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Tables of Contents for Earth and Its Peoples
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Maps
xii
Environment & Technology Features
xiii
Voices & Visions Features
xiii
Preface
xv
About the Authors
xxi
Note on Spelling and Usage
xxii
PART SIX Revolutions Reshape the World, 1750-1870
649
144
The Industrial Revolution, 1760-1870
652
26
Britain: A Society Open to Innovation
653
1
The Technological Revolution
654
6
The New Manufactures
655
3
The Energy Revolution
658
1
Transportation and Communications
658
2
The Industrial Revolution Spreads
660
5
Western Europe
662
1
The United States
662
3
Environmental Impact of the Industrial Revolution
665
3
The Urban Environment
665
2
Rural Environments in Britain and Western Europe
667
1
Environmental Changes in the United States
668
1
The Social Transformation
668
3
Population
668
1
Working Conditions
669
1
Changes in Society
670
1
Ideological and Political Responses to Industrialization
671
3
Laissez Faire and Its Critics
671
1
Positivists and Utopian Socialists
672
1
Protests and Reforms
672
2
Industrialization and the Nonindustrial World Before 1870
674
2
Russia
674
1
Egypt
674
1
India
675
1
Conclusion
676
1
Suggested Reading
676
1
Note
677
1
Revolutionary Changes to the Old Order, 1750-1850
678
28
Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth-Century Crisis
679
5
Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises
680
1
The Cultural Crisis of the Old Order
680
3
Folk Cultures and Popular Protest
683
1
The American Revolution
684
6
Frontiers and Taxes
684
2
The Course of Revolution
686
2
The Construction of Republican Institutions
688
2
The French Revolution
690
9
French Society and Fiscal Crisis
690
2
Protest Turns to Revolution
692
2
The Terror
694
1
Reaction and Dictatorship
695
4
Revolution Spreads, Conservatives Respond
699
5
The Haitian Revolution
700
2
The Congress of Vienna and Conservative Retrenchment
702
1
Nationalism, Reform, and Revolution
702
2
Conclusion
704
1
Suggested Reading
705
1
Note
705
1
Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890
706
29
Independence in Latin America
707
4
Roots of Revolution
708
1
Spanish South America
708
2
Mexico
710
1
Brazil
711
1
The Problem of Order
711
9
Constitutional Experiments
711
1
Personalist Leaders
712
1
The Threat of Regionalism
713
3
Foregin Interventions and Regional Wars
716
1
Native Peoples and the Nation-State
717
3
The Challenge of Economic and Social Change
720
13
Abolition
720
2
Immigration
722
3
American Cultures
725
1
Women's Rights and the Struggle for Social Justice
726
1
Development and Underdevelopment
727
3
Altered Environments
730
3
Conclusion
733
1
Suggested Reading
733
1
Notes
734
1
Africa, India, and New British Empire, 1750-1870
735
29
Changes and Exchanges in Africa
736
10
New States in Southern and Inland West Africa
737
2
Modernization and Expansion in Egypt and Ethiopia
739
1
European Invaders and Explorers
740
2
Abolition and Legitimate Trade in Coastal West Africa
742
2
Slaves and Secondary Empires in Eastern Africa
744
2
India Under Company Rule
746
7
Company Men
746
2
The Raj and the Rebellion, 1818-1857
748
3
Political Reform and Industrial Impact, 1858-1900
751
1
Rising Indian Nationalism, 1828-1900
752
1
Britain's Eastern Empire
753
9
Colonial Rivalries and Trading Networks
753
2
Imperial Policies and Shipping
755
2
Colonization of Australia and New Zealand
757
3
New Labor Migrations
760
2
Conclusion
762
1
Suggested Reading
762
1
Notes
763
1
The Ottoman Empire and East Asia, 1800-1870
764
29
The Ottoman Empire and the European Model
766
9
Early Struggles for Reform
768
1
The Tanzimat Reforms
769
1
Army and Society in the Tanzimat
770
1
The Crimean War
771
2
European Patronage and Economic Decline
773
2
The Qing Empire and Foreign Coercion
775
11
Economic and Social Disorder
775
2
The Opium War
777
2
European Pressures and Privileges
779
1
The Taiping Rebellion
780
4
Internal and External Restructuring
784
2
Japan, from Shogunate to Empire
786
4
Collapse of the Shogunate
786
2
The ``Meiji Restoration''
788
2
Conclusion
790
1
Suggested Reading
791
2
PART SEVEN Global Dominance and Diversity, 1850-1945
793
149
The New Power Balance, 1850-1914
796
31
New Technologies and the World Economy
797
5
The Steel and Chemical Industries
797
2
Electricity
799
2
Shipping and Telegraph Cables
801
1
Railroads
801
1
World Trade and Finance
802
1
Social Transformations
802
5
Population and Migrations
802
1
Urbanization and Social Structures
803
3
Labor Movements and Socialist Politics
806
1
Women and Gender Relations in the Victorian Age
807
3
Upper-and Middle-Class Women
807
2
Working-Class Women
809
1
Nationalism and the Unification of Germany
810
5
Language and National Identity Before 1871
810
3
The Unification of Germany
813
1
Nationalism After 1871
813
2
The Great Powers of Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century
815
2
Germany at the Center of Europe
815
1
The Liberal Powers: France and Great Britain
815
1
The Conservative Powers: Russia and Austria-Hungary
816
1
Great Powers Overseas
817
8
The United States
817
3
China and Japan
820
5
Conclusion
825
1
Suggested Reading
825
1
Note
826
1
The New Imperialism, 1869-1914
827
28
The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods
828
5
Political Motives
829
1
Cultural Motives
829
1
Economic Motives
830
1
The Tools of the Imperialists
831
1
Colonial Agents and Administration
832
1
The Scramble for Africa
833
8
Egypt
834
1
Western and Equatorial Africa
835
3
Southern Africa
838
1
Political and Social Consequences
839
2
Cultural Responses
841
1
Asia and Western Dominance
841
6
Central Asia
843
1
Southeast Asia and Indonesia
843
3
Hawaii and the Philippines
846
1
Imperialism in Latin America
847
3
Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade
847
1
American Expansion and the Spanish-American War
848
2
American Intervention in the Caribbean and Central America
850
1
The World Economy and Tropical Environments
850
3
Expansion of the World Economy
850
1
Transformation of Tropical Environments
851
2
Conclusion
853
1
Suggested Reading
853
1
Notes
854
1
The First World War and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929
855
29
Causes of the ``Great War''
856
2
The Spread of Nationalism
856
1
Alliances and Military Plans
857
1
War in the West
858
8
Stalemate, 1914-1917
858
4
The Home Front and the War Economy
862
2
The Last Years of the War, 1917-1918
864
1
Peace Treaties
864
2
War and Revolution in Russia
866
4
Russia at War
866
1
Double Revolution
867
1
Civil War and Communist Victory
868
1
Lenin and the New Economic Policy
869
1
War in the Middle East and Africa
870
3
The Middle East in 1914
870
1
The Ottoman Empire at War
870
1
Africa and the War
871
2
Europe and America in the Twenties
873
5
An Ephemeral Peace, 1919-1929
874
1
Social Changes
874
1
Technology and Mass Consumption
875
2
Science and Culture
877
1
The Environment Transformed
878
1
Aftermath of War in the Middle East
878
4
Recasting Colonialism: The Mandate System
878
1
The Rise of Modern Turkey
879
1
Arab Lands and the Question of Palestine
880
1
Social Change in the Middle East
880
2
Conclusion
882
1
Suggested Reading
882
2
The Depression and the Second World War, 1929-1945
884
29
The Depression
885
3
Economic Crisis
885
1
Depression in Industrial Nations
886
1
Depression in Nonindustrial Regions
886
2
The Stalin Revolution
888
3
Five-Year Plans
888
1
Collectivization of Agriculture
888
2
Terror and Opportunities
890
1
Japan Goes to War
891
3
Japan from 1914 to 1931
891
2
The Manchurian Incident of 1931
893
1
War with China
893
1
Fascism in Europe
894
5
Mussolini's Italy
894
1
Hitler's Germany
895
1
The Road to War, 1933-1939
896
3
The Second World War
899
6
The War of Movement
899
1
War in Europe and North Africa
899
1
War in Asia and the Pacific
900
3
The End of the War and Its Human Cost
903
2
The Character of Warfare
905
6
The War of Science
905
1
Bombing Raids
905
2
The Holocaust
907
1
The Home Front in Europe and Asia
908
1
The Home Front in the United States
909
1
War and the Environment
909
2
Conclusion
911
1
Suggested Reading
911
1
Note
912
1
Revolutions and National Independence, 1900-1950
913
29
Zenith and Sunset of the New Imperialism
915
3
Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes
915
2
Beginnings of African Nationalism
917
1
Informal Empire in Latin America and China
917
1
The Chinese Revolution
918
8
The People and the Land
918
1
Fall of the Qing Dynasty
919
1
Warlords and the Guomindang
920
1
Mao Zedong, the Chinese Communists, and the Long March
921
1
War with Japan
922
2
Civil War and Communist Victory
924
2
The Indian Independence Movement
926
6
The Land and the People
926
1
British Rule and Indian Nationalism
926
3
Mahatma Gandhi and Militant Nonviolence
929
1
India Moves Toward Independence
929
2
Partition and Independence
931
1
The Mexican Revolution
932
7
Mexico in 1910
933
2
Mexican Society in Upheaval, 1911-1920
935
2
The Revolution Institutionalized, 1920-1940
937
2
Conclusion
939
1
Suggested Reading
939
3
PART EIGHT The Perils and Promises of a Global Community, 1945 to the Present
942
84
Decolonization and the Cold War, 1945-1991
945
31
Decolonization and Nation Building
946
10
New Nations in South and Southeast Asia
947
2
The Struggle for Independence in Africa
949
4
The Quest for Economic Freedom in Latin America
953
2
Challenges of Nation Building
955
1
The Cold War
956
6
The Onset of the Cold War
957
4
The Race for Nuclear Supremacy
961
1
Limits to Superpower Influence
962
9
Exploiting Superpower Rivalries
962
1
U.S. Defeat in Vietnam
963
2
Japan and China
965
1
Arab-Israeli Conflict and the Politics of Oil
966
3
Iran and Afghanistan
969
2
The End of the Bipolar World
971
3
Conclusion
974
1
Suggested Reading
974
2
The Global Contest for Resources, 1945-1991
976
28
Competition and Integration in a Global Economy
977
10
The Confrontation Between Capitalism and Socialism
978
2
The Pacific Rim
980
3
The ``Third World''
983
2
The Problem of Growing Inequality
985
2
The Challenge of Population Growth
987
6
The Industrialized Nations
988
1
The Developing Nations
989
2
``Old'' and ``Young'' Populations
991
2
The Movement of Peoples
993
3
Internal Migrations: The Growth of Cities
994
1
International Immigration
995
1
The Challenge of Technological and Environmental Change
996
5
New Technologies and the World Economy
996
3
Technology and the Way We Work
999
1
Conserving and Sharing Resources
999
2
Responding to Environmental Threats
1001
1
Conclusion
1001
1
Suggested Reading
1002
1
Notes
1003
1
The World at the End of the Twentieth Century: A Global Culture?
1004
22
Toward a Global Culture?
1006
8
The Medium and the Message
1007
2
The Spread of Popular Culture
1009
4
Global Connections and Elite Culture
1013
1
Toward a Global Government?
1014
4
The United Nations
1015
1
Human Rights
1016
1
Women's Rights
1017
1
Toward a Fragmented World?
1018
6
Challenges to the Nation-State
1018
2
Religion in the Contemporary World
1020
3
Threats to Order
1023
1
The Endurance of Cultural Diversity
1024
1
Conclusion
1025
1
Suggested Reading
1026
1
Notes
1026
Pronunciation Guide
P-1
Index
I-1