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Tables of Contents for Small Town in Mass Society
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword to the Illinios Paperback Edition
xv
Introduction to Revised Edition
xxv
Preface
xxxv
I. THE APPEARANCE OF PUBLIC COMMUNITY LIFE: THE INTEGRATING SYMBOLS
Social, Economic and Historical Setting of the Community
3
26
A First Impression
3
2
Social and Economic History
5
10
The Early Period
6
1
The Growth of Village Industry and General Farming, 1855--1880
6
1
The Decline of Farming and General Prosperity in the Village, 1880--1910
7
1
Mass Migration and the Gasoline Engine, 1910--1930
8
3
The Great Depression and the Great War, 1930--1950
11
4
An Informal Census
15
4
The Economic Basis of Community Life
19
3
Social and Organizational Life
22
7
Springdale's Image of Itself
29
20
``Just Plain Folks''
29
1
Rural Virtues and City Life
30
3
``Neighbors Are Friends''
33
3
Good Folks and Bad Folks
36
3
``We're All Equal''
39
2
The Etiquette of Gossip
41
8
II. MAJOR INSTITUTIONAL REALITIES
The Major Dimensions of Social and Economic Class
49
30
The Meaning of Work, Wealth and Economic Activities
49
3
The Classes
52
19
The Middle Class
52
10
The Marginal Middle Class
62
4
The ``Old Aristocracy''
66
1
Traditional Farmers
67
2
The Shack People
69
2
The Social and Economic Meaning of Class
71
8
Springdale and the Mass Society
79
30
The Ambivalent Attitude to Mass Society
79
3
Cultural Importations from Mass Society
82
4
Formal Importing Organizations
82
2
The Ubiquity of Mass Media
84
1
The Immigrant as Cultural Carrier
85
1
The Economic Nexus: Occupational Gatekeepers to the Mass Society
86
11
The Professionals
87
2
Businessmen
89
3
Industrial Workers
92
3
Farmers
95
2
Occupation, Class and Community
97
1
The Political Surrender to Mass Society
98
3
The Social Psychological Consequences of the Rural Surrender
101
7
III. CLASS AND MASS IN POLITICS
Introduction
108
1
The Business Character of Village Politics
109
28
The Ethos of Village Politics
109
5
The Pervasiveness of Politics in Rural Life
109
1
Unanimity in Decision Making
110
2
Minimization of Decision Making
112
1
The Surrender of Jurisdiction
113
1
Village Politics
114
8
Social Composition and Ideology of the Village Board
114
2
The Low-Tax Ideology and Business Dominance
116
2
Machine Politics and the Selection of Officials
118
4
Public Interests and Political Paralysis
122
2
The Consequences of Political Paralysis
124
8
Reliance on Experts
124
2
The Social Basis of Unanimity
126
2
Dependence on Extra-Legal Bodies
128
4
Political Ceremonies and Political Participation
132
5
The Prosperous Farmers and Town Government
137
34
The Organization and Character of Town Government
137
4
The Social Composition and Psychology of Board Members
141
2
Personalities Embodying Farmer-Business Conflicts; the Invisible Government
143
7
The Dominance of Prosperous Farmers
150
5
The Excluded Groups
153
2
Roads and the Election Process
155
12
The Meaning of Roads
155
1
Political Parties and the Election Process
156
2
Roads and the Disenfranchised: A Crucial Case
158
9
Discipline by County and State Machines
167
4
The Clash of Class Interests in School Politics
171
27
Organization and Character of the School Board
171
4
The Institutional Setting
171
2
Concealment and Crisis
173
2
Selection and Social Composition of Board Members
175
4
The Consequences of Rural Dominance
179
1
Rural Dominance and the Businessmen
180
6
The Principal as an Alien Expert
186
12
The Role of the Principal
186
1
The Principal and the Public
187
2
The Principal and the Parent Teacher's Association
189
3
The Principal and the Board of Education
192
3
The Internal Contradictions of the Principal's Role
195
3
Reciprocal Political Relations between Springdale and Mass Society
198
29
Institutional Linkages to State and National Politics
198
12
Local Politics and the State Subsidy
198
4
Local Politics and State and National Elections
202
4
Federal Agricultural Policy and Local Politics
206
4
Effective Political Jurisdictions of Local Leaders
210
17
The Psychological Tone of Village, Town and School Government
211
6
Political Leaders as Mirrors of their Constituencies
217
5
Local Leadership and National Politics
222
5
IV. THE RECONCILIATION OF SYMBOLIC APPEARANCES AND INSTITUTIONAL REALITIES
Religion and the Affirmation of the Present
227
31
The Place of the Church in Community Life
227
2
Class and Church Membership
229
2
Church Leadership
231
10
Lay Leadership
231
2
The Role of the Minister in Church and Community
233
4
Ministerial Limitations on External Influences
237
2
The Minister as a Person
239
2
Inter-Church Relationships: Ecumenicalism
241
10
Genuine but Unsuccessful Ecumenicity: a Crucial Case
247
4
Church Competition and the Unchurched
251
1
The Place of Theology in Ecumenicalism
252
2
The Baptists and Theology
254
2
The Place of Religion in Community Life
256
2
Community Integration Through Leadership
258
27
Generalized Leadership
258
7
Primary and Secondary Leadership Roles
260
1
The Dynamics of Secondary Leadership Roles
261
2
Supporting Leadership Positions
263
2
Formal Leadership and Organizational Power
265
1
Specialized Leadership Roles
265
8
Religious Leadership
266
1
The Baptists as a Test Case
267
1
Other Specialized Leadership Roles
268
2
Teachers as Technical Leaders
270
1
Ethnic Leadership
271
1
Specialized Leadership and Social Change
272
1
Class and Leadership
273
4
The Businessmen
273
2
The Prosperous Farmers
275
2
The Political ``Innovator''
277
5
Leadership and Social Change
282
3
Personality and the Minimization of Personal Conflicts
285
32
The Social-Psychological Dilemmas of Rural Life
285
3
Solutions to the Social-Psychological Dilemmas
288
4
Ideosyncratic Modes of Adjustment
288
1
Community Definitions of Normality
289
1
Class Deviancy
290
1
The ``Strain to Normality''
291
1
Major Modes of Adjustment
292
25
The Repression of Inconvenient Facts
292
5
The Falsification of Memory and the Substitution of Goals
297
1
The Surrender of Illusions
298
5
Mutual Reinforcement of the Public Ideology
303
1
Avoidance of Public Statements of Disenchantment and the Exclusion of the Disenchanted
304
1
The Externalization of the Self
305
7
Social Structure and the Psychology of Adjustment
312
5
V. THE FINDINGS, METHODS, THEORY AND IMPLICATIONS OF A COMMUNITY STUDY
A Theory of the Contemporary American Community
317
31
The Key Problems and Findings in Springdale
317
4
Springdale as a Microcosm in the Macrocosm
321
2
Factors in the Emergence of New Middle-Class Life Styles
323
10
The Middle-Class Revolution in American Society
333
9
The Small Rural Town
334
1
The University Town
334
1
The Suburban Community
335
5
The New Urban Middle Class
340
2
The Future of the Middle Class and Its Life Styles
342
6
Methods of Community Research
348
49
Participant Observation and the Collection and Interpretation of Data
348
13
Broader Relevance of Participant Observation
349
1
Formation of Respondent Images of the Participant Observer
350
2
Social Role of the Participant Observer
352
1
The Participant Observer's Data
353
2
Field Tactics and Data Evaluation
355
4
Conclusions
359
2
The Validity of Field Data
361
22
Introduction
361
4
Sources of Error in Response
365
1
Misinformation Due to Purposeful Intent
365
1
The Temporary Role of ``Respondent''
366
7
The Psychology of the Respondent
373
2
Involuntary Error
375
1
The Problem of Analysis for the Anthropologist
376
3
The Problems of Analysis in Other Techniques
379
2
A Perspective for Anthropology
381
2
Social Theory in Field Research
383
14
Evocation of Theory from Observation
386
2
The Exhausting and ``Destruction'' of Theories
388
1
The Substitution of Theories
389
1
Theories in the Criticism of Field Work
390
2
The Relationship between Heuristic and Systematic Theory
392
1
The Condification of Theory and the Heuristic Approach to Theory
393
1
Limitations of Heuristic Theory
394
3
Ethical and Bureaucratic Implications of Community Research
397
80
Editorial---Freedom and Responsibility in Research: The ``Springdale'' Case
397
5
``Freedom and Responsibility in Research'': Comments
402
14
Arthur J. Vidich
Joseph Bensman
Robert Risley
Raymond E. Ries
Howard S. Becker
``Freedom and Responsibility in Research'': Comments
416
9
Earl H. Bell
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Principles of Professional Ethics: Cornell Studies in Social Growth
418
7
``Freedom and Responsibility in Research'': A Rejoinder
425
5
Arthur J. Vidich
The Springdale Case: Academic Bureaucrats and Sensitive Townspeople
430
47
Arthur J. Vidich
Joseph Bensman
Afterword
477
28
Arthur J. Vidich
Index
505
15
Author Index
520