Aristotle: History of Animals, Politics, and Nicomachean Ethics
89
5
Hellenistic Philosophy: Epicureanism
94
2
Epicurus: The Prudent Pursuit of Pleasure
95
1
Greek Culture and the Jews in the Hellenistic Age
96
5
First Book of Maccabees: Jewish Resistance to Forced Hellenization
97
1
Philo of Alexandria: Appreciation of Greek Culture and synthesis of Reason and Revelation
98
3
The Roman Republic
101
28
Rome's March to World Empire
102
3
Polybius: The Roman Army
103
2
The Punic Wars
105
4
Livy: the Second Punic War: The Threat from Hannibal
105
2
Appian of Alexandria: The Third Punic War: The Destruction of Carthage
107
2
Exploitation of the Provinces
109
2
Cicero: Oration Against Verres
109
2
Roman Slavery
111
4
Diodorus Siculus: Slaves: Torment and Revolt
112
3
Women in Republican Society
115
4
Livy: Cato Protests Against the Demands of Roman Women
115
2
Quintus Lucretius Vespillo: A Funeral Eulogy for a Roman Wife
117
2
Tiberius Gracchus and the Crisis in Agriculture
119
2
Plutarch: Tiberius Gracchus
119
2
The Decline of the Republic
121
3
Sallust: The Conspiracy of Catiline
121
3
Cicero: Statesman and Philosopher
124
2
Cicero: Advocate of Stoicism
124
2
The Meaning of Caesar's Assassination
126
3
Cicero: Justifying the Assassination
126
1
Dio Cassius: In Defense of Caesar and Monarchy
127
2
The Roman Empire
129
37
The Imperial Office
131
3
Augustus: The Achievements of the Divine Augustus
132
1
Tacitus: The Imposition of One-Man Rule
133
1
Imperial Culture
134
6
Virgil: The Aeneid
135
1
Quintilian: The Education of the Orator
135
3
Juvenal: The Satires
138
2
Roman Stoicism
140
6
Seneca: The Moral Epistles
141
2
Marcus Aurelius: Meditations
143
3
Roman Law
146
2
Justinian: Corpus Iuris Civilis
146
2
Provincial Administration
148
4
Correspondence Between Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan
148
4
The Roman Peace
152
6
Aelius Aristides: The Roman Oration: The Blessings of the Pax Romana
152
2
Tacitus: The Other Side of the Pax Romana
154
1
Josephus: Resistance to Roman Rule in Judea
155
3
Third-Century Crisis
158
3
Dio Cassius: Caracalla's Extortions
158
1
Petition to Emperor Philip
159
1
Herodian: Extortions of Maximinus
160
1
The Demise of Rome
161
5
Salvian: Political and Social Injustice
161
2
Jerome: The Fate of Rome
163
1
Pope Gregory I: The End of Roman Glory
164
2
Early Christianity
166
25
The Teachings of Jesus
168
3
The Gospel According to Saint Mark
168
1
The Gospel According to Saint Matthew
169
2
Saint Paul's View of Jesus, His Mission, and His Teaching
171
2
The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians
171
1
The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
172
1
Christianity and society
173
2
Athenagoras: Sexuality and Family Life
174
1
The Persecutions
175
3
Persecutions at Lyons and Vienne
176
2
Christianity and Greco-Roman Learning
178
2
Tertullian: What Has Jerusalem to Do with Athens?
178
1
Clement of Alexandria: In Defense of Greek Learning
179
1
Monastic Life
180
4
Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Benedictine Rule
181
3
The Christian World-View
184
7
Saint Augustine: The City of God
185
3
Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Christian Way of Life
188
1
Pope Gelasius I: Church and State
189
2
Part Two: The Middle Ages
191
88
The Early Middle Ages
191
27
Islam
193
4
Muhammad: The Koran
194
3
Preservation of Ancient Learning in the East
197
3
Theophylact Simocattes: The Value of Reason and History
197
1
Avicenna: Love of Learning
198
2
Converting the Germanic Peoples to Christianity
200
6
Bede: History of the English Church and People
201
2
Saint Boniface: Sacred Mission to Germany
203
2
Einhard: Forcible Conversion Under Charlemagne
205
1
The Transmission of Learning
206
2
Cassiodorus: The Monk as Scribe
207
1
The Carolingian Renaissance
208
3
Einhard: Charlemagne's Appreciation of Learning
209
1
Charlemagne: An Injunction to Monasteries to Cultivate Letters
210
1
The Feudal Lord: Vassal and Warrior
211
3
Galbert of Bruges: Commendation and the Oath of Fealty
212
1
Fulber, Bishop of Chartres: Obligations of Lords and Vassals
213
1
Bertran de Born: In Praise of Combat
213
1
The Burdens of Serfdom
214
4
The Customs of the Manor of Darnhall
215
3
The High and Late Middle Ages
218
61
The Revival of Trade and the Growth of Towns
221
4
How to Succeed in Business
221
2
Ordinances of the Guild Merchant of Southampton
223
2
Theological Basis for Papal Power
225
3
Pope Gregory VII: The Second Letter to Bishop Herman of Metz and the Dictatus Papae
225
3
The First Crusade
228
2
Robert the Monk: Appeal of Urban II to the Franks
229
1
Religious Dissent
230
5
Bernard Gui: the Waldensian Teachings
231
2
Emperor Frederick II: Heretics: Enemies of God and Humanity
233
2
Medieval Learning: Synthesis of Reason and Christian Faith
235
5
Peter Abelard: Inquiry into Divergent Views of Church Fathers
235
1
Saint Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles
236
4
Medieval Universities
240
4
John of Salisbury: On the Liberal Arts
240
2
What Is a Scholar?
242
1
Geoffrey Chaucer: An Oxford Cleric
242
1
Student Letters
243
1
The Jews in the Middle Ages
244
5
Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle: Massacre of the Jews of Mainz
245
1
A Decree by Pope Innocent III
246
1
The Libel of Ritual Murder
246
1
Maimonides: Jewish Learning
247
2
Troubadour Love Songs
249
3
Love as Joyous, Painful, and Humorous
250
2
The Status of Women in Medieval Society
252
7
Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer: Antifemale Prejudices
252
2
Christine de Pisan: The City of Ladies
254
3
A Merchant of Paris: On Love and Marriage
257
2
Medieval Contributions to the Tradition of Liberty
259
5
John of Salisbury: Policraticus: A Defense of Tyrannicide
260
1
Magna Carta
260
2
Edward I of England: Writs of Summons to Parliament
262
2
Fourteenth-Century Pestilence
264
3
Jean de Venette: The Black Death
265
2
Lower-Class Rebellions
267
3
Sir John Froissart: The Peasant Revolt of 1381
267
3
The Medieval World-View
270
9
Lothario dei Segni (Pope Innocent III): On the Misery of the Human Condition
270
2
Dante Alighieri: The Divine Comedy
272
5
Van Eyck: The Last Judgment
277
2
Part Three: Early Modern Europe
279
1
The Renaissance
279
2
The Humanists' Fascination with Antiquity
281
1
Petrarch: The Father of Humanism
282
1
Leonardo Bruni: Study of Greek Literature and A Humanist Educational Program
283
2
Human Dignity
285
1
Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man
286
2
Break with Medieval Political Theory
288
1
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince
288
3
Renaissance Florence
291
1
Francesco Guicciardini: The Greatness of Lorenzo de Medici
292
1
Benedetto Dei: Florence, 1472
293
1
Renaissance Art
294
1
Leon Battista Alberti: On Painting
294
2
Leonardo da Vinci: Art and Science
296
3
The Spread of the Renaissance
299
1
Francois Rabelais: Celebration of the Worldly Life
299
2
William Shakespeare: Human Nature and the Human Condition
301
4
The Reformation
305
3
Late Medieval Attempts to Reform the Church
308
1
Thomas a Kempis: The Imitation of Christ
308
2
A Catholic Critic of the Church
310
1
Desiderius Erasmus: In Praise of Folly
311
2
The Lutheran Reformation
313
1
Martin Luther: On Papal Power, Justification by Faith, the interpretation of the Bible, and The Nature of the Clergy
314
4
The German Peasants' Revolt
318
1
The Twelve Articles
318
1
Martin Luther: Against the Peasants
319
1
Luther and the Jews
320
1
Martin Luther: On the Jews and Their Lies
321
1
The Calvinist Reformation
322
1
John Calvin: The Institutes, Ecclesiastical Ordinances, and The Obedience Owed Rulers
323
4
The Catholic Response to Protestantism
327
1
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent
327
3
Saint Ignatius Loyola: The Spiritual Exercises
330
3
Early Modern Society and Politics
333
2
The Age of Exploration and Conquest
335
1
Bernal Diaz del Castillo: The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico
336
4
Toward the Modern Economy: The Example of Holland
340
1
John Keymer: Dutch Trade and Commerce as a Model
340
3
William Carr: Capitalism in Amsterdam
343
3
The Atlantic Slave Trade
346
1
Seventeenth-Century Slave Traders: Buying and Transporting Africans
346
3
Olaudah Equiano: Memoirs of a Former Slave
349
2
The Witch Craze
351
1
Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer: The Hammer of Witches
352
2
Johannes Junius: A Confession of Witchcraft Explained
354
1
Nicholas Malebranche: Search after Truth
355
2
Justification of Absolute Monarchy by Divine Right
357
1
James I: True Law of Free Monarchies and A Speech to Parliament
358
1
The Court of Louis XIV
359
1
Duc de Saint-Simon: An Assessment of Louis XIV
359
3
Liselotte von der Pfalz (Elizabeth Charlotte d'Orleans): A Sketch of Court Life
362
3
Constitutional Resistance Royal Absolutism
365
1
Philippe du Plessis-Mornay: Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants
366
3
A Secular Defense of Absolutism
369
1
Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan
370
2
The Triumph of Constitutional Monarchy in England: The Glorious Revolution
372
1
The English Declaration of Rights
373
3
The Scientific Revolution
376
3
The Copernican Revolution
379
1
Nicolaus Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
379
3
Cardinal Bellarmine: Attack on the Copernican Theory
382
1
Expanding the New Astronomy
383
1
Galileo Galilei: The Starry Messenger
383
2
Critique of Authority
385
1
Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina and Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems---Ptolemaic and Copernican
386
3
Prophet of Modern Science
389
1
Francis Bacon: Attack on Authority and Advocacy of Experimental science
390
2
The Circulation of the Blood
392
1
William Harvey: The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals
392
2
The Autonomy of the Mind
394
1
Rene Descartes: Discourse on Method
395
3
The Mechanical Universe
398
1
Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica
398
3
The Enlightnment
401
2
The Enlightenment Outlook
403
1
Immanuel Kant: What Is Enlightenment?
403
2
Political Liberty
405
1
John Locke: Second Treatise on Government
405
2
Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence
407
1
Attack on the Old Regime
408
1
Voltaire: A Plea for Tolerance and Reason
409
3
Attack on Religion
412
1
Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason
413
1
Baron d'Holbach: Good Sense
414
2
Epistemology and Education
416
1
John Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding
416
2
John Locke: Some thoughts Concerning Education
418
2
Claude Helvetius: Essays on the Mind and A Treatise on Man
420
2
Jean Jacques Rousseau: Emile
422
2
Compendium of Knowledge
424
1
Denis Diderot: Encyclopedia
424
3
Rousseau: Political Reform
427
1
Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract
427
4
Judicial and Penal Reform
431
1
Caesare Beccaria: On Crime and Punishments
431
1
John Howard: Prisons in England and Wales
432
2
On the Progress of Humanity
434
1
Marquis de Condorcet: The Evils of Slavery
434
2
Marquis de Condorcet: Progress of the Human Mind
436