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Tables of Contents for Visual Journalism
Introduction: Digital Convergence and the Age of the Visual Journalist
1
2
A New Role for Journalism---The Visual Journalist
3
2
Ideas for Further Study
5
6
Visual Perspectives: Revisiting the Death of PhotojournalismDrick Halstead6
5
Section One Using Visuals
Visual Journalism: Past, Present, and Future
Paul Martin Lester11
16
Visual Journalism: 30,000 B.C.E--0
11
2
Visual Journalism: 1--1,000 C.E.
13
1
Visual Journalism: 1001--1500
14
1
Visual Journalism: 1501--1800
14
2
Visual Journalism: 1801--1850
16
1
Visual Journalism: 1851--1900
17
1
Visual Journalism: 1901--1950
18
1
Visual Journalism: 1951--1983
19
2
Visual Journalism: 1984 and Beyond
21
1
Ideas for Further Study
22
5
Visual Perspectives: Virtual Photojournalism---A Fictional Look at a Possible FuturePaul Martin Lester23
4
A Visual Literacy Primer
Paul Martin Lester27
18
Physiology of the Eye30
1
Physiology of the Brain30
1
The Visual Cues: Color, Form, Depth, and Movement
30
5
Color31
1
Form32
1
Depth33
2
Movement35
1
Theories of Visual Literacy
35
5
Gestalt35
2
Semiotics37
1
Cognitive38
2
Ideas for Further Study
40
5
Visual Perspectives: Digital Images and the ``New'' Visual LiteracyGregory Veen42
3
An Ethical Approach
Paul Martin Lester45
18
Study the Six Philosophies
45
5
The Categorical Imperative46
1
Utilitarianism47
1
Headonism47
1
The Golden Mean48
1
The Golden Rule49
1
The Veil of Ignorance49
1
The Five Chief Ethical Concerns
50
6
Victims of Violence50
1
Right to Privacy51
1
Picture Manipulation52
2
Stereotyping54
1
Advertising, Public Relations, and Journalism Blurring55
1
Ethics and the Future of Visual Reporting
56
1
Ideas for Further Study
57
6
Visual Perspectives: Ethics Matter: From Great Tragedy, Humanity Is FoundDeni Elliott and Paul Martin Lester58
5
Section Two Using Photography
Technical Considerations
Christopher R. Harris63
24
The Camera65
1
Film-Based Cameras66
1
Single-Lens Reflex66
1
Twin-Lens Reflex67
1
The Rangefinder Camera67
1
The View Camera67
1
The Lens68
1
The Wide-Angle Lens68
1
The Normal Lens68
2
The Telephoto Lens70
1
Special Purpose Lenses71
1
Film72
1
Spectral Sensitivity72
1
Film Speed73
1
Contrast74
1
Miscellaneous Equipment
75
2
Light Meters75
1
Lighting76
1
Strobes76
1
Tungsten Lighting77
1
Equipment and Camera Bags
77
1
Currency79
1
Local Customs and Business Needs79
1
Customs Registration of Photographic Equipment79
1
Ideas for Further Study
82
1
Visual Perspectives: A Life in PhotojournalismSherri LaRose83
Documentary Assignments
Christopher R. Harris87
22
Photographic Credibility
90
1
Photojournalism Ethics
91
1
Computer Manipulation of Pictures
92
2
Spot and General News94
1
Spot News95
1
General News96
3
Human Interest and Pictorial Features99
1
Human Interest100
1
Pictorial Features101
1
Sports Action and Features102
1
Sports Action103
1
Sports Feature103
1
Picture Stories104
1
Ideas for Further Study
105
4
Visual Perspectives: An Olympic MomentJames K. Colton106
3
Manipulated Assignments
Christopher R. Harris109
26
Mug Shots114
1
Environmental Portraits115
1
Editorial Illustrations116
1
Advertising Photography117
Annual Reports119
1
Public Relations120
1
Types of Lighting121
1
Strobe122
1
Tungesten or Incandescent Lighting122
1
Quality of Light123
1
Light Modifiers123
1
Reflectors123
1
Umbrellas124
1
Soft Boxes125
1
Snoots and Scrims125
1
The One-Light Setup127
1
Two-Light Setups128
1
Three or More Lights128
1
Ideas for Further Study
130
5
Visual Perspectives: How Has Digital Photography Affected Me as a Photo Illustrator?Will Crocker131
4
Section Three Using Words
Reporting
Steve Doing135
16
How Do You Keep Those Story Ideas Coming?
139
1
Preparing for an Interview141
1
Doing an Interview142
1
Taking Notes143
1
Using Quotes Properly144
1
Working in a Newsroom
145
1
Ideas for Further Study
147
4
Visual Perspectives: The Saga of a Great Headline: The Genesis of ``Harvard Beats Yale, 29--29''Alan Schwarz148
3
Finding Words for Things
152
2
Ideas for Further Study
158
7
Visual Perspectives: Visual Journalism and the Connection with World ReportersBrayan Grigsby159
6
Section Four Using Design
Typography
Jean Trumbo165
14
Blackletter167
1
Roman167
1
Script167
1
Sans Serif168
1
Square Serif168
1
Miscellaneous169
1
Measurement169
1
Leading170
1
Line Length170
1
Column Setting171
1
x-Height171
2
Type Contrast173
1
Ideas for Further Study
176
3
Visual Perspectives: The Current Tendency for Weak Typography in the Web and Interactive Design ArenaJulie Ptasznik177
2
Graphic Design
Jean Trumbo179
26
The Process of Design
182
2
Reaching the Audience
184
1
The Elements of Design
185
5
The Attributes of Visual Media
193
3
Graphic Design in Practice
196
7
Ray Gun Magazine198
1
Time Magazine199
1
National Geographic Magazine199
1
The National Geographic Online200
1
Christian Science Monitor201
1
USA Today202
1
Ideas for Further Study
203
2
Visual Perspectives: Design GoalsBrian Callahan204
1
Informational Graphics
Paul Martin Lester205
20
Three Infographic Pioneers: Playfair, Snow, and Minard207
1
Inforgraphics and Wars208
2
Types of Informational Graphics
210
6
Statistical Infographics211
1
Charts211
1
Datamaps212
1
Nonstatistical Infographics212
1
Fact Boxes213
1
Tables, Non-Data Maps, and Diagrams213
2
Miscellaneous Infographics215
1
Informational Graphics in Practice
216
1
Creating an Infographic
216
1
Ethical Considerations with Informational Graphics
217
1
Ideas for Further Study
218
7
Visual Perspectives: Designing the InfographDennis Cripe220
5
Section Five Using Motion
Visual Motion
Douglas Mitchell225
18
History of Visual Motion
226
2
Development of Video and Television
228
3
Visual Motion and Meaning
231
2
Ideas for Further Study
241
2
Visual Perspectives: Fake VideotapeLarry Burriss242
1
Audio and Motion
Douglas Mitchell243
22
History of Sound with Picture
245
1
Operational Principle of Microphones248
1
Pickup Patterns249
1
Special Purpose Microphones250
1
Multichannel Sound Tracks
253
1
Tape Recorders255
1
On-Location Sound Recording256
2
Ideas for Further Study
259
6
Visual Perspectives: Sound Advice: Creating Great Audio---On a BudgetLisa Horan260
5
Interactive Multimedia
Marc J. Barr265
18
Project Creation and Development
266
1
Design, Delivery, and Display Parameters266
1
Interactive Multimedia Programs
271
3
Function-Based Programs271
1
Picture-Based Programs272
1
Quick Time VR272
1
IPIX273
1
Differences Between Quick Time VR and IPIX Images274
1
Digital Photogrammetry
275
1
Ideas for Further Study
277
6
Visual Perspectives: Interactive Multimedia Turn Readers, Viewers, and Users into LearnersPaul Martin Lester278
5
Section Five Using Computers
Internet Research
Robert Spires283
16
A Brief History of the Internet
284
2
Role of Search Engines
286
1
Why Use the Internet as a Research Tool?
287
1
Cultural Differences in Approaches to Searching
288
1
Dissolving Geographic and Political Boundaries
289
1
Searching the Internet
290
3
Where to Search291
1
The ``Joy of Hyperlinks''292
1
Ideas for Further Study
294
5
Visual Perspectives: Notes about MetasearchersRobert Spires295
4
Computer Applications
Larry Burriss299
22
GLF (Graphic Interchange Formula)303
1
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)304
1
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)305
1
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)305
1
CMYK (Color Separations)305
1
Manipulating Your Work308
1
Print Output310
3
Ideas for Further Study
313
8
Visual Perspectives: A Brief History of the ComputerLarry Burriss314
7
Conclusion: Visual Journalism Awaits You
321
6
Visual Perspectives: The Web and Visual JournalismTom Kennedy324
3
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