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Tables of Contents for The Urinary Sediment
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Historical introduction
1
13
J. S. Cameron
Preparation and analysis of the urinary sediment
13
16
Urine collection
13
1
Handling of urine
14
4
Inspection
15
1
Preservation of samples
16
1
Centrifugation
16
1
Resuspension
16
1
Preparation of slides
17
1
Microscopic examination
17
1
Report of findings
18
4
The microscope for the analysis of urinary sediments
22
4
The phase contrast microscope
22
2
Polarized light
24
1
The bright field microscope
25
1
Other microscopic techniques
25
1
The stains for urinary sediments
26
3
References
27
2
The formed elements of the urinary sediment
29
106
Cells
29
30
Erythrocytes
30
8
Leukocytes
38
4
Histicytes
42
1
Renal tubular cells
43
7
Trainstional cells (from the uroepithelium)
50
6
Squamous cells
56
3
Lipids
59
5
Casts
64
22
Hyaline casts
66
3
Granular casts
69
1
Waxy casts
69
5
Cellular casts
74
6
Fatty casts
80
1
Casts containing crystals and amorphous salts
80
1
Casts containing microorganisms
80
3
Pigmented casts
83
1
Mixed casts
84
2
Cylindroids
86
2
Pseudocasts
88
1
Mucus
89
2
Crystals
91
24
How to identify the urinary crystals
91
1
The main types of urinary crystals
92
1
Uric acid crystals
92
5
Amorphous urates
97
1
Calcium oxalate crystals
97
5
Calcium phosphate crystals
102
3
Amorphous phosphates
105
1
Triple phosphate crystals
106
3
Cholesterol crystals
109
2
Other less common crystals
111
1
Crystals due to drugs
111
1
Crystaluria in stone formers
111
4
Organisms
115
7
Bacteria
115
1
Yeasts
115
1
Trichomonas vaginalis
116
1
Schistosoma haematobium (urogenital bilharziosis)
116
1
Enterobius vermicularis
117
5
Contaminants
122
8
Contaminants originating from the patient
122
1
Contaminants originating in the laboratory
123
1
Contaminants originating in the environment
123
7
Differential diagnoses
130
5
References
131
4
The urinary sediment of the normal subject
135
4
References
137
2
The urinary sediment in the main diseases of the urinary tract
139
22
Minimal change disease-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
139
1
Membransous nephropathy
140
2
IgA nephropathy
142
1
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
143
1
Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis
144
1
Extracapillary glomerulonephritis
144
1
Lupus nephritis
145
2
Schonlein-Henoch purpura nephritis
147
1
Diabetic nephropathy
148
1
Monocolonal gammopthies
149
1
Acute interstitial nephritis
149
3
Chronic interstitial nephritis
152
1
Acute tubular necrosis
152
2
Renal transplantation
154
2
Urinary tract infection
156
1
Urological disorders
156
5
References
158
3
Changes of urinary sediment caused by drugs
161
6
Drug-related crystalluria
161
3
Other changes induced by drugs
164
3
Diuretics
164
1
Drugs influencing urinary pH
164
1
References
164
3
Interpreation of the urinary sediment findings
167
8
The nephrotic sediment
167
2
The nephritic sediment
169
2
The nephrotic and nephritic sediment
171
1
The urinary sediment containing many tubular epithelial cells
171
1
The urinary sediment containing bacteria and leukocytes
171
1
Minor urinary abnormalities
172
3
References
173
2
Automated systems for urinary sediment analysis
175
8
D. Fenili
Automated intelligent microscopy
175
1
Flow cytometry
176
4
Analysis of the performances of automated analysers
180
3
Carryover
180
1
Precision
180
1
Accuracy
180
1
References
181
2
Appendix
183
2
Index
185