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Tables of Contents for Time for Science Education
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction
xix
Learning about the Pendulum and Improving Science Education
1
18
The Pendulum in Western Science, Technology, and Culture
2
1
The Pendulum and Science Textbooks
3
2
Origins of the Cathedral Story
5
1
Knowledge and Perception: A Problem with the Textbook Story
6
1
Problems with Science Education
7
3
Science and Liberal Education
10
3
Science Literacy
13
6
Navigation and the Longitude Problem
19
28
Eratosthenes and Ancient Navigation
19
2
Determination of Latitude and the Puzzle of Longitude
21
3
The Puzzle of Longitude
24
1
Portuguese Navigation and Exploration
25
1
Exploration of the African Coast
26
2
Medieval Navigation
28
2
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
30
3
The Longitude Problem
33
3
Longitude Prizes
36
3
Timekeeping as the Solution to the Problem of Longitude
39
8
Ancient and Medieval Timekeeping
47
30
Sundials
48
6
Water Clocks
54
2
Mechanical Clocks
56
2
Monastic Timekeeping
58
1
The Coming of Equal and Secular Hours
59
1
Clock Components
60
3
The Spread of City Clocks
63
8
Accuracy of Mechanical Clocks
71
1
Chinese Water Clocks
72
5
Galileo and the Pendulum Clock
77
18
The Medieval Pendulum
79
1
The Aristotelian Problematic
79
1
Medieval Impetus Theory
80
3
Nicole Oresme's Introduction of the Pendulum
83
2
Leonardo da Vinci's Pendulum Investigations
85
3
Galileo's Pulsilogium
88
1
Galileo and the Longitude Problem
89
2
Galileo's Proposal for a Pendulum Clock
91
4
Galileo's Analysis of Pendulum Motion
95
26
Galileo at Pisa
95
5
Galileo's 1602 Letter to Guidobaldo del Monte
100
8
Galileo and Measurement
108
2
The Pendulum in Galileo's Later Work
110
4
Problems with Galileo's Pendulum Claims
114
1
Marin Mersenne
115
2
Giambattista Riccioli
117
1
Contemporary Reproductions
118
3
Christiaan Huygens and the Pendulum Clock
121
36
Huygens' Refinement of Galileo's Pendulum Theory
124
1
In the Footsteps of Geometry
125
4
And with the Assistance of Calculus
129
4
Huygen's Clock
133
3
Seagoing Tests for Longitude
136
5
Huygens' Proposal for an International Standard of Length
141
3
Jean Richer's Cayenne Voyage of 1672-1673
144
2
Some Methodological Matters
146
1
From the Seconds Pendulum to the Meter: Some Political Matters
147
3
Pendulum Motion, Theories of Gravity and the Earth's Shape
150
2
Spring Balance Clocks
152
5
Perfecting Mechanical Timekeeping and Solving the Longitude Problem
157
24
Robert Hooke
157
2
The Balance-Wheel Regulator
159
1
The Anchor Escapement
160
2
Theoretical Achievements
162
2
Hooke's Dispute with Huygens
164
4
On the Shape of the Earth and Variation in Gravity
168
2
Leibniz' Clockwork Proposal
170
1
John Harrison
170
6
Determining Local Time
176
1
The Horological Revolution
177
4
The Pendulum in Newton's Physics
181
34
The Horological Background
183
1
The Metaphysical Background
184
4
Synthesis of Celestial and Terrestrial Mechanics
188
5
Matter, Mass, and Weight
193
3
The Pendulum and Conservation Laws
196
10
The Pendulum in Newtonian Physics
206
1
The Cradle Pendulum
207
1
The Ballistic Pendulum
208
1
Foucault's Pendulum
208
4
Stokes' Pendulum Experiments
212
3
Clocks and Culture: The Clock Analogy in Philosophy and Theology
215
22
The Mechanical World View
216
3
The Design Argument
219
1
Oresme and the Clockwork Universe
219
2
Newton's Argument with Leibniz about God's Involvement in a Clockwork Universe
221
4
God as Clockmaker
225
3
Poetry and the Design Argument
228
3
Metaphor in Science and in Education
231
6
Science and Philosophy: Some Lessons from the History of Pendulum Motion
237
38
Science and Philosophy in the Study of Motion
240
1
The Natural Versus Violent Motion Distinction
241
2
Epistemology and the Analysis of Pendulum Motion
243
2
Galileo's Idealizations and the Beginning of Modern Science
245
1
Idealization and Counter-evidence
246
2
Huygens and Falsificationist Methodology of Science
248
3
Observation, Theory, and Experiment
251
3
Real Versus Theoretical Objects
254
2
Objectivism
256
5
Scientific Laws
261
1
Data, Phenomena, and Theory
262
3
Research on Scientific Representation and Learning
265
2
Reductionist Accounts of Time
267
1
Aristotle's Reductionist Account of Time
267
2
Saint Augustine's Antireductionism
269
2
The Scientific Revolution's Undermining of Reductionism
271
1
Newton and Mach on Absolute Time
272
3
Teaching and Learning about Time and Pendulum Motion: Some Theoretical Considerations
275
18
Social and Personal Emergence of the Time Concept
275
1
Music and the Concept of Metrical Time
276
1
Aristotelian Empiricism and the Origin of Concepts
277
2
Transmission or Construction of Concepts? A Problem for Constructivism
279
3
Natural versus Social Origin of Concepts
282
3
What Is a Misconception?
285
3
Idealization in Science and the Learning of Science
288
2
Piaget on Children's Understanding of Time
290
3
Teaching and Learning about Time and Pendulum Motion: Some Pedagogical Considerations
293
28
Themes in Contemporary Science Education Reforms
294
3
Time Standards
297
5
The Pendulum and Simple Harmonic Motion
302
4
A Historical-Investigative Approach to Teaching Pendulum Motion
306
1
Reproducing Galileo's 1602 Law of Chords Experiment
307
4
Measuring Time in Junior High School
311
2
High School Investigations of Time and Pendulum Motion
313
1
Opportunities Lost: The Pendulum in the United States National Science Education Standards
314
3
Cross-Disciplinary Teaching about Time and the Pendulum
317
4
Science Education, Teacher Education, and Culture
321
32
Learning about the Nature of Science
321
2
Debate about the Nature of Science
323
4
Constructivism and the Nature of Science
327
3
A Modest Proposal
330
2
Teacher Education
332
1
History and Philosophy of Science in Teacher Education
333
4
Constructivism and Science Teacher Education
337
2
Teaching Literacy
339
2
Constructivist Language and Educational Realities
341
2
Philosophy of Education
343
3
Culture and Education
346
4
Conclusion
350
3
Appendix Some Significant Dates
353
4
Endnotes
357
24
References
381
38
Credits
419
6
Author Index
425
8
Subject Index
433