Preface

Acknowledgments

Part 1 Probing the Holocaust: Where We Are, Where We Need to Go

Sources and Their Uses

Raul Hilberg

A Past That Will Not Go Away

Yehuda Bauer

The Holocaust: Where We Are, Where We Need to Go

Eberhard Jackel

The Holocaust: Where We Are, Where We Need to Go---A Comment

Michael R. Marrus

Part 2 Antisemitism and Racism in Nazi Ideology

The Use of Antisemitism in Nazi Wartime Propaganda

David Bankier

The Holocaust: A Very Particular Racism

Steven T. Katz

Antisemitism and Racism in Nazi Ideology

Walter Zwi Bacharach

Antisemitism, the Holocaust, and Reinterpretations of National Socialism

Omer Bartov

Part 3 The Politics of Racial Health and Science

Human Genetics and the Mass Murder of Jews, Gypsies, and Others

Benno Muller-Hill

From Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy: The Role of the So-called Mischlinge

Annegret Ehmann

The Cooperation of German Racial Hygienists and American Eugenicists before and after 1933

Stefan Kuhl

Part 4 The Nazi State: Leadership and Bureaucracy

Executive Instinct: Reinhard Heydrich and the Planning for the Final Solution

Charles W. Sydnor, Jr.

Plans for the Final Solution in Early 1941

Richard Breitman

State Policy and Corporate Involvement in the Holocaust

Peter Hayes

The Civil Service and the Implementation of the Holocaust: From Passive to Active Complicity

Hans Mommsen

The Other Crimes of Adolf Hitler

Franklin H. Littell

Part 5 ``Ordinary Men'': The Sociopolitical Background

The T4 Killers: Berlin, Lublin, San Sabba

Henry Friedunder

Ordinary Germans or Ordinary Men? A Reply to the Critics

Christopher R. Browning

Complicity or Entanglement? Wehrmacht, War, and Holocaust

Jurgen Forster

The Amsterdam Police and the Persecution of the Jews

Guus Meershoek

Ordinary Men or Ordinary Germans?

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen

Part 6 Multiple Voices: Ideology, Exclusion, and Coercion

Neglected Holocaust Victims: The Mischlinge, the Judischversippte, and the Gypsies

John A. s. Grenville

``Slapping Up Spastics''

Hugh Gregory Gallagher

Final Solution of the Homosexual Question? The Antihomosexual Policies of the Nazis and the Social Consequences for Homosexual Men

Gunter Grau

The Pink Triangle: Homosexuals as ``Enemies of the State''

Rudiger Lautmann

The Black Experience during the Holocaust

Robert Kesting

Part 7 Concentration Camps: Their Task and Environment

Auschwitz Concentration Camp: How It Was Used in the Nazi System of Terror and Genocide and in the Economy of the Third Reich

Franciszek Piper

Antechamber to Birkenau: The Zigeunerlager after 1933

Sybil Milton

Concentration Camps and the Non Jewish Environment

Edith Raim

Places Far Away, Places Very Near: Mauthausen, the Camps of the Shoah, and the Bystanders

Gordon J. Horwitz

Part 8 The Axis, the Allies, and the Neutrals

The Holocaust in Hungary: A Retrospective Analysis

Randolph L. Braham

The Holocaust in Italy: Areas of Inquiry

Meir Michaelis

Antonescu and the Jews

Jean Ancel

The Allies and the Holocaust

Gerhard L. Weinberg

Surviving the Holocaust: The Situation in France

Susan S. Zuccotti

British Responses to the Plight of Jews in Europe, 1933-1945

Louise London

Bureaucracy, Resistance, and the Holocaust: Understanding the Success of Swedish Diplomacy in Budapest, 1944-1945

Paul A. Levine

A Lucky Few: Refugees in Turkey

Mark A. Epstein

The Catholic Response to the Holocaust: Institutional Perspectives

John T. Pawlikowski

The Ecclesiastical Final Solution: The German Christian Movement and the Anti Jewish Church

Doris L. Bergen

Part 9 Jewish Leadership, Jewish Resistance

The Armed Jewish Resistance in Eastern Europe: Its Unique Conditions and Its Relations with the Jewish Councils (Judenrate) in the Ghettos

Yitzhak Arad

Remembering and Invoking 1789 during the Holocaust: The Trials and Tribulations of French Jews

Richard I. Cohen

The Jewish Underground Press in France and the Struggle to Expose the Nazi Secret of the Final Solution

Adam Rayski

Czech and Slovak Wartime Jewish Leadership: Variants in Strategy and Tactics

Livia Rothkirchen

Part 10 The Rescuers

Reflections on Rescuers

Nechama Tec

The Rescuer Self

Eva Fogelman

Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust: A Portrait of Moral Courage

Samuel P. Oliner

Part 11 The Survivor Experience

``We're on Our Way, but We're Not in the Wilderness''

Jacqueline Giere

Way Station of Exodus: Jewish Displaced Persons and Refugees in Postwar Austria

Thomas Albrich

From Illegal Immigrants to New immigrants: The Cyprus Detainees, 1946-1949

Dalia ofer

Against All Odds: Survivors of the Holocaust and the American Experience

William B. Helmreich

Holocaust Survivors in Past and Present

Leo Eitinger

Israeli Society and Recent Attitudes toward the Jews of Europe and Holocaust Survivors

Dina Porat

History, Memory, and Truth: Defining the Place of the Survivor

Dori Laub

Marjorie Allard

Contributors

Index