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Tables of Contents for International Law and the Environment
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Abbreviations
xi
xvii
xxii
International Law and the Environment
1
33
Introduction
1
9
Sources of International Law and the Law-making Process
10
17
Conclusions
27
7
International Governance and the Formulation of Environmental Law and Policy
34
45
International Governance: The Role of International Organizations
34
3
The UN and the Development of International Environmental Policy
37
10
The UN and Environmental Governance
47
10
Other International Organizations Involved in the Development of International Environmental Law and Policy
57
8
Scientific Organizations
65
1
Non-Governmental Organizations
66
3
Conclusions
69
10
The Structure of International Environmental Law I: Rights and Obligations of States
79
99
Introduction
79
5
Sustainable Development: Legal Implications
84
13
Global Environmental Responsibility
97
7
Customary International Law Concerning Transboundary Pollution and Environmental Harm
104
33
The Legal Status of Natural Resources and Common Spaces
137
7
General Principles of International Law Governing Resource Exploitation and Protection of the Environment
144
4
Military Activities and the Environment
148
3
Conclusions and Assessment
151
27
The Structure of International Environmental Law II: Regulation, Compliance, Enforcement, and Dispute Settlement
178
72
Introduction
178
3
State Responsibility in International Law
181
19
Regulation and Supervision by International Institutions
200
20
Dispute Settlement
220
12
Conclusions
232
18
The Structure of International Environmental Law III: Environmental Rights and Crimes
250
48
Introduction
250
2
Human Rights and the Environment
252
15
Transboundary Environmental Rights
267
15
Individual Responsibility for Environmental Harm
282
4
Conclusions
286
12
Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use of International Watercourses
298
49
Introduction
298
8
Protection of Watercourse Environments
306
17
Regional Co-operation and Environmental Regulation
323
6
Conclusions
329
18
The Law of the Sea and the Protection of the Marine Environment
347
57
Introduction
347
4
Customary Law and the 1982 UNCLOS
351
3
Regional Protection of the Marine Environment
354
5
Pollution from Ships
359
18
Pollution Incidents and Emergencies at Sea
377
5
Responsibility and Liability for Damage
382
8
Conclusions
390
14
The International Control of Hazardous Waste
404
48
Introduction
404
4
Land-based Sources of Marine Pollution
408
11
Dumping at Sea
419
9
International Trade in Hazardous Substances
428
10
Conclusions
438
14
Nuclear Energy and the Environment
452
48
Introduction: International Nuclear Policy
452
2
The International Regulation of Nuclear Energy
454
13
Control of Nuclear Risks: Customary Law
467
5
State Responsibility for Nuclear Damage
472
4
Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
476
8
Conclusions
484
16
Protecting the Atmosphere and Outer Space
500
45
Introduction
500
4
Transboundary Air Pollution
504
12
Protecting the Global Atmosphere
516
18
Outer Space
534
1
Conclusions
535
10
Conservation of Nature, Ecosystems, and Biodiversity: Principles and Problems
545
54
Introduction
545
1
Concepts of Nature Conservation and Natural Resources
546
8
The Role of Law in the Protection of Nature
554
7
Codification and Development of International Law on Nature Protection
561
7
The Convention on Biological Diversity
568
21
Conclusions
589
10
Conservation of Migratory and Land-Based Species and Biodiversity
599
47
Introduction
599
1
Implementation of Principles and Strategies through Conservation Treaties
600
15
Significance and Effectiveness of the Major Global Wildlife Conventions
615
16
Post-UNCED Instruments for Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity
631
3
The Regional Approach
634
1
Co-ordination of Conventions and Organs
634
2
Conclusions
636
10
Conservation of Marine Living Resources and Biodiversity
646
51
Introduction
646
2
Jurisdiction over Fisheries and Marine Mammals: Concepts and Limits
648
5
The Development of International Fisheries Regimes
653
2
The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
655
15
Post-UNCLOS Developments
670
9
Conservation of Marine Biodiversity
679
4
Conclusions
683
14
International Trade and Environmental Protection
697
54
Introduction
697
1
The Multilateral Trading System
698
7
Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Trade Restrictions
705
2
Trade Restrictions to Protect Resources Beyond National Jurisdiction
707
7
Trade Restrictions to Protect the Domestic Environment
714
7
Pollution Havens: Trade Restrictions to Improve the Environment of Other Countries
721
5
The Export of Hazardous Substances and Wastes
726
2
Environmental Taxes
728
4
Intellectual Property
732
7
Conclusions
739
12
Conclusions
751
6
Bibliography
757
22
Index
779