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Tables of Contents for The European Commission
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Tables, Figure and Boxes
ix
Acknowledgements
x
List of Abbreviations
xi
Introduction
1
1
Brussels has decided that ...
1
1
The purpose and structure of the book
2
1
Central themes
2
3
An assumption
5
1
Introducing the Commission
6
13
The composition and structure of the Commission
6
2
The Commissioners' multi-dimensional nature
8
2
The functions of the Commission
10
5
A central (and independent?) policy actor
15
2
Concluding remarks
17
2
The History of the Commission
19
43
Introduction
19
1
The High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community, 1952-67
19
5
The Commission of the European Economic Community, 1958-67
24
8
The Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community, 1958-67
32
3
The post-merger Commission, 1967-
35
26
Concluding remarks
61
1
The President
62
20
Appointment
62
6
Powers and influence
68
4
The Delors presidencies
72
6
The Santer presidency
78
2
Concluding remarks
80
2
The College
82
37
Appointment
82
5
Removal from office
87
1
Composition
88
3
Collegiality
91
3
The College in operation
94
7
The allocation of portfolios
101
8
The exercise of portfolios
109
8
Concluding remarks: prospects for reform
117
2
Commissioners' Cabinets
119
15
Appointment and membership
119
3
Organisation
122
1
Functions and functioning
123
10
Concluding remarks
133
1
The Services
134
28
The Directorates General
135
11
The Secretariat General
146
9
Other services
155
4
Conflicts within the services
159
1
Inter-service coordination
160
1
Concluding remarks
161
1
Personnel
162
24
Size
162
5
Distribution of staff
167
1
The staff grading system
168
2
Becoming an established A-grade official
170
2
Getting promoted
172
2
The multi-national staffing policy
174
3
Reforming personnel policy
177
2
Background characteristics of Commission officials
179
1
Salaries
180
1
Use of language
180
2
Culture and cultures in the services
182
3
Concluding remarks
185
1
The Commission's Relations With Other EU Actors
186
16
The European Council
186
1
The Council of Ministers
187
2
The European Parliament
189
4
The European Court of Justice
193
3
The governments of the Member States
196
2
Non-governmental interests
198
3
Concluding remarks
201
1
The Provision of Leadership
202
33
The leadership problem in the EU
202
2
The commitment to leadership
204
1
Problems in providing leadership
205
1
Leadership resources
206
5
The importance of operational contexts
211
4
Linkages between resources and operational contexts
215
2
The Commission, leadership and the integration process
217
16
Concluding remarks
233
2
The Making of EU Legislation
235
27
Types of legislation
235
1
The origins of legislation
236
6
The preparation of legislative proposals
242
8
The progression of legislative proposals within the Commission
250
3
The Commission and the EU's legislative processes
253
7
Concluding remarks
260
2
Executive Functions
262
35
Introduction
262
1
The EU-level/national-level balance
262
2
Rule-maker
264
7
Direct implementer
271
5
Supervision of front-line implementation
276
4
Guardian of EU law
280
6
Manager of EU finances
286
7
Concluding remarks: the management and implementation challenge
293
4
External Relations
297
27
Increasing responsibilities
297
2
Organisational structure
299
4
The reasons behind the frequent organisational changes
303
2
Trade negotiator
305
7
Implementation of trade policies
312
3
Manager of enlargement
315
5
External representative
320
2
Concluding remarks
322
2
Conclusions
324
8
Between independence and dependence
324
2
A political and administrative hybrid
326
1
Change within a framework of stability
327
2
Organisational problems
329
3
Bibliography
332
25
Index
357