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Tables of Contents for We the People
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xxi
PART I American Political Life
American Political Culture
2
32
What Americans Think about Government
6
6
Trust in Government
7
3
Political Efficacy
10
2
Citizens and Government
12
3
Citizenship
12
1
Citizenship and Political Knowledge
13
1
From Knowledge To Interest
14
1
Government
15
6
Forms of Government
15
2
Limiting Government
17
1
Access to Government: the Expansion of Participation
18
2
Influencing the Government Through Participation: Politics
20
1
American Political Culture: Conflict and Consensus
21
9
Liberty
22
1
Equality
23
1
Democracy
24
1
Does the System Uphold American Political Values?
25
4
Values and Government
29
1
The Citizen's Role
30
1
Summary
31
1
For Further Reading
31
1
Study Outline
32
1
Practice Quiz
32
1
Critical Thinking Questions
33
1
Key Terms
33
1
The American Political Community
34
43
Expanding the American Political Community
36
25
Ethnicity and Race
37
11
Immigration and the American Political Community
48
3
Class
51
2
Gender
53
6
Religion
59
2
Participation in the American Political Community
61
7
Forms of Participation
61
2
Explaining Political Participation
63
3
Participation and American Political Values
66
2
Taking Part in the American Political Community: the Citizen's Role
68
2
Summary
70
1
For Further Reading
71
1
Study Outline
71
1
Practice Quiz
72
1
Critical Thinking Questions
73
1
Key Terms
73
4
PART II Foundations
The Founding and the Constitution
77
39
The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts
79
4
British Taxes and Colonial Interests
80
1
Political Strife and the Radicalizing of the Colonists
81
1
The Declaration of Independence
82
1
The Articles of Confederation
82
1
The Second Founding: From Compromise to Constitution
83
7
International Standing and Balance of Power
83
1
The Annapolis Convention
84
1
Shays's Rebellion
85
1
The Constitutional Convention
86
4
The Constitution
90
8
The Legislative Branch
92
2
The Executive Branch
94
1
The Judicial Branch
94
1
National Unity and power
95
1
Amending the Constitution
96
1
Ratifying the Constitution
96
1
Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power
96
2
The Fight for Ratification
98
6
Federalists Vs. Antifederalists
100
3
Reflections on the Founding
103
1
The Citizen's Role and the Changing Constitution
104
7
Amendments: Many Are Called, Few are Chosen
104
1
The Case of the Equal Rights Amendment
105
2
Which Were Chosen? an Analysis of the Twenty-Seven
107
4
Reflections on Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
111
1
Summary
112
1
For Further Reading
113
1
Study Outline
113
1
Practice Quiz
114
1
Critical Thinking Questions
115
1
Key Terms
115
1
Federalism
116
34
The Federal Framework
119
11
Federalism in the Constitution
119
3
The Development of Federalism
122
2
Restraining National Power With Dual Federalism, 1789-1937
124
2
Federalism and the Slow Growth of the National Government's Power
126
3
The Changing Role of the States
129
1
Who Does What? the Changing Federal Framework
130
13
Expansion of the National Government
131
1
Federal Grants
132
2
Cooperative Federalism
134
2
Regulated Federalism and National Standards
136
3
New Federalism and State Control
139
2
Is There a Right Answer?
141
2
Federalism and American Political Values
143
2
The Citizen's Role: Participation at Different Levels of the Federal System
145
1
Summary
146
2
For Further Reading
148
1
Study Outline
148
1
Practice Quiz
148
1
Critical Thinking Questions
149
1
Key Terms
149
1
Civil Liberties
150
44
The Bill of Rights: A Charter of Liberties
153
3
Nationalizing the Bill of Rights
156
3
The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion
159
3
Separation Between Church and State
159
2
Free Exercise of Religion
161
1
The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and the Press
162
11
Absolutely Protected Speech
162
3
Conditionally Protected Speech
165
8
The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms
173
2
Rights of the Criminally Accused
175
7
The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures
176
2
The Fifth Amendment
178
3
The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel
181
1
The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment
182
1
The Right to Privacy
182
7
The Future of Civil Liberties
189
1
The Citizen's Role
189
2
Summary
191
1
For Further Reading
191
1
Study Outline
192
1
Practice Quiz
192
1
Critical Thinking Questions
193
1
Key Terms
193
1
Civil Rights
194
42
Civil Rights
197
17
Plessy V. Ferguson: ``Separate But Equal''
198
1
Racial Discrimination After World War II
198
3
Civil Rights After Brown V. Board of Education
201
5
The Civil Rights Acts
206
8
The Universalization of Civil Rights
214
7
Women and Gender Discrimination
215
3
Latinos and Asian Americans
218
1
Native Americans
219
1
disabled Americans
220
1
Gays and Lesbians
220
1
Affirmative Action
221
8
The Supreme Court and the Burden of Proof
222
4
Referendums on Affirmative Action
226
1
Affirmative Action and American Political Values
226
3
The Citizen's Role
229
1
Summary
230
1
For Further Reading
231
1
Study Outline
231
1
Practice Quiz
232
1
Critical Thinking Questions
233
1
Key Terms
233
3
PART III Politics
Public Opinion
236
38
Political Values
239
16
Fundamental Values
239
2
Forms of Disagreement
241
2
How Political Values are Formed
243
2
Influences on Our Political Values
245
7
From Political Values to Ideology
252
3
How We form Political Opinions
255
7
Political Knowledge
256
1
The Influence of Political Leaders, Private Groups, and the Media
257
5
Measuring Public Opinion
262
6
Constructing Public Opinion from Surveys
263
5
Public Opinion, Political Knowledge, and the Importance of Ignorance
268
1
Public Opinion and Democracy
268
1
The Citizen's Role
269
1
Summary
270
1
For Further Reading
271
1
Study Outline
271
1
Practice Quiz
272
1
Critical Thinking Questions
272
1
Key Terms
273
1
The Media
274
38
The Media Industry and Government
277
11
Types of Media
277
2
Organization and Ownership of the Media
279
1
Nationalization of the News
280
3
Regulation of the Broadcast Media
283
3
Freedom of the Press
286
2
News Coverage
288
9
Journalists
288
3
Sources of the News
291
1
The Power of Consumers
292
5
Media Power in American Politics
297
8
Shaping Events
297
1
The Sources of Media Power
298
5
The Rise of Adversarial Journalism
303
2
Media Power and Democracy
305
2
The Citizen's Role
307
1
Summary
308
1
For Further Reading
308
1
Study Outline
309
1
Practice Quiz
310
1
Critical Thinking Questions
310
1
Key Terms
311
1
Political Parties
312
42
What Are Political Parties?
315
1
Outgrowths of the Electoral Process
315
1
Outgrowths of the Policymaking Process
316
1
The Two-Party System in America
316
10
Historical Origins
318
3
Electoral Alignments and Realignments
321
2
American Third Parties
323
3
Party Organization
326
6
National Convention
326
3
National Committee
329
1
Congressional Campaign Committees
330
1
State and Local Party Organizations
330
2
Parties and the Electorate
332
4
Group Affiliations
333
3
Parties and Elections
336
7
Recruiting Candidates
337
1
Nominations
337
1
Campaigns and High-Tech Politics
338
3
From Labor-Intensive To Capital-Intensive Politics
341
2
Parties and Government
343
3
Parties and Policy
343
2
Parties in Congress
345
1
President and Party
345
1
Parties and Democracy
346
3
The Citizen's Role
349
1
Summary
350
1
For Further Reading
350
1
Study Outline
351
1
Practice Quiz
352
1
Critical Thinking Questions
353
1
Key Terms
353
1
Campaigns and Elections
354
46
Elections in America
356
13
Voting Rights
357
2
Voter Participation
359
3
Types of Elections
362
1
The Criteria for Winning
363
1
Electoral Districts
363
1
The Ballot
364
3
The Electoral College
367
2
Election Campaigns
369
5
Advisers
369
3
Polling
372
1
The Primaries
372
2
Presidential Elections
374
9
The Convention
376
3
The General Election
379
2
The 1996 Election and its Aftermath
381
2
Money and Politics
383
5
Sources of Campaign Funds
383
3
Campaign Finance Reform
386
1
Implications for Democracy
387
1
How Voters Decide
388
3
Partisan Loyalty
388
1
Issues
389
1
Candidate Characteristics
390
1
The Decline of Voting
391
4
Elections and Democracy
392
3
Elections and Equality
395
1
Elections and Liberty
395
1
The Citizen's Role
395
1
Summary
396
1
For Further Reading
396
1
Study Outline
397
1
Practice Quiz
398
1
Critical Thinking Questions
399
1
Key Terms
399
1
Groups and Interests
400
44
The Character of Interest Groups
404
7
What Interests are Represented?
404
1
Organizational Components
405
4
The Characteristics of Members
409
2
The Proliferation of Groups
411
4
The Expansion of Government
411
1
The New Politics Movement and Public Interest Groups
412
1
Conservative Interest Groups
413
2
Strategies: The Quest for Political Power
415
21
Lobbying
415
5
Gaining Access
420
3
Using the Courts (Litigation)
423
1
Going Public
424
5
Using Electoral Politics
429
7
Groups and Interests: the Dilemma
436
1
The Citizen's Role
437
1
Summary
438
1
For Further Reading
439
1
Study Outline
440
1
Practice Quiz
440
1
Critical Thinking Questions
441
1
Key Terms
441
3
PART IV Institutions
Congress
444
48
Congress: Representing the American People
447
10
House and Senate: Differences in Representation
447
1
Sociological Vs. Agency Representation
448
4
The Electoral Connection
452
3
Direct Patronage
455
2
The Organization of Congress
457
11
Party Leadership in the House and the Senate
458
4
The Committee System: The Core of Congress
462
3
The Staff System: Staffers and Agencies
465
1
Informal Organization: the Caucuses
466
2
Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a law
468
5
Committee Deliberation
468
2
Debate
470
2
Conference Committee: Reconciling House and Senate Versions of Legislations
472
1
Presidential Action
472
1
How Congress Decides
473
8
Constituency
473
1
Interest Groups
474
2
Party Discipline
476
4
Weighing Diverse Influences
480
1
Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers
481
2
Oversight
481
1
Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers
481
1
Impeachment
482
1
Congress and Democracy
483
2
The Citizen's Role
485
2
Summary
487
1
For Further Reading
488
1
Study Outline
488
2
Practice Quiz
490
1
Critical Thinking Questions
490
1
Key Terms
491
1
The Presidency
492
42
The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency
495
13
The President as Head of State: Some Imperial Qualities
496
4
The Domestic Presidency: The President as Head of Government
500
8
Institutional Resources of Presidential Power
508
6
Patronage as a Tool of Management
508
1
The Cabinet
508
1
The White House Staff
509
1
The Executive Office of the President
510
2
The Vice Presidency
512
1
The First Lady
513
1
Political Resources of Presidential Power
514
12
Elections as a Resource
514
1
Party as a Presidential Resource
515
3
Groups as a Presidential Resource
518
1
Presidential Use of the Media
519
2
Public Opinion
521
1
Mass popularity as a Resource (and a Liability)
522
4
The Presidency and Democracy
526
3
The Legislative Epoch, 1800-1933
527
1
The New Deal and the Presidency
528
1
A Presidential Constituency: Citizens and the President
529
1
Summary
530
1
For Further Reading
531
1
Study Outline
531
1
Practice Quiz
532
1
Critical Thinking Questions
533
1
Key Terms
533
1
Bureaucracy in a Democracy
534
42
Bureaucracy and Bureaucrats
537
11
The Size of the Federal Service
539
2
Bureaucrats
541
7
The Organization of the Executive Branch
548
12
The Clientele Agencies
551
2
Agencies for Maintenance of the Union
553
4
The Regulatory Agencies
557
1
Agencies for Redistribution
558
2
Can the Bureaucracy Be Reduced?
560
3
Termination
561
1
Devolution
562
1
Privatization
563
1
Can Bureaucracy Be Controlled?
563
7
The President as Chief Executive
564
4
Congress and Responsible Bureaucracy
568
2
Citizens and Bureaucracy
570
2
Summary
572
1
For Further Reading
573
1
Study Outline
573
1
Practice Quiz
574
1
Critical Thinking Questions
574
1
Key Terms
575
1
The Federal Courts
576
The Legal System
579
4
Cases and the Law
579
2
Types of Courts
581
2
Federal Jurisdiction
583
7
The Lower Federal Courts
583
1
The Appellate Courts
584
1
The Supreme Court
584
1
How Judges Are Appointed
585
3
Controlling the Flow of Cases
588
2
The Power of the Supreme Court: Judicial Review
590
18
Judicial Review of Acts of Congress
590
1
Judicial Review of State Actions
591
1
Judicial Review and Lawmaking
592
2
How Cases Reach the Supreme Court
594
6
The Supreme Court's Procedures
600
5
Explaining Supreme Court Decisions
605
3
Judicial Power and Politics
608
3
Traditional Limitations on the Federal Courts
608
1
Two Judicial Revolutions
609
1
The Judiciary: Liberty and Democracy
610
1
The Citizen's Role
611
1
Summary
612
1
For Further Reading
613
1
Study Outline
614
1
Practice Quiz
615
1
Critical Thinking Questions
615
1
Key Terms
616
Appendix
A1
The Declaration of Independence
A3
The Articles of Confederation
A6
The Constitution of the United States of America
A10
Amendments to the Constitution
A17
The Federalist Papers
A24
Presidents and Vice Presidents
A30
Immigration to the United States by Place of Origin, 1820-1989
A32
Glossary of Key Terms
A37
Endnotes
A49
Illustration Credits
A67
Answer Key for Practice Quizzes
A68
Index
A69