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Tables of Contents for Teaching American English Pronunciation
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xiii
Introduction: Preliminary considerations in the teaching of pronunciation
xv
Biological factors
xv
Socio-cultural factors
xvi
Personality factors
xvi
The role of the native language
xvii
Setting realistic goals
xviii
PART ONE: The sound system of English
Spelling and pronunciation
The English spelling system
3
1
Sound-spelling correspondences
4
2
Spelling in other languages
6
1
The phonetic alphabet
6
2
Exercises
8
3
Individual sounds of English
How speech sounds are made
11
1
Consonants and vowels
12
1
The description of English consonants
12
1
Place of articulation
12
6
Manner of articulation
18
6
Voicing
24
2
Summary
26
3
The description of English vowels
28
1
Tongue height
29
1
Frontness/backness of tongue
30
1
Tenseness/laxness
31
1
Lip rounding
32
1
Phonetic symbols for vowels
32
2
Complex vowels (diphthongs)
34
1
The vowel /er/
34
1
The consonant /h/
35
1
Semi-vowels (glides)
35
1
Exercises
35
4
English sounds in context
Positional variation
39
1
Contrastive sounds of English
39
1
Non-contrastive sounds of English
40
5
Implications for teaching
45
2
Conclusion
47
1
Grammatical endings
47
1
The regular past tense
47
2
The plural, possessive, and third person singular
49
2
Grammatical endings in the pronunciation classroom
51
1
Exercises
51
2
The shape of English words
Syllable types
53
1
Consonant clusters
54
6
Exercises
60
3
Word stress and vowel reduction
What is stress?
63
1
Schwa
63
3
Major and minor stress
66
1
Placement of word stress
67
4
Exercises
71
2
Connected Speech
Rhythm, sentence stress, and intonation
73
1
The stress-timed rhythm of English
73
1
Placement of stress in sentences
74
2
Intonation
76
5
Modifications of sounds in connected speech
81
1
The pronunciation of function words
81
3
Linking
84
2
Deletion of consonants
86
1
Assimilation
87
2
Summary
89
1
Exercises
89
4
PART TWO: The identification and correction of specific pronunciation problems
Introduction
93
2
Common pronunciation problems
English vowels
95
6
English consonants
101
5
Stress, rhythm, and intonation
106
5
Problems of selected language groups
Arabic
111
3
Chinese
114
5
Farsi
119
2
French
121
2
German
123
2
Greek
125
3
Hindi and Punjabi
128
4
Italian
132
2
Japanese
134
4
Korean
138
4
Polish
142
3
Portuguese
145
4
Spanish
149
4
Vietnamese
153
8
PART THREE: Classroom activities
Introduction
161
2
A communicative approach to pronunciation teaching
Introduction
163
2
Consonants and vowels
165
3
Connected speech
168
1
Suprasegmentals
169
1
Monitoring
170
1
Conclusion
171
2
Pronunciation syllabus design: a question of focus
The zoom principle
173
1
Assessing learner variables
173
1
Collection of speech samples
174
1
Diagnosis of speech samples
175
3
From diagnosis to syllabus design
178
3
Monitoring progress
181
1
Appendix: Student diagnostic profile
182
3
Suprasegmentals in the pronunciation class: setting priorities
Introduction
185
1
Stress/unstress
186
2
Stress and rhythm
188
1
Major sentence stress
189
3
Intonation
192
2
Linking and pausing
194
1
Palatalization
195
1
Conclusion
196
1
Pronunciation-based listening exercises for the multi-level class
Introduction
197
2
Minimal pairs
199
2
Stress assignment
201
1
Function words
202
2
Intonation
204
1
Conclusion
205
2
Teaching pronunciation: an inventory of techniques
Introduction
207
1
Individual sounds
207
1
Minimal pairs
207
2
Visual aids
209
3
Stress, rhythm, and intonation
210
2
Developing fluency
212
2
Conclusion
214
1
Developing self-correcting and self-monitoring strategies
Introduction
215
1
Self-correction
216
2
Self-monitoring
218
1
Conclusion
219
2
Developing natural and confident speech: drama techniques in the pronunciation class
Introduction
221
1
Articulation
222
2
Pitch, volume, and rate
224
2
Variety
226
1
Conclusion
227
2
Unintelligibility and the ESL learner
Introduction
229
3
The receiver
232
2
The sender
234
2
Conclusion
236
1
Glossary
237
4
Further reading
241
5
Bibliography
246
4
Contributors
250
2
Index
252