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Tables of Contents for Human Well-Being and the Environment
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Summary and Guide
xviii
Introduction: Means and Ends
1
1
Making Comparisons
1
2
Disagreements over Facts and Values
3
4
Valuation and Evaluation in Kakotopia
7
2
PART I: VALUING AND EVALUATING
9
32
Prologue
11
2
The Notion of Well-Being
13
11
Personal to the Social
13
1
Welfare and Well-Being
14
1
Human Rights as Constituents of Well-Being
15
3
Positive and Negative Rights
18
1
Aggregation in Theory
19
1
Numerical Indices: Complete vs. Partial Ordering
20
2
Complete vs. Partial Comparability of Well-Being
22
2
Ordering Social States
24
3
Definitions
24
1
Efficient Liberalism
25
2
Why Measure Well-Being?
27
6
Measuring Economic Activity
27
1
Comparing Groups
27
1
Comparing Localities
28
1
Measuring Sustainable Well-Being
29
1
Finding Criteria for Policy Evaluation
30
1
Four Senses of Plurality
30
3
Constituents and Determinants of Well-Being
33
8
Constituents or Determinants?
33
1
Valuation, Trust, and Institutions
34
2
Happiness
36
2
Imitation and the Demonstration Effect
38
3
PART II: MEASURING CURRENT WELL-BEING
41
44
Prologue
43
2
Theory
45
11
Citizenship: Civil, Political, and Socio-Economic
45
1
The Need for Parsimony
46
2
Exotic Goods and Basic Needs
48
2
Civic Attitudes, Entitlements, and Democracy
50
3
Aggregation in Practice
53
1
Cardinal or Ordinal Indices
54
2
Current Quality of Life in Poor Countries
56
29
The Data
56
3
Borda Ranking
59
3
GNP and Current Well-Being
62
1
The Contemporary Poor World
63
3
Civil Rights, Democracy, and Economic Progress: Theory
66
3
Civil Rights, Democracy, and Economic Progress: Illustration
69
7
Geography of Poverty Traps
76
4
The Human Development Index: Development as What?
80
5
PART III: MEASURING WELL-BEING OVER TIME
85
78
Prologue
86
3
Intergenerational Well-Being
89
15
The Ramsey Formulation
89
5
Discounting the Future
94
2
Public and Private Ethics
96
2
Population Growth
98
3
Uncertainty
101
3
Intergenerational Conflicts
104
3
Present vs. the Future
104
1
Declining Discount Rates
105
2
Economic Institutions and the Natural Environment
107
15
Markets
107
3
The Local Community
110
4
The State
114
2
Property Rights and Management: A Schemata
116
1
Global and Local Environmental Problems
117
2
Technological Biases
119
3
Valuing Goods
122
17
Accounting Prices
122
2
Necessities vs. Luxuries
124
3
Biodiversity and Substitution Possibilities
127
4
Estimating Accounting Prices
131
6
Total vs. Incremental Values
137
2
Wealth and Well-Being
139
24
Sustainable Development
139
3
Capital Assets and Institutions
142
4
Genuine Investment: Theory
146
3
Why not NNP?
149
2
What Does Productivity Growth Measure?
151
3
Accounting for the Environment
154
2
Genuine Investment: Applications
156
7
PART IV: EVALUATING POLICIES IN IMPERFECT ECONOMIES
163
42
Prologue
165
2
Policy Reforms
167
12
Policy Change as Perturbation
167
1
Project Evaluation Criterion
168
4
Two Applications
172
1
Taxes and Regulations as Policies
173
4
Hard and Soft Prices
177
2
Discounting Future Consumption
179
13
Why
179
1
How
180
3
Global Warming and Discounting
183
4
Gamma Discounting
187
3
Project-Specific Discounting
190
1
Total or Incremental Output?
191
1
Institutional Responses to Policy Change
192
13
Non-Market Interactions
192
4
Growth or Redistribution?
196
3
Managing Local Irrigation Systems
199
1
Structural Adjustment Programmes and the Natural Environment
200
2
Poverty and Freer Trade
202
3
PART V: VALUING POTENTIAL LIVES
205
31
Prologue
207
4
Some Views
211
4
Old Theories
211
1
Average Utilitarianism
212
3
Classical Utilitarianism and the Genesis Problem
215
5
Formulating the Theory
215
3
Optimum Population Size
218
2
Numbers and Well-Being under Classical Utilitarianism
220
2
Actual vs. Potential Lives
222
9
What is Wrong with the Genesis Problem?
222
1
Actual Problems
223
3
Generation-Relative Ethics
226
2
Rational Ends
228
3
Generation-Relative Utilitarianism
231
5
Appendix
236
27
A.1. The Basic Model
236
2
A.2. The Imperfect Economy
238
3
A.3. Measuring Current Well-Being
241
1
A.4. Accounting Prices
242
2
A.5. Project Evaluation
244
2
A.6. Wealth and Sustainable Well-Being
246
1
A.7. Valuing and Evaluating
247
1
A.8. The Current-Value Hamiltonian
247
2
A.9. The Welfare Significance of NNP
249
1
A.10. Cross-Country Comparisons
250
2
A.11. Global Public Goods
252
1
A.12. Evaluation of Permanent Policy Change
252
1
A.13. Illustration
253
2
A.14. Technological Change and Growth Accounting
255
3
A.15. Population Change
258
1
A.16. Further Extensions
259
4
References
263
24
Name Index
287
6
Subject Index
293
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