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Tables of Contents for A Short Course in Grammar
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
The English Language: Preliminary Concepts
3
21
A World Language
3
1
The Historical Background
3
3
A Complex Language
6
4
Written Language
10
5
``Grammar''
15
2
Conclusion: Convention and Change
17
2
Exercises
19
5
Words
24
14
Parts of Speech
24
1
The Meanings of Categories
24
1
The Categories
25
1
Nouns and Pronouns
26
1
Verbs and Auxiliaries
27
2
Adjectives
29
1
Adverbs
30
1
Prepositions
31
2
Determiners
33
1
Conjunctions (Subordinators and Coordinators)
34
1
Summary
35
1
Exercises
36
2
Phrases
38
17
Phrases
38
1
The Notion of ``Phrase'' in Grammar
38
1
The Analysis of Declarative Statements
39
1
Diagramming: Some Introductory Concepts
40
2
Summary
42
1
Form-Function Diagrams
43
4
The Triangle Convention for Abbreviating a Tree
47
1
The Notion of ``Head of a Phrase''
48
2
Some Important Terms
50
1
Exercises
51
2
Appendix: Some Tips on Drawing Form-Function Diagrams
53
2
Sentences and Their Parts
55
11
Sentence Types
55
1
Sentences
55
1
The Classification of Sentence Types
55
7
Ellipsis
62
1
Diagramming Sentences
62
1
Exercises
63
3
Objects and Adjuncts
66
26
Elements of the Predicate
66
1
Elements That Precede the Core Sentence
66
4
Phrases That Follow the Core Sentence
70
3
Objects
73
9
A Formal Definition of the Term ``Phrase''
82
1
Subject Complements
83
2
Sentence Patterns
85
1
Exercises
86
6
The Verb Phrase
92
22
The Verb Phrase
92
1
Forms of the Verb
92
4
Tense and Aspect
96
5
Modality
101
3
The Operator
104
2
Verb-Auxiliary Homophony
106
1
Problematical Verb Forms
106
1
Other Aspects and Modalities
107
3
Exercises
110
2
Appendix: Diagramming the Verb Phrase
112
2
Prepositional Phrases and Adverbials
114
21
Prepositions and Adverbs
114
1
Prepositional Phrases
115
1
Forms and Functions of Prepositional Phrases
115
6
Prepositions in Phrasal Verbs
121
5
Prepositional Verbs
126
2
Adverbials inside the Core Sentence
128
3
A Survey of Basic Sentence Patterns
131
1
Exercises
131
4
The Noun Phrase I: Pronouns, Nouns, and Determiners
135
23
Noun Phrases
135
1
Pronouns
135
6
Special Pronouns
141
2
Demonstrative Pronouns
143
1
The Impersonal Pronoun one
143
1
Nouns
144
6
Determiners
150
4
Exercises
154
4
The Noun Phrase II: Modifiers of the Head Noun
158
18
Elaborations of the Noun Phrase
158
1
Compound Nouns
158
3
Possessive Nouns
161
1
Adjectival Phrases
162
8
Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers
170
1
Nominalizations (Infinitives and Gerunds)
171
2
Exercises
173
3
Negation
176
9
Negative Sentences
176
1
Negation in the Verb Phrase
176
3
Negation Elsewhere in the Sentence
179
4
Exercises
183
2
The Passive
185
12
A Review of the Auxiliaries
185
1
The Forms of the Passive
186
4
The Agentless Passive
190
1
The Passive of the Prepositional Verb
191
1
Functions of the Passive in Discourse
192
2
Exercises
194
3
Coordination
197
15
Introduction
197
1
The Coordination of Full Sentences
198
1
The Coordination of Other Phrases
199
7
Disjunction
206
3
Exercises
209
3
Subordination: Relative Clauses
212
16
An Introduction to Complex Sentences
212
1
Relative Clauses as Modifiers
213
2
The wh-Word Relative Pronouns
215
1
Case in the Relative Clause
215
2
Relative Clauses Based on Prepositional Complements
217
4
Some General Pointers on Diagramming Relative Clauses
221
1
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses
221
2
Zero Relative Pronoun
223
1
Elliptical Relative Clauses
224
1
Other Relative Pronouns
224
1
Exercises
225
3
Subordination: Noun Clauses I
228
14
An Introduction to Noun Clauses
228
1
Noun Clauses and Subordinators
229
4
Grammatical Functions of the Noun Clause
233
2
Noun Clauses as Complements of Prepositions
235
5
Exercises
240
2
Subordination: Noun Clauses II
242
14
Noun Clauses, Part II
242
1
Indirect Statements and Indirect Questions
242
4
Noun Clauses as Adjectival Complements
246
1
Noun Clauses as Subject Complements
247
1
Noun Clauses as Appositions
247
2
Nonfinite Noun Clauses
249
4
Exercises
253
3
Subordination: Adverbial Clauses
256
14
Pre- and Postcore Clauses
256
1
Subordinators in Adverbial Clauses
257
1
Adverbial Clauses as Noncore Adverbials
258
2
Finite Adverbial Clauses
260
5
Nonfinite Adverbial Clauses
265
2
Exercises
267
3
Grammar and Discourse
270
13
Grammar and Discourse
270
1
Balancing Information
271
2
New and Old Information in the English Sentence
273
6
Pre- and Postcore Adverbial Phrases
279
1
Conclusion: Grammar as Control and Opportunity
280
1
Exercises
280
3
Terms and Abbreviations Used in Form-Function Diagrams
283
2
Index
285