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Tables of Contents for Becoming a Teacher
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xiv
Part One The Teaching Profession
1
77
Dear Mentor
1
1
Teaching: Your Chosen Profession
2
36
Focus Questions
3
2
Why Do You Want to Teach?
5
11
Desire to Work with Children and Young People
5
1
Love of Teaching
6
1
Love of Subject
7
1
Love of the Teaching Life
7
1
Love of the Teaching-Learning Process
7
1
Influence of Teachers
7
1
Where Do You Stand? Should psychological assessments be used to identify students who should not become teachers?
8
1
Desire to Serve
9
1
Professional Reflection: Assessing your reasons for choosing to teach
10
1
Practical Benefits of Teaching
11
1
Salaries and Benefits
11
2
Job Security and Status
13
1
Job Opportunities for Teachers from Diverse Backgrounds
13
3
What Are the Challenges of Teaching?
16
5
Classroom Management and Increasing School Violence
16
2
Social Problems That Impact Students
18
1
Need for Family and Community Support
18
1
Long Working Hours and Job Stress
19
1
Gaining Professional Empowerment
19
1
Technology Highlights: Will I Be Prepared to Teach in a Digital Age?
20
1
What Is Teaching Really Like?
21
7
Reality 1: The Unpredictability of Outcomes
21
1
Students' Responses
21
2
Results in the Future
23
1
Reality 2: The Difficulty of Assessing Students' Learning
23
1
Reality 3: The Need for Teacher-Student Partnership
24
1
Reality 4: The Impact of Teachers' Attitudes
25
1
Reality 5: The Drama and Immediacy of Teaching
25
1
Reality 6: The Uniqueness of the Teaching Experience
26
2
What Does Society Expect of Teachers?
28
2
The Public Trust
28
1
Teacher Competency and Effectiveness
29
1
Teacher Accountability
29
1
How Do Good Teachers View Their Work?
30
8
A Way of Being
30
1
A Creative Endeavor
30
1
A Live Performance
31
1
A Form of Empowerment
31
1
Keepers of the Dream: Caroline Bitterwolf
32
1
An Opportunity to Serve
33
1
As Keepers of the Dream
33
1
Summary
33
2
Key Terms and Concepts
35
1
Applications and Activities
35
1
Teacher's Journal
35
1
Teacher's Database
36
1
Observations and Interviews
36
1
Professional Portfolio
37
1
Learning to Teach
38
40
Focus Questions
39
2
What Essential Knowledge Do You Need to Teach?
41
5
Self-Knowledge
41
1
Knowledge of Students
42
1
Professional Reflection: Inventorying your knowledge of children and youth
42
1
Knowledge of Subject
43
1
Knowledge of Methods for Applying Educational Theory and Research
43
1
Where Do You Stand? Which type of knowledge do teachers need more---subject-matter knowledge or professional knowledge?
44
2
What Are Five Ways of Viewing the Teacher Knowledge Base?
46
5
A Personal Development View
47
1
Research-Based Competencies
47
1
State Standards
48
1
A Job-Analysis Approach
48
1
Technology Highlights: What Technology-Related Knowledge and Skills Do Teachers Need?
49
1
Professional Views
50
1
How Do Reforms in Teacher Education Affect You?
51
2
Increased Academic Preparation
51
1
Expanded Role for Schools
52
1
National Certification
52
1
State Standards Boards
53
1
What Can You Learn from Observing in Classrooms?
53
4
Technology and Classroom Observations
53
1
Case to Consider: Ruth's Dilemma
54
1
Focused Observations
55
1
Observation Instruments
56
1
How Can You Gain Practical Experience for Becoming a Teacher?
57
5
Classroom Experiences
57
1
Microteaching
57
1
Simulations
57
1
Video Cases
58
1
Practica
58
1
Classroom Aides
58
1
Student Teaching
58
1
Student Teacher Journal Writing
58
1
Reflective Teaching Logs
59
1
Gaining Experiences in Multicultural Settings
60
1
Induction and Internship Programs
60
1
School-Based Teacher Education
61
1
Substitute Teaching
61
1
How Can You Develop Your Teaching Portfolio?
62
2
Portfolio Contents
63
1
Using a Portfolio
64
1
How Can You Benefit from Mentoring Relationships?
64
1
What Opportunities for Continuing Professional Development Will You Have?
65
13
Self-Assessment for Professional Growth
66
1
Teacher Workshops
67
1
Teacher Centers
67
1
Professional Development Schools
67
1
Supervision and Mentoring of Students Teachers
68
1
Graduate Study
68
1
Study on the Internet
68
1
Summary
68
3
Key Terms and Concepts
71
1
Applications and Activities
71
1
Teacher's Journal
71
1
Teacher's Database
72
1
Observations and Interviews
72
1
Professional Portfolio
73
1
Appendix 2.1: Florida Performance Measurement System
74
1
Appendix 2.2: Models of Professional Standards: Kentucky's New Teacher Standards
75
1
Appendix 2.3: Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium Standards
76
1
Appendix 2.4: Sample NBPTS Portfolio Exercise
77
1
Part Two Influences on the Professional Lives of Teachers
78
168
Dear Mentor
78
2
Ideas and Events That Have Shaped Education in the United States
80
42
Focus Questions
81
2
What Determines Your Educational Philosophy?
83
3
Beliefs about Teaching and Learning
83
1
Technology Highlights: How can the World Wide Web enhance your study of and interest in the philosophy and history of education?
84
1
Beliefs about Students
84
1
Beliefs about Knowledge
85
1
Beliefs about What Is Worth Knowing
86
1
What Are the Branches of Philosophy?
86
3
Metaphysics
86
1
Epistemology
87
1
Axiology
87
1
Ethics
88
1
Aesthetics
88
1
Logic
89
1
What Are Five Modern Philosophical Orientations to Teaching?
89
4
Perennialism
89
1
Perennialist Educational Philosophers
90
1
Essentialism
90
1
Progressivism
91
1
Progressive Strategies
91
1
Existentialism
91
1
Social Reconstructionism
92
1
Social Reconstructionism and Progressivism
92
1
What Psychological Orientations Have Influenced Teaching Philosophies?
93
2
Humanistic Psychology
93
1
Behaviorism
93
1
Founders of Behavioristic Psychology
94
1
Constructivism
94
1
How Can You Develop Your Educational Philosophy?
95
1
What Were Teaching and Schools Like in the American Colonies (1620--1750)?
96
3
Colonial Schools
96
2
The Origins of Mandated Education
98
1
Education for African Americans and Native Americans
98
1
What Were the Goals of Education during the Revolutionary Period (1750--1820)?
99
2
Benjamin Franklin's Academy
99
1
Sarah Pierce's Female Academy
100
1
Thomas Jefferson's Philosophy
100
1
Noah Webster's Speller
101
1
How Was the Struggle Won for State-Supported Common Schools (1820--1865)?
101
4
Where Do You Stand? Should School attendance beyond the elementary level become voluntary?
102
1
Horace Mann's Contributions
103
1
Improving Schools
104
1
The Normal School
104
1
Reverend W. H. McGuffey's Readers
105
1
Justin Morill's Land-Grant Schools
105
1
How Did Compulsory Education Change Schools and the Teaching Profession (1865--1920)?
105
3
Higher Education for African Americans
106
1
The Kindergarten
106
1
The Professionalization of Teaching
107
1
Professional Reflection: Reflecting on Changes in the Image of Teachers
107
1
What Were the Aims of Education during the Progressive Era (1920--1945)?
108
2
John Dewey's Laboratory School
109
1
Maria Montessori's Method
109
1
Education of Immigrants and Minorities
110
1
How Did Education Change during the Modern Postwar Era (1945--2000)?
110
12
The 1950s: Defense Education and School Desegregation
110
2
Keepers of the Dream: Marian Wright Edelman
112
1
The 1960s: The War on Poverty and the Great Society
112
1
The 1970s: Accountability and Equal Opportunity
112
3
The 1980s: A Great Debate
115
1
The 1990s and into the Twenty-First Century: Teacher Leadership
115
1
Summary
116
3
Key Terms and Concepts
119
1
Applications and Activities
120
1
Teacher's Journal
120
1
Teacher's Database
120
1
Observations and Interviews
120
1
Professional Portfolio
121
1
Social Realities Confronting Today's Schools
122
42
Focus Questions
123
2
What Are the Aims of Education Today?
125
5
Education for National Goals
125
1
Education for Prosocial Values
126
1
Education for Socialization
126
1
Education for Achievement
127
1
Education for Personal Growth
128
1
Education for Social Change
128
1
Education for Equal Educational Opportunity
128
2
How Can Schools Be Described?
130
1
Metaphors for Schools
130
1
Schools and Social Class
130
1
What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions?
131
6
The School as a Reflection of Society
131
2
Rural, Suburban, and Urban Schools
133
1
Schools and Community Environments
133
1
Technology Highlights: Do Students in Urban Schools Have Equal Access to Up-to-Date Technologies?
134
1
The Culture of the School
134
1
The Physical Environment
135
1
Formal Practices of Schools
135
1
School Traditions
136
1
The Culture of the Classroom
136
1
What Characteristics Distinguish Successful Schools?
137
2
Measures of Success
137
1
Research on School Effectiveness
137
2
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?
139
14
Identifying Students at Risk
139
2
Children and Poverty
141
1
Case to Consider: Pharoah's Perspective
142
2
Family Stress
144
2
Substance Abuse
146
1
Violence and Crime
146
3
Professional Reflection: Identifying factors behind youth violence
149
1
Teen Pregnancy
149
1
Where Do You Stand? Should metal detectors be installed in schools?
150
2
Students with HIV/AIDS
152
1
Suicide among Children and Youths
152
1
What Are Schools Doing to Address Societal Problems?
153
11
Intervention Programs
153
1
Peer Counseling
153
1
Full-Service Schools
154
1
School-Based Interprofessional Case Management
155
1
Compensatory Education
155
1
Alternative Schools and Curricula
156
1
Summary
157
1
Key Terms and Concepts
158
1
Applications and Activities
159
1
Teacher's Journal
159
1
Teacher's Database
159
1
Observations and Interviews
160
1
Professional Portfolio
160
1
Appendix 4.1: School Safety Checklist
161
1
Appendix 4.2: Selected Resources for Meeting Needs of Students Placed at Risk
162
2
Struggles for Control of Schools in the United States
164
36
Focus Questions
165
2
Who Is Involved in the Struggles for Control of Schools in the United States?
167
2
What Is the Role of the Local Community in School Governance?
169
7
Local School District
169
1
School Board
170
1
Superintendent of Schools
170
1
The Role of Parents
171
1
Keepers of the Dream: Marcia McVey
172
1
School Restructuring
173
1
School-Based Management
174
1
Chicago School Reform
174
2
What Powers and Influence Do States Have in Governing Schools?
176
3
The Roles of State Government in Education
176
1
The Legislature
176
1
The Courts
177
1
The Governor
177
1
State Board of Education
178
1
State Department of Education
178
1
Chief State School Officer
179
1
What Assistance Do Regional Education Agencies Provide?
179
4
How Does the Federal Government Influence Education?
180
1
Technology Highlights: How should federal revenues be distributed to the states for the purchase of educational technology?
181
1
The Impact of Presidential Policies
182
1
U.S. Department of Education
183
1
Professional Reflection: Examining the tension between federal and state roles in education
183
1
How Are Schools Financed in the United States?
183
5
Local Funding
186
1
State Funding
186
1
Federal Funding
186
2
What Are Some Trends in Funding for Equity and Excellence?
188
12
Tax Reform and Redistricting
188
1
Vertical Equity
189
1
School Choice
189
1
Where Do You Stand? School vouchers: Pro or con?
190
2
Voucher Systems
192
1
Corporate-Education Partnerships
193
1
Summary
193
2
Key Terms and Concepts
195
1
Applications and Activities
196
1
Teacher's Journal
196
1
Teacher's Database
196
1
Observations and Interviews
197
1
Professional Portfolio
197
1
Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Teachers to Think and Act Politically
198
1
Appendix 5.2: Typical Organizational Structur for a Medium-size School District
199
1
Ethical and Legal Issues in Education in the United States
200
46
Focus Questions
201
2
Why Do You Need a Professional Code of Ethics?
203
3
Ethical Teaching Attitudes and Practices
203
1
Case to Consider: Lisa's Ethical Challenge
204
2
Ethical Dilemmas in Classroom and School
206
1
What Are Your Legal Rights as a Teacher?
206
7
Certification
207
1
Teacher's Rights to Nondiscrimination
207
1
Teaching Contracts
208
1
Due Process in Tenure and Dismissal
209
2
Academic Freedom
211
1
Famous Cases
211
1
State's Rights
212
1
Professional Reflection: Evaluating statements about academic freedom
213
1
Do Student Teachers Have the Same Rights?
213
2
What Are Your Legal Responsibilities as a Teacher?
215
8
Avoiding Tort Liability
215
1
Negligence
216
1
Educational Malpractice
217
3
Reporting Child Abuse
220
1
Observing Copyright Laws
220
1
Photocopies
220
1
Technology Highlights: What ethical and legal issus will you face regarding the use of computer software?
221
1
Videotapes
221
1
Computer Software
221
1
Electronic Mail and the Internet
222
1
Publishing on the Internet
222
1
What Are the Legal Rights of Students and Parents?
223
9
Freedom of Expression
223
1
Censorship
223
1
Dress Codes
224
1
Due Process in Suspension and Expulsion
225
1
Where Do You Stand? Should school require students to wear uniforms?
226
2
Reasonable Search and Seizure
228
2
Privacy
230
1
Students' Rights to Nondiscrimination
231
1
What Are Some Issues in the Legal Rights of School Districts?
232
14
Corporal Punishment
232
1
Sexual Harassment
233
2
Religious Expression
235
2
Home Schooling
237
1
Summary
238
2
Key Terms and Concepts
240
1
Applications and Activities
240
1
Teacher's Journal
240
1
Teacher's Database
241
1
Observations and Interviews
241
1
Professional Portfolio
242
1
Appendix 6.1: NEA Code of Ethics for Teachers
243
1
Appendix 6.2: NEA Bill of Rights for Student Teachers
244
2
Part Three The Art of Teaching
246
208
Dear Mentor
246
2
Teaching Diverse Learners
248
40
Focus Questions
249
2
How Is Diversity Embedded in the Culture of the United States?
251
9
The Meaning of Culture
252
1
Dimensions of Culture
253
Cultural Identity
252
1
Language and Culture
252
4
The Concept of Multiculturalism
256
1
Ethinicity and Race
256
1
The Concept of Minorities
257
1
Minority Groups and Academic Achievement
257
1
Language Minorities
258
1
Stereotyping and Racism
259
1
Professional Reflection: Reflecting on your cultural identity
259
1
What Does Equal Educational Opportunity Mean?
260
8
Education and African Americans
260
1
The Desegregation Era
261
1
Resegregation of Schools in the United States
261
1
The Learning Needs of African-American Students
262
1
Afrocentric Schools
263
1
Education and Latino and Hispanic Americans
263
1
Socioeconomic Factors
263
1
The Learning Needs of Spanish-Speaking Students
264
1
Education and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
264
1
Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors
265
1
Teachers' Concerns about Asian American Students
265
1
Education and Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
266
1
Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors
267
1
Research on Native American Ways of Knowing
267
1
What Is Meant by Bilingual Education?
268
4
Research and Debate on Bilingual Programs
269
1
Where Do You Stand? Is multiculural education unifying or divisive?
270
2
Advice for Monolingual Teachers
272
1
What Is Multicultural Education?
272
5
Dimensions of Multicultural Education
273
1
Keepers of the Dream: Peter White: Opportunity Creator
274
1
Multicultural Curricula
275
1
Multicultural Instructional Materials and Strategies
276
1
How Is Gender a Dimension of Multicultural Education?
277
11
Technology Highlights: Does gender equity exist in the use of educational technology?
278
1
Gender Differences
278
1
Gender and Education
279
2
Gender-Fair Classrooms and Curricula
281
1
Sexual Orientation
281
1
Summary
282
2
Key Terms and Concepts
284
1
Applications and Activities
284
1
Teacher's Journal
284
1
Teacher's Database
284
1
Observations and Interviews
285
1
Professional Portfolio
285
1
Appendix 7.1 Can You Recognize Racism?
286
2
Addressing Learners' Individual Needs
288
44
Focus Questions
289
1
How Do Students' Needs Change as They Develop?
290
11
Piaget's Model of Cognitive Development
291
1
Erikson's Model of Psychosocial Development
291
2
Kohlberg's Model of Moral Development
293
3
Where Do You Stand? Is character education an effective way to improve society?
296
2
Maslow's Model of a Hierarchy of Needs
298
1
Developmental Stresses and Tasks of Childhood
298
2
Developmental Stresses and Tasks of Adolescence
300
1
How Do Students Vary in Intelligence?
301
5
Intelligence Testing
302
1
Multiple Intelligences
303
2
Learning Styles
305
1
Professional Reflection: Identifying your learning style preferences
305
1
How Do Students Vary in Ability and Disability?
306
6
Exceptional Learners
306
1
Students with Disabilities
307
2
Students Who Are Gifted and Talented
309
3
What Are Special Education, Mainstreaming, and Inclusion?
312
5
Special Education Laws
312
2
Meeting the Mainstreaming Challenge
314
1
The Debate Over Inclusion
315
1
Equal Opportunity for Exceptional Learners
316
1
How Can You Teach All Learners in Your Inclusive Classroom?
317
15
Collaborative Consultation with Other Professionals
317
1
Case to Consider: Help! Tell me about this kid!
318
2
Working with Parents
320
1
Assistive Technology for Special Learners
320
1
Technology Highlights: How can word prediction software enhance the writing abilities of students with disabilities?
321
1
Summary
322
2
Key Terms and Concepts
324
1
Applications and Activities
325
1
Teacher's Journal
325
1
Teacher's Database
325
1
Observations and Interviews
326
1
Professional Portfolio
326
2
Appendix 8.1 A Sample Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
328
3
Appendix 8.2 Examples of Instructional Strategies for Teaching All Learners
331
1
Creating a Community of Learners
332
36
Focus Questions
333
2
What Determines the Culture of the Classroom?
335
3
Classroom Climate
335
2
Classroom Dynamics
337
1
Teacher Communication
337
1
Student Interaction
337
1
How Can You Create a Positive Learning Environment?
338
8
The Caring Classroom
338
1
The Classroom as a Physical Environment
339
2
Classroom Organization
341
1
Grouping Students by Ability
341
1
Grouping Students for Cooperative Lerning
341
1
Keepers of the Dream: Nel Noddings: Leader in the Challenge to Care
342
1
Delivering Instruction
343
1
Professional Reflection: How do low- and high-authentic pedagogy differ?
344
1
Structuring the Use of Time
345
1
What Are the Keys to Successful Classroom Management?
346
5
The Democratic Classroom
346
1
Preventive Planning
347
1
Establishing Rules and Procedures
347
1
Organizing and Planning for Instruction
348
1
Effective Responses to Student Behavior
348
1
Severity of Misbehavior
348
1
Constructive Assertiveness
349
1
Teacher Problem Solving
350
1
Developing Your Own Approach to Classroom Management
351
1
What Teaching Methods Do Effective Teachers Use?
351
5
Methods Based on Learning New Behaviors
353
1
Methods Based on Child Development
353
2
Methods Based on the Thinking Process
355
1
Methods Based on Peer-Mediated Instruction
356
1
What Are Some Characteristics of Effective Teaching?
356
12
Establishing Goals
357
1
Linking Assessment with Instruction
358
1
Examples of Effective Teachers
359
1
Laurie Robben, Fourth Grade Teacher, Greenwhich, Connecticut
359
1
Where Do You Stand? Should the use of standardized testing be increased?
360
2
Technology Highlights: How do effective teachers use technology to enhance their instruction?
362
1
Terri Jenkins, Eighth Grade Middle School Language Arts Teacher, Hephzibah, Georgia
362
1
James P. Anderson, Barbara Floisand, David Martinez, and Dalmar P. Robinson, Alternative High School Teachers, Salt Lake City, Utah
363
1
Summary
363
2
Key Terms and Concepts
365
1
Applications and Activities
365
1
Teacher's Journal
365
1
Teacher's Database
366
1
Observations and Interviews
366
1
Professional Portfolio
367
1
Developing and Implementing the Curriculum
368
44
Focus Questions
369
1
What Is Taught in Schools?
370
5
Kinds of Curriculum
371
1
Explicit Curriculum
371
1
Hidden Curriculum
371
1
Null Curriculum
372
1
Professional Reflection: Identifying kinds of curriculum
372
1
Extracurricular/Cocurricular Programs
372
2
Curriculum Content
374
1
How Is the School Curriculum Developed?
375
4
The Focus of Curriculum Planning
375
1
Student-Centered versus Subject-Centered Curricula
376
1
The Integrated Curriculum
376
1
Who Plans the Curriculum?
377
1
What Influences Curricular Decisions?
378
1
Social Issues and Changing Values
378
1
Textbook Publishing
379
1
What Reform Efforts Have Affected the Curriculum?
379
12
Case to Consider: Ms. Hyman's ESL Writing Lesson
380
3
Church, Nation, and School
383
1
Children and School
384
1
The Committee of Ten
384
1
The Committee of Fifteen
385
1
The Reorganization of Secondary Education
385
1
Standards and the Schools
385
1
The Push for Mass Education
385
1
The Progressive Curriculum
386
1
The Eight-Year Study
386
1
The Push for Excellence
387
1
The Inquiry-Based Curriculum
387
1
The Relevancy-Based Curriculum
387
1
Where Do You Stand? Is raising national educational standards an effective way to improve education?
388
2
The Core Curriculum
390
1
Performance-Based Education
390
1
What Are Some Current Subject-Area Trends?
391
21
Reading and Writing
391
2
Mathematics
393
2
Science and Technology
395
1
Technology Highlights: How can educational software change the roles of teachers and students?
396
1
Social Studies
397
3
Foreign Languages
400
1
The Arts
401
1
Physical Education
402
1
Vocational-Technical Education
403
1
Summary
404
1
Key Terms and Concepts
405
1
Applications and Activities
406
1
Teacher's Journal
406
1
Teacher's Database
406
1
Observations and Interviews
406
1
Professional Portfolio
407
1
Appendix 10.1 Selected Subject-Area References for Curriculum Planning
408
4
Teaching with Technology
412
42
Focus Questions
413
2
How Are Educational Technologies Influencing Schools?
415
3
Technology and the Challenge to Schools
415
1
Professional Reflection: How technically proficient are you?
416
2
What Technologies Are Available for Teaching?
418
9
The Television Revolution
418
1
Channel One
419
1
The Computer Revolution
420
1
Computers and Instruction
420
2
The ``Magic'' of Media
422
1
Hypermedia
422
1
Computer Simulations
423
1
Home-School Communication Systems
423
1
Keepers of the Dream: Kristi Rennebohm Franz: Technology and Multicultural Educator
424
1
The Internet
424
1
Newsgroups
424
2
Technology Highlights: Can the Internet enhance school-home communication and parental involvement?
426
1
Chat Rooms
426
1
Videoconferencing
427
1
How Do Teachers Use Computers and the Interent?
427
3
Preparing Lessons
427
1
Communicating with Other Educators
428
1
Posting Information and Student Work on the Web
428
1
Facilitating Students' Learning Via Computers and Cyberspace
429
1
What Are the Effects of Computer Technology on Learning?
430
2
Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow Project (ACOT)
430
1
Integrating Technology
431
1
Findings from Other Research Studies
431
1
Should Technology Be at the Forefront of Efforts to Improve Schools in the United States?
432
3
The Opposition: Computers Will Not Improve Education
434
1
The Advocates: Computers Will Improve Education
435
1
What Barriers Limit the Integration of Technology into Schools?
435
19
Where Do You Stand? Is the use of technology in schools overemphasized?
436
2
Pillar 1: Access to Technology for All Students
438
1
Funding for Computers and Technical Support
439
1
Commercial Computer Labs
440
1
Unequal Access to Technology
440
2
Pillar 2: Internet Access for All Schools
442
1
Pillar 3: Quality Educational Software
443
1
Pillar 4: Teacher Training in Technology
444
3
Summary
447
2
Key Terms and Concepts
449
1
Applications and Activities
449
1
Teacher's Journal
449
1
Teacher's Database
450
1
Observations and Interviews
450
1
Professional Portfolio
450
1
Appendix 11.1 Criteria for Evaluating Software Programs
451
2
Appendix 11.2 Criteria for Evaluating World Wide Web Sites
453
1
Part Four Your Teaching Future
454
125
Dear Mentor
454
2
Teachers as Educational Leaders
456
42
Focus Questions
457
2
To What Extent Is Teaching a Full Profession?
459
5
Institutional Monopoly of Services
459
1
Teacher Autonomy
460
1
Years of Education and Training
461
1
Provision of Essential Service
462
1
Degree of Self-Governance
462
1
Professional Associations
463
1
Professional Knowledge and Skills
463
1
Level of Public Trust
463
1
Prestige, Benefits, and Pay
463
1
What Is Professionalism in Teaching?
464
5
Professional Behavior
464
1
Reflection-in-Action
464
1
Becoming a Mentor
465
1
Lifelong Learning
465
1
Case to Consider: Martha's Leadership
466
2
Learning to Become a Leader
468
1
Involvement in the Profession
468
1
To What Professional Organizations Do Teachers Belong?
469
5
The National Education Association
469
1
The American Federation of Teachers
470
1
A Merger between the NEA and AFT?
471
1
Other Professional Organizations
471
1
Where Do You Stand? Do teachers' unions have a positive effect on education?
472
2
What New Leadership Roles for Teachers Are Emerging?
474
5
Teacher Involvement in Teacher Education, Certification, and Staff Development
474
1
Teacher-Leaders
475
1
Technology Highlights: How are teachers playing a leadership role in the development and dissemination of multimedia software?
476
1
Dimensions of Teacher Leadership beyond the Classroom
477
2
Professional Reflection: Working with principals
479
1
How Do Teachers Contribute to Educational Research?
479
4
Sources of Educational Research
480
1
Government Resources for Research Application
480
1
Conducting Classroom Action Research
481
2
How Are Teachers Providing Leadership for School Restructuring and Curriculum Reform?
483
15
Leadership and Collaboration for School Reform
483
2
Collaborative School Reform Networks
485
1
Coalition of Essential Schools
485
1
National Network for Educational Renewal
486
1
Accelerated Schools
486
1
State-Based Educational Partnerships
486
1
Summary
486
2
Key Terms and Concepts
488
1
Applications and Activities
488
1
Teacher's Journal
488
1
Teacher's Database
489
1
Observations and Interviews
489
1
Professional Portfolio
489
1
Appendix 12.1 Sampler of Professional Organizations for Teachers
490
5
Appendix 12.2 Selected Education Journals
495
2
Appendix 12.3 Coalition of Essential Schools: Ten Common Principles
497
1
Your First Teaching Position
498
46
Focus Questions
499
2
How Will You Become Certified or Licensed to Teach?
501
5
State Certification Requirements
501
3
Alternative Certification
504
1
The Praxis Series
505
1
Where Will You Teach?
506
3
A Favorable Job Market
506
1
Demand by Specialty Area and Geographic Region
507
1
Other Career Opportunities for Teachers
508
1
How Will You Find Your First Teaching Job?
509
7
Finding Out about Teaching Vacancies
509
2
Preparing Your Resume
511
1
Writing Letters of Inquiry and Applications
511
2
Participating in a Job Interview
513
2
Accepting an Offer
515
1
Professional Reflection: What elements are essential for your job satisfaction?
515
1
Technology Highlights: How can you create an electronic professional portfolio?
516
1
What Can You Expect as a Beginning Teacher?
516
2
The First Day
516
2
Advice from Experienced Teachers
518
1
How Can You Become a Part of Your Learning Community?
518
6
Relationships with Students
518
1
Relationships with Colleagues and Staff
519
1
Relationships with Administrators
520
1
Relationships with Parents
520
2
Where Do You Stand? Should teachers be required to make home visits?
522
2
Community Relations
524
1
How Can You Participate in Teacher Collaboration?
524
3
Peer Coaching
525
1
Staff Development
525
1
Team Teaching
526
1
Co-Teaching
526
1
How Will Your Performance as a Teacher Be Evaluated?
527
17
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation
527
1
Keepers of the Dream: Mary Lynn Peacher: The Teacher with Heart
528
1
Clinical Supervision
528
2
Summary
530
1
Key Terms and Concepts
531
1
Applications and Activities
532
1
Teacher's Journal
532
1
Teacher's Database
532
1
Observations and Interviews
532
1
Professional Portfolio
533
1
Appendix 13.1 Directory of State Teacher Certification Offices in the United States
534
3
Appendix 13.2 Parties to the Interstate Certification Agreement Contract
537
1
Appendix 13.3 Job Search Timetable Checklist
538
1
Appendix 13.4 Resume Advice for Educators
539
2
Appendix 13.5 Critical Information to Know about School Districts
541
2
Appendix 13.6 Negotiating a School's Culture: A Political Roadmap for the First-Year Teacher
543
1
Education Issues for the Twenty-First Century
544
35
Focus Questions
545
2
What Knowledge and Skills Will Prepare Students for a Global Information Age?
547
3
Literacy in Language, Mathematics, and Science
547
1
New Technological Skills
548
1
Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, and Creativity
548
1
Social Awareness, Communication Skills, and Team Building
549
1
Global Awareness and Conservation Skills
549
1
Health and Wellness Education
549
1
Moral and Ethical Orientation
549
1
Aesthetics Awareness
550
1
Lifelong, Self-Directed Learning
550
1
How Can Schools and Teachers Provide an Outstanding Education for All Learners?
550
4
Equity for All Students
551
1
Case to Consider: An exemplary school
552
2
Active, Authentic Learning
554
1
How Can Community-Based Partnerships Address Social Problems That Hinder Students' Learning?
554
5
The Community as a Resource for Schools
555
1
Civic Organizations
555
1
Volunteer Mentor Programs
555
1
Corporate-Education Partnerships
555
2
Schools as Resources for Communities
557
1
Beyond the School Day
557
1
Social Services
558
1
How Will the Privatization Movement Affect Equity and Excellence in Education?
559
5
Charter Schools
560
1
For-Profit Schools
561
1
Where Do You Stand? Is privatization an effective way to improve education in the United States?
562
2
Technology Highlights: How does the United States compare to other countries regarding the importance of information technology in the curriculum?
564
1
What Can Teachers and Schools Learn from International Education?
564
7
Comparative Education
565
International Comparisons of Achievement
556
12
A National Curriculum?
568
1
Lessons from Other Countries
569
1
Support for Teachers and Teaching
569
2
Parental Involvement
571
1
Pressure to Excel
571
1
What Is Our Vision for the Future of Education?
571
8
Tomorrow's Teacher
573
1
Professional Reflection: What does the future hold for education in your state?
574
1
Summary
575
2
Key Terms and Concepts
577
1
Applications and Activities
577
1
Teacher's Journal
577
1
Teacher's Database
578
1
Observations and Interviews
578
1
Professional Portfolio
578
1
References
579
14
Glossary
593
8
Name Index
601
4
Subject Index
605