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Tables of Contents for A Tremor in the Blood
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PREFACE
xv
Chapter 1 PROLOGUE
1
4
Part I LIE DETECTION: THE CONCEPT
5
84
Chapter 2 MR. READER HAS A CHANCE TO PROVE HIS INNOCENCE
7
14
Chapter 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF LIE DETECTION
21
32
William Moulton Marston
25
2
Larson and the Berkeley Developments
27
2
The Chicago Period
29
1
Reid's Contribution: The Clinical Lie Test
30
2
Backster and the Control Question Test (CQT)
32
2
The Boom and Bust of the Polygraph Industry
34
4
The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT)
38
3
Voice Analysis
41
2
Honesty Tests
43
1
The Tools of Diogenes
44
5
Science and the Lie Detector
49
4
Chapter 4 THE TRUTH VERIFIER
53
14
The Dawning of the Age of Truth
54
6
Is There a Truth Verifier?
60
3
The Current Status of the Specific Lie Response
63
4
Chapter 5 EVALUATING THE EVIDENCE
67
22
The Limitations of Expert Opinion
68
2
How Polygraph-Induced Confessions Mislead Polygraphers
70
4
Lykken's Law
74
2
Reliability versus Validity
76
8
Assessing Lie Detector Validity
84
1
Determining Ground Truth
85
3
Summary
88
1
Part II LIE DETECTION: THE METHODS
89
106
Chapter 6 THE CLINICAL LIE TEST: THE EXAMINER AS "LIE DETECTOR"
93
16
Subjective Scoring and "Behavior Symptoms"
95
3
Assumptions of the Clinical Polygraph Examination
98
6
Validity of the Clinical Lie Test
104
2
Verdict
106
3
Chapter 7 THE RELEVANT/IRRELEVANT (R/I) TEST
109
6
Assumptions of the R/I Test
110
2
Validity of the R/I Test
112
1
Verdict
113
2
Chapter 8 THE CONTROL QUESTION TEST (CQT)
115
22
A Genuine Control Question Test
117
2
Assumptions of the Control Question Test
119
5
Some Real-Life Examples
124
4
The Validity of the Control Question Test
128
2
An Example of a Bad Validity Study
130
2
CQT Studies Published in Scientific Journals
132
3
Verdict
135
2
Chapter 9 THREE DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE CQT
137
14
The Directed Lie Test (DLT)
137
3
The Positive Control Test (PCT)
140
3
The Truth Control Test (TCT)
143
4
The Peak of Tension Test (POT)
147
4
Chapter 10 POLYGRAPH SCREENING TECHNIQUES
151
12
The Format of the Screening Test
156
2
Assumptions of the Polygraph Screening Test
158
2
The Validity of the Polygraph Screening Test
160
1
Verdict
161
2
Chapter 11 VOICE STRESS ANALYSIS
163
12
A Tremor in the Voice: The PSE
165
1
Does the PSE Measure Stress?
166
1
Does the PSE Detect Lying?
167
4
Recent Developments
171
1
Verdict
172
3
Chapter 12 SURVEYS OF SCIENTIFIC OPINION OF THE "LIE DETECTOR"
175
14
Two Prior Polls
177
2
Two Recent Polls
179
1
Information Provided to Respondents
179
3
How the Surveys Were Conducted
182
1
Results
182
4
Summary
186
3
Chapter 13 THE TOOLS OF DIOGENES: AN OVERVIEW
189
6
Lies, Lies, Lies!
191
4
Part III LIE DETECTION: THE APPLICATIONS
195
86
Chapter 14 TRUTH, LTD: THE POLYGRAPHER AS PRIVATE DETECTIVE
197
16
Intramural Crime
198
2
The Coker Case
200
7
A Question of Rights
207
3
To Catch a Thief
210
3
Chapter 15 PREEMPLOYMENT SCREENING BY THE FBI AND OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
213
10
The Case of Major C
214
2
Cry Havoc
216
2
Screening FBI Agents
218
5
Chapter 16 HONESTY TESTING: AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
223
12
The Problem
226
1
The Integrity Screening Approach
227
3
Beating the "Honesty" Tests
230
2
The Good Management Approach
232
1
Summary
233
2
Chapter 17 THE FOURTH DEGREE: POLYGRAPHICALLY INDUCED CONFESSIONS
235
14
The Peter Reilly Case
240
2
Why Do People Confess?
242
1
Confessions and the Courts
243
2
The Embassy Marine Guard Scandal
245
4
Chapter 18 THE LIE DETECTOR AND THE COURTS
249
24
The Frye Case
250
1
Allegations of Sexual Abuse
251
2
The Polygraph for the Defense
253
3
The Question of Base Rates
256
3
The "Friendly Polygrapher"
259
1
The Polygrapher as Expert Witness
260
2
How Juries React to Lie Test Evidence
262
5
The Psychopathic Liar
267
4
The Polygraph in Criminal Investigation
271
2
Chapter 19 HOW TO BEAT THE LIE DETECTOR
273
8
Methods of Beating the Lie Detector
274
1
Methods Taught by Floyd Fay
275
1
Methods Taught by the Raskin Group
276
1
The Right Way to Beat the Polygraph
277
4
Part IV DETECTING GUILTY KNOWLEDGE
281
28
Chapter 20 ORIGINS OF THE GUILTY KNOWLEDGE TEST
283
12
The Experiment
283
3
The Results
286
1
Replication by Other Investigators
287
1
A Good GKT
288
4
Beating the GKT
292
3
Chapter 21 FORENSIC USES OF THE GUILTY KNOWLEDGE TEST
295
14
Did O.J. Simpson Kill His Wife?
297
1
A Guilty Knowledge Test for O.J. Simpson
298
1
Who Blew Up the Murrah Building?
299
2
Scoring the GKT
301
2
Countermeasures
303
1
The GKT and the Polygraph
303
1
Forensic Applications of the GKT
304
2
The GKT in the Courtroom
306
1
Future Prospects
307
2
NOTES AND REFERENCES
309
18
INDEX
327