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Tables of Contents for Injury Prevention
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
1 Introduction: The Importance of Injuries
1
11
Developing Countries, Developing Areas, and Remote and Indigenous Communities
2
1
Injury Classification
3
1
Changing Patterns of Mortality
4
3
Importance of Adult Injuries
7
1
Importance of Childhood Injuries
8
1
Predictability and Preventability of Injuries
9
1
Accident Prevention vs. Injury Prevention and Injury Control
10
1
Passive vs. Active Protection
11
1
2 The Epidemiologic Basis for Prevention
12
14
Etiology and Nature of Injuries
12
2
Conceptual Models
14
3
Role of Epidemiology
17
2
Problems of Measurement
19
3
Information Needs
22
1
Information Needs at Different Levels
23
2
Conclusion
25
1
3 Assessing the Health Impact of Injuries: Mortality
26
24
Process of Mortality Reporting
26
2
Availability of Official Injury Mortality Data
28
1
Impact of Injuries as Assessed by Mortality Rates
29
4
Impact of Injuries as Assessed by Age-Specific and Age-Adjusted Death Rates
33
4
Impact of Injuries as Assessed by Premature Mortality
37
2
Reliability and Validity of Reports on Cause of Death from Injuries
39
4
Methods for Obtaining Supplemental Information on Causes and Circumstances of Injury Deaths: Community Mortality Studies
43
5
Injury Mortality Data Sources in Other Sectors
48
2
4 Assessing the Health Impact of Injuries: Morbidity
50
18
Process of Reporting Morbidity
51
2
Process of Reporting Injury Morbidity Data from Health Facilities
53
1
Availability of Population-Based Injury Morbidity Data from Health Facilities
54
1
Impact of Injury Morbidity as Assessed by Specific Injuries and by Age and Sex
54
1
Reliability and Validity of Injury Morbidity Data from Health Facilities
55
2
Injury Morbidity Data from Community Surveys
57
1
Impact of Injury Morbidity on Impairment, Disability and Handicap
58
5
Injury Morbidity Data in Other Sectors
63
1
Case Studies Using Simple Epidemiologic Data for Planning Injury Prevention in Papua New Guinea
63
5
5 Assessing the Community Impact of Injuries: Costs
68
7
Link Between Epidemiologic Surveillance of Injuries and Cost Estimates
69
1
Direct and Indirect Costs of Injury
69
1
Methods for Estimating Indirect Economic Costs of Injuries
70
1
Validity of Cost Estimates
71
1
Costs of Injury as a Proportion of GNP
71
1
Costs of Specific Injuries: Traffic Injuries and Per-Capita GNP
72
1
Costs of Disabilities
72
1
Injuries and Elasticity of Demand with Price
73
1
Opportunity Cost and Injury Interventions
74
1
Cost Estimates as a Justification for Injury Surveillance and Research
74
1
6 Determinants of Injuries
75
28
Identification of Risk Factors and Injury Determinants
75
2
Hazardous Exposures
77
2
Personal Risk Factors
79
2
Sex
81
15
Equipment Factors
96
1
Environmental Factors
97
4
Interaction of Multiple Determinants
101
2
7 Traffic Injuries: Introduction
103
27
Importance of Traffic Injuries
104
1
Special Features of Traffic Injuries in Developing Countries and Indigenous Communities
105
3
Multidisciplinary Nature of Traffic Injury Control
108
2
Risk of Injury by Type of Transport
110
1
Data Sources and Data Quality for Traffic Injuries
111
1
Indicators of Exposure and Severity
112
7
Crash Reports
119
1
Blackspot Analysis
119
1
Health Sector and Coroner Data
120
1
Special Research Studies
121
1
Examples of Overall Mortality from Motor Vehicles
122
3
Examples of Morbidity from Motor Vehicle Injuries
125
1
Regulatory Approaches for Prevention of Traffic Injuries
126
2
Organizational Aspects of Traffic Injury Prevention
128
1
Literature on Traffic Injuries
129
1
8 Traffic Injuries: Determinants by Road User Type
130
21
Injuries of Pedestrians
130
6
Injuries of Bicyclists and Motorcyclists
136
6
Open-Backed Vehicles and Public Transport
142
1
Off-Road Vehicles
143
1
Determinants of Motor Vehicle Crashes
144
7
9 Unintentional Injuries: Drownings, Falls, and Burns
151
37
Drowning and Other Water-Related Injuries
151
14
Falls
165
9
Burns and Smoke Inhalation
174
14
10 Unintentional Injuries: Poisonings, Bites, and Other Injuries
188
31
Poisoning
188
10
Bites, Wounds, and Envenomations from Land and Marine Animals and Insects
198
10
Skin Wounds, Penetrating Wounds, and Injuries from Cutting Tools
208
4
Eye Injuries
212
3
Other Injuries
215
4
11 Occupational Injuries
219
14
Special Circumstances in Developing Countries and Indigenous Communities
219
1
Reporting of Occupational Injuries
220
2
Types of Occupational Injuries
222
2
Injuries by Type of Occupation
224
5
Implications for Prevention
229
4
12 Injuries from Disasters
233
12
Definitions and Types of Disasters
233
1
Classification and Reporting of Injuries from Disasters
234
2
Injury Pattern by Type of Disaster
236
1
Examples of Mortality and Morbidity
237
4
Organizational Aspects of Disaster Prevention
241
4
13 Intentional Injuries: Homicide, Suicide, and Other Violence
245
32
Intentional Injuries
245
2
Homicide and Assault
247
17
Suicide
264
13
14 Choice and Development of Injury Prevention Programs
277
30
Developing an Injury Control Program
278
4
Integrating Research into Injury Control Programs
282
5
Social and Political Considerations
287
3
Intervention Strategies for Injury Control
290
3
Case Study: Cost Effectiveness and Cost Savings from Prevention of Traffic Injuries in the United States
293
7
Injury Prevention at the International, National, Regional, and Local Level
300
7
15 Injury Treatment and Rehabilitation: The Role of Health Services and Other Sectors
307
16
Treatment Systems for Injury
308
1
Hierarchical Levels of Injury Care
309
4
The Role of Health and Other Sectors: Policy and Research
313
9
Conclusion
322
1
16 Conclusion
323
6
References
329
38
Acknowledgments
367
2
Index
369
8
About the Authors
377