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Tables of Contents for Semiotic Grammar
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Figures
xix
1
List of Tables
xx
1
Abbreviations and Conventions
xxi
1 Introduction
1
20
1.1 Why semiotic grammar?--grammar as a semiotic system
1
2
1.2 Formal and functional theories of grammar
3
4
1.3 Goals and aims of semiotic grammar
7
3
1.4 Methodological issues
10
8
1.4.1 Primary methods and data
10
4
1.4.2 Criteria of adequacy
14
4
1.5 Structure of this book
18
3
2 Basic Concepts of Grammatical Theory
21
33
2.1 Constituency
21
11
2.1.1 Basic notions
21
7
2.1.2 Constituency, units, and functions
28
4
2.2 Parts of speech
32
6
2.3 Signs
38
7
2.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
45
3
2.5 On meaning
48
6
3 Syntagmatic Relations: A Classification of Signs
54
34
3.1 The inadequacy of constituency
54
4
3.2 Other types of syntagmatic relationship
58
15
3.2.1 Dependency relations
59
5
3.2.2 Conjugational relations
64
6
3.2.3 Linking relations
70
3
3.3 A classification of signs
73
7
3.4 Types of linguistic unit
80
4
3.5 Overview of semiotic grammar
84
4
4 Constituency: The Experiential Semiotic
88
49
4.1 Fundamental units and relationships
88
5
4.2 The clause
93
26
4.2.1 Transitivity: an experiential classification of clauses
93
13
4.2.2 Another experiential classification of clauses
106
7
4.2.3 Participant roles
113
2
4.2.4 Non-participant roles
115
3
4.2.5 Uniqueness of roles
118
1
4.3 The phrase
119
8
4.3.1 The Nominal Phrase
119
3
4.3.2 The Verb Phrase
122
4
4.3.3 Other types of phrases
126
1
4.4 Rankshifting and embedding
127
10
5 Dependency: The Logical Semiotic
137
72
5.1 Types of dependency relationships
137
3
5.2 Dependency relations within clauses
140
35
5.2.1 Relational clauses
140
15
5.2.1.1 Elaborating relational clauses
143
6
5.2.1.2 Enhancing relational clauses
149
2
5.2.1.3 Extending relational clauses
151
4
5.2.2 Situation clauses with inherent logical relationships
155
13
5.2.2.1 Situation clauses with an inherent relationship of elaboration
156
9
5.2.2.2 Situation clauses with an inherent relationship of enhancement
165
1
5.2.2.3 Situation clauses with an inherent relationship of extension
166
2
5.2.3 Non-inherent logical relationships in situation clauses
168
7
5.2.3.1 Enhancement
168
3
5.2.3.2 Elaboration
171
4
5.2.3.3 Extension
175
1
5.3 Dependency relations within phrases
175
12
5.3.1 NPs
176
7
5.3.1.1 Elaboration in NPs
176
4
5.3.1.2 Extension in NPs
180
2
5.3.1.3 Enhancement in NPs
182
1
5.3.1.4 Concluding remarks
182
1
5.3.2 VPs
183
4
5.3.2.1 Elaboration in VPs
183
3
5.3.2.2 Extension in VPs
186
1
5.3.2.3 Enhancement in VPs
186
1
5.4 Complex sentences involving dependency relationships
187
15
5.4.1 Dependency between clauses
189
9
5.4.1.1 Parataxis and hypotaxis
189
5
5.4.1.2 Expansion: Elaboration, extension, and enhancement
194
4
5.4.2 Dependency between clauses, phrases, and words
198
4
5.5 Interphrasal relationships of dependency
202
7
5.5.1 NPs in logical relationships
202
3
5.5.2 VPs in logical relationships
205
4
6 Conjugation: The Interpersonal Semiotic
209
75
6.1 Fundamental properties of conjugational relationships
209
4
6.2 Intra-clausal interpersonal modification
213
20
6.2.1 Illocutionary modification
213
8
6.2.2 Attitudinal modification
221
1
6.2.3 Rhetorical modification
222
11
6.2.3.1 Expectation and presupposition modification
223
1
6.2.3.2 Status modification
224
8
6.2.3.2.1 Polarity
224
3
6.2.3.2.2 Modality
227
4
6.2.3.2.3 Mood
231
1
6.2.3.3 Authorizational modification
232
1
6.2.3.4 Reactional modification
233
1
6.3 Interpersonal classification of clauses
233
6
6.3.1 Minor clauses
234
2
6.3.2 Major clauses
236
3
6.4 Scoping clauses
239
12
6.4.1 Scopal relationships of the illocutionary type
240
1
6.4.2 Scopal relationships of the attitudinal type
241
2
6.4.3 Scopal relationships of the rhetorical type
243
6
6.4.3.1 Complementation
243
1
6.4.3.2 Tagging
244
5
6.4.4 Scoping relationships in which a clause modifies a word or phrase
249
1
6.4.5 A construction in which an N has scope over a clause
250
1
6.5 Framing clauses
251
19
6.5.1 Represented speech
252
6
6.5.2 Represented thoughts
258
7
6.5.3 Interpersonal types of framing
265
1
6.5.4 Framing of and by units other than clauses
266
3
6.5.5 Concluding remarks
269
1
6.6 Information packaging
270
11
6.6.1 Information packaging as an interpersonal phenomenon
270
8
6.6.2 What is information?
278
3
6.7 Concluding remarks
281
3
7 Linking Relationships: The Textural Semiotic
284
63
7.1 Linking relations in grammar and discourse
284
4
7.2 Theme
288
19
7.2.1 Problems with the SFG notion of Theme
288
2
7.2.2 SG classification of types of theme
290
12
7.2.2.1 Types of theme in declarative clauses in English
291
10
7.2.2.2 Theme in non-declarative moods
301
1
7.2.3 Theme and text connectivity
302
3
7.2.4 Negative themes
305
1
7.2.5 Concluding remarks
306
1
7.3 Presentative clauses
307
4
7.4 Reference
311
17
7.4.1 Types of reference relationships
311
3
7.4.2 Direct reference
314
8
7.4.3 Indirect reference
322
1
7.4.4 Bound reference relationships
323
5
7.5 Ellipsis
328
5
7.6 Substitution
333
3
7.7 Conjunction
336
4
7.8 Grammatical marking
340
7
7.8.1 Relating
340
3
7.8.2 Category marking
343
4
8 Enough Ain't Enough: The Grammar of Nominal Tautologies in English
347
30
8.1 Preliminary remarks
347
1
8.2 Two approaches to nominal tautologies
348
8
8.3 Grammatical characteristics of nominal tautologies
356
13
8.3.1 Grammatical distinctiveness
356
4
8.3.2 The meaning of nominal tautologies in English
360
7
8.3.3 Grammatical structure of nominal tautologies in English
367
2
8.4 Interpersonal modification of nominal tautologies
369
4
8.5 Conclusion
373
4
9 Grammar and Beyond
377
15
9.1 Grammatical categories in language use
377
7
9.2 Grammar and sociolinguistics
384
4
9.3 Future prospects
388
4
References
392
15
Author Index
407
3
Language Index
410
2
Subject Index
412