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Tables of Contents for Cognitive Neuroscience
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Boxes
xiii
Preface
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
1
22
Pondering the Big Questions
1
1
The Brain Story
2
9
The Twentieth Century
11
4
The Psychological Story
15
4
Cognitive Neuroscience
19
1
The Sudden Rise of Brain Imaging
20
1
Summary
21
1
Key Terms
22
1
Thought Questions
22
1
Suggested Readings
22
1
The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cognition
23
39
Cells of the Nervous System
24
1
The structure of neurons
25
3
The role of glial cells
28
3
Neuronal Signaling
31
1
Overview of neuronal communication
31
1
Properties of the neuronal membrane and the membrane potential
31
4
Electrical conduction in neurons
35
15
Transmembrane proteins: Ion channels and pumps
50
2
Synaptic Transmission
52
1
Chemical transmission
53
1
Electrical transmission
54
2
Neurotransmitters
56
4
Summary
60
1
Key Terms
61
1
Thought Questions
61
1
Suggested Readings
61
1
Gross and Functional Anatomy of Cognition
62
34
Neuroanatomy
63
1
Methods in neuroanatomy
63
7
Gross and Functional Anatomy of the Nervous System
70
1
Cerebral cortex
70
10
Limbic system, basal ganglia, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and diencephalon
80
9
Brainstem
89
3
Cerebellum
92
1
Spinal cord
92
1
Autonomic nervous system
93
2
Summary
95
1
Key Terms
95
1
Thought Questions
95
1
Suggested Readings
95
1
The Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
96
52
What is Cognitive Psychology?
97
1
Mental representations and transformations
97
2
Characterizing mental operations
99
2
Constraints on information processing
101
1
Computer Modeling
102
1
Models are explicit
103
1
Representations in computer models
103
1
Models lead to testable predictions
104
1
Limitations with computer models
105
1
Experimental Techniques Used with Animals
106
1
Single-cell recording
106
5
Lesions
111
1
Genetic manipulations
112
1
Neurology
113
1
Structural imaging of neurological damage
114
1
Causes of neurological disorders
115
6
Functional neurosurgery
121
2
Converging Methods
123
1
Cognitive deficits following brain damage
124
3
Virtual lesions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation
127
2
Functional imaging
129
15
Summary
144
3
Key Terms
147
1
Thought Questions
147
1
Suggested Readings
147
1
Perception and Encoding
148
45
Disorders of Perception: A Case Study
148
2
Overview of Neural Pathways
150
1
The eye, retina, and receptors
150
2
From the eye to the central nervous system
152
1
Parallel Processing in the Visual System
153
1
Organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus
153
5
Multiple pathways in the visual cortex
158
2
Cortical Visual Areas
160
1
Cellular correlates of visual features
161
2
Imaging visual areas in humans
163
4
Analysis and representation of visual features
167
4
Deficits in Feature Perception
171
1
Deficits in color perception: Achromatopsia
172
3
Deficits in motion perception: Akinetopsia
175
2
Deficits in other aspects of visual perception
177
1
Independent or Convergent Pathways
177
3
Dissociations of Cortical and Subcortical Visual Pathways
180
1
Spatial orientation and object perception in the hamster
180
2
Blindsight: Evidence of residual visual function following cortical blindness
182
2
Functions of the retino-collicular pathway in humans
184
1
Auditory Perception
185
1
Overview of the auditory pathways
185
3
Computational goals in audition
188
1
Concurrent processing for sound localization
189
2
Summary
191
1
Key Terms
192
1
Thought Questions
192
1
Suggested Readings
192
1
Higher Perceptual Functions
193
51
Agnosia: A Case Study
194
1
Two Cortical Pathways for Visual Perception
195
3
Representational differences between the dorsal and ventral pathways
198
4
Perception for identification versus perception for action
202
3
Computational Problems in Object Recognition
205
1
Variability in sensory information
205
1
View-dependent or view-invariant recognition?
206
1
Shape encoding
207
3
Grandmother cells and ensemble coding
210
2
Summary of computational issues
212
1
Failures of Object Recognition
213
2
Subtypes of agnosia
215
4
Integrating parts into wholes
219
2
Category specificity in agnosia
221
3
Computational account of category-specific deficits
224
2
Prosopagnosia
226
1
Are faces special?
227
1
Neural mechanisms for face perception
227
4
Dissociations of face and object perception
231
4
Two systems for object recognition
235
2
The Relationship Between Visual Perception, Imagery, and Memory
237
5
Summary
242
1
Key Terms
242
1
Thought Questions
242
1
Suggested Readings
243
1
Selective Attention and Orienting
244
57
Theoretical Models of Attention
245
3
The cocktail party effect
248
2
Early-versus late-selection theories
250
1
Quantifying attention in perception
251
4
Neural Systems in Attention and Selective Perception
255
3
Neurophysiology of human attention
258
22
Animal studies of attentional mechanisms
280
9
Neurology and Neuropsychology of Attention
289
1
Extinction and neglect
289
10
Summary
299
1
Key Terms
299
1
Thought Questions
299
1
Suggested Readings
300
1
Learning and Memory
301
50
Theories of Memory
302
1
Sensory and short-term memory mechanisms
302
7
Models of short-term memory
309
4
Models of long-term memory
313
2
Summary of theories of memory
315
1
Memory and Brain
315
2
Human memory, brain damage, and amnesia
317
15
Summary of amnesia and long-term memory systems
332
1
Animal models of memory
332
5
Imaging the human brain and memory
337
8
Cellular Bases of Learning and Memory
345
1
Long-term potentiation and the hippocampus
346
3
Summary
349
1
Key Terms
350
1
Thought Questions
350
1
Suggested Readings
350
1
Language and the Brain
Tamara Y. Swaab
351
49
Theories of Language
352
1
The storage of words and concepts: The mental lexicon
352
6
Perceptual analyses of the linguistic input
358
10
The recognition of words
368
5
Integration of words in sentences
373
5
Speech production
378
3
Neuropsychology of Language and Language Disorders
381
1
Aphasia
381
10
Neurophysiology of Language
391
1
Functional neuroimaging of language
391
1
Electrophysiology of language
392
6
Summary
398
1
Key Terms
399
1
Thought Questions
399
1
Suggested Readings
399
1
Cerebral Lateralization and Specialization
400
45
Dividing the Mind
400
2
Principles of Cerebral Organization
402
1
Anatomical correlates of hemispheric specialization
402
2
Microanatomical investigations of anatomical asymmetries
404
1
How the Two Hemispheres Communicate
405
1
Cortical disconnection
406
2
Functional consequences of the split-brain procedure
408
1
Specificity of callosal function
409
1
Hemispheric Specialization
410
1
Language and speech
410
4
Visuospatial processing
414
1
Attention and perception
415
4
Converging Evidence of Hemispheric Specialization
419
1
Functional asymmetries in patients with unilateral cortical lesions
419
1
Functional asymmetries in the normal brain
420
3
What Is Lateralized?
423
3
Asymmetries in perceptual representations
426
5
Asymmetries in representing spatial relations
431
5
Recent theoretical developments concerning hemispheric specialization
436
2
Variations in Hemispheric Specialization
438
1
The relation between handedness and left-hemisphere language dominance
438
2
Hemispheric specialization in nonhumans
440
3
Summary
443
1
Key Terms
443
1
Thought Questions
443
1
Suggested Readings
444
1
The Control of Action
445
54
Motor Structures
447
1
Muscles, motor neurons, and the spinal cord
447
2
Subcortical motor structures
449
2
Cortical regions involved in motor control
451
1
The organization of motor areas
451
1
Computational Issues in Motor Control
452
1
Peripheral control of movement and the role of feedback
453
2
The representation of movement plans
455
6
Physiological Analysis of Motor Pathways
461
1
The neural representation of movement
461
8
Comparison of Motor Planning and Execution
469
1
Internal versus external guidance of movement
470
2
Shift in cortical control with learning
472
4
Functional Analysis of the Motor System and Movement Disorders
476
1
Cortical areas
477
8
Subcortical areas: The cerebellum and basal ganglia
485
11
Summary
496
2
Key Terms
498
1
Thought Questions
498
1
Suggested Readings
498
1
Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes
499
38
Subdivisions of the Frontal Lobes
500
2
The Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Working Memory
502
1
Distinguishing between stored knowledge and activated information
502
2
Working memory versus associative memory
504
7
The Prefrontal Cortex Participates in Other Memory Domains
511
1
The frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory
511
1
Source memory
512
2
Component Analysis of Prefrontal Cortex
514
1
Content-based accounts of functional specialization within lateral prefrontal function
514
1
Process-based accounts of functional specialization within lateral prefrontal function
515
4
The selection of task-relevant information
519
5
Goal-Oriented Behavior
524
1
Planning and selecting an action
525
5
The anterior cingulate as a monitoring system
530
5
Summary
535
1
Key Terms
536
1
Thought Questions
536
1
Suggested Readings
536
1
Emotion
Elizabeth A. Phelps
537
40
Issues in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion
539
1
Defining emotion
539
1
Manipulating and measuring emotion
540
4
Emotion and cognition
544
1
Neural Systems in Emotional Processing
545
1
Early concepts: The limbic system
545
1
Orbitofrontal cortex
546
7
Amygdala
553
19
Laterality
572
1
Emotion communication
572
2
Affective style
574
1
Summary
575
1
Key Terms
576
1
Thought Questions
576
1
Suggested Readings
576
1
Evolutionary Perspectives
Leah Krubitzer
577
34
Evolution of the Brain
578
1
The historical underpinning of contemporary evolutionary neurobiology
578
4
Modern evolutionary neurobiology: Assumptions and aims
582
4
First Principles
586
3
Evolutionary mechanisms
589
1
The Comparative Approach
590
3
The scale of nature revisited
593
3
Adaptation and the Brain
596
1
Adaptations at multiple brain levels
597
3
Sexual selection and evolutionary pressures on behavior
600
1
Sexual abilities and spatial abilities
600
2
Evolution and physiology
602
2
Adaptive specializations and learning mechanisms
604
3
Evolutionary Insights into Human Brain Organization
607
2
Summary
609
1
Key Terms
610
1
Thought Questions
610
1
Suggested Readings
610
1
Development and Plasticity
611
43
The Shaping of the Brain
611
2
Perceptual and Cognitive Development
613
1
A classic theory of cognitive development
613
6
Development of visual cognition--Object recognition
619
1
Development of the human attention system
620
3
Language acquisition during development
623
5
Summary of cognitive development
628
1
Development of the Nervous System
628
1
Overview of gross development
629
1
Genesis of the cerebral cortex
630
10
Birth of new neurons throughout life
640
2
Postnatal brain development
642
1
Summary of cortical development
643
1
Plasticity in the Nervous System
644
3
Plasticity in the normal adult brain
647
2
Reorganization in human cortex
649
3
Summary
652
1
Key Terms
652
1
Thought Questions
652
1
Suggested Readings
653
1
The Problem of Consciousness
654
2
Philosophical Perspectives
656
4
Conscious Versus Unconscious Processing
660
3
The extent of subconscious processing
663
4
Gaining access to consciousness
667
2
Neurons, Neuronal Groups, and Conscious Experience
669
3
The Emergence of the Brain Interpreter in the Human Species
672
4
Is consciousness a uniquely human experience?
676
3
Left- and right-hemisphere consciousness
679
1
Summary
680
1
Key Terms
681
1
Thought Questions
681
1
Suggested Readings
681
Glossary
1
1
References
1
1
Acknowledgments and Credits
1
1
Index
1
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