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Tables of Contents for Public Administration
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
ix
Personal Action in Public Organizations
1
33
What Is Public Administration?
2
15
Values of Democracy
3
2
Contrasting Business and Public Administration
5
1
Ambiguity
6
1
Pluralistic Decision Making
6
1
Visibility
7
1
Thinking about Public Administration Today
7
1
Publicness
8
1
Why Study Public Administration?
9
1
Preparing for Administrative Positions
10
2
Combining Technical and Managerial Training
12
1
Interaction of Business and Government
13
1
Influencing Public Organizations
14
1
Making Things Happen
15
2
Issues in Public Administration Theory and Practice
17
4
Politics and Administration
18
1
Ensuring Accountability
18
1
Bureaucracy and Democracy
19
1
Efficiency versus Responsiveness
20
1
What Do Public Administrators Do?
21
6
An Inventory of Public Management Skills
22
1
Voices of Public Administrators
23
4
Summary and Action Implications
27
1
Terms and Definitions
28
1
Study Questions
28
1
Cases and Exercises
28
3
For Additional Reading
31
1
Appendix A: OPM Inventory of Management Skills
32
2
The Political Context of Public Administration
34
45
Administrative Organizations and Executive Leadership
35
14
Administrative Organizations
37
1
The Executive Office of the President
37
2
Cabinet-Level Executive Departments
39
1
Independent Agencies, Regulatory Commissions, and Public Corporations
40
1
Agencies Supporting the Legislature and the Judiciary
40
1
The State Level
41
2
The Local Level
43
1
Cities
43
2
Counties
45
1
Native American Tribes
45
1
Special Districts
46
1
Nonprofit Organizations and Associations
46
3
Relationships with the Legislative Body
49
16
The Policy Process
49
1
Agenda Setting
50
1
Policy Formulation
51
1
Policy Implementation
52
1
Types of Policy
53
3
Sources of Bureaucratic Power
56
2
Legislative Supervision: Structural Controls
58
1
Legislative Veto
59
1
Sunset Laws
60
1
Sunshine Laws
61
1
Legislative Supervision: Oversight
62
2
Legislative Supervision: Casework
64
1
Relationships with the Judiciary
65
7
Concerns for Due Process
70
1
The Courts and Agency Administration
70
2
Summary and Action Implications
72
1
Terms and Definitions
73
1
Study Questions
74
1
Cases and Exercises
75
2
For Additional Reading
77
2
The Interorganizational Context of Public Administration
79
44
The Development of Intergovernmental Relations
80
16
Dual Federalism
82
1
Cooperative Federalism
83
1
Picket-Fence Federalism
84
3
The Reagan and Bush Years
87
1
The Clinton Presidency
88
2
The Bush Administration
90
3
Judicial Influence
93
3
The State and Local Perspective
96
10
Funding Patterns
96
2
Preemptions and Mandates
98
1
Preemptions
98
2
Mandates
100
2
Subnational Relationships
102
1
State to State
102
1
State to Local
103
2
Local to Local
105
1
Working with Nongovernmental Organizations
106
4
Privatization and Contracting
107
3
The Management of Nonprofit Organizations
110
7
Operational Leadership
110
2
Resource Development
112
1
Financial Management
113
1
Board Governance
113
2
Board-Staff Relations
115
1
Advocacy
116
1
Summary and Action Implications
117
1
Terms and Definitions
118
1
Study Questions
119
1
Cases and Exercises
120
1
For Additional Reading
121
2
The Ethics of Public Service
123
34
Approaches to Ethical Deliberation
124
6
Reasoning, Development, and Action
126
1
Moral Philosophy
126
1
Moral Psychology
127
2
Moral Action
129
1
Issues of Administrative Responsibility
130
7
The Limits of Administrative Discretion
131
3
Avenues for Public Participation
134
2
The Ethics of Privatization
136
1
Ethical Problems for the Individual
137
8
Interacting with Elected Officials
137
1
Following Orders
138
2
Conflicts of Interest
140
2
Whistle Blowing
142
2
Prohibitions on Political Activities
144
1
Managing Ethics
145
3
Establishing an Ethical Climate
146
2
Summary and Action Implications
148
1
Terms and Definitions
149
1
Study Questions
150
1
Cases and Exercises
150
3
For Additional Reading
153
1
Appendix A: Code of Ethics of the American Society for Public Administration
154
3
Budgeting and Financial Management
157
52
The Budget as an Instrument of Fiscal Policy
158
2
The Budget as an Instrument of Public Policy
160
8
Where the Money Comes From
160
1
Individual Income Tax
161
1
Corporation Income Tax
162
1
Payroll Taxes
162
1
Sales and Excise Taxes
162
1
Property Taxes
163
1
Other Revenue Sources
163
1
Patterns of Government Revenues
163
1
Where the Money Goes
164
1
The Bush Tax Plan
165
2
State and Local Expenditures
167
1
The Budget as a Managerial Tool
168
8
Budget Formulation
169
2
Budget Approval
171
2
Budget Execution
173
2
Audit Phase
175
1
Approaches to Public Budgeting
176
6
The Line-Item Budget
177
1
The Performance Budget
178
1
Program Budgeting
179
1
Zero-Base Budgeting
180
1
Outcome-Based Budgeting
181
1
Budgetary Strategies and Political Games
182
3
Strategies for Program Development
183
2
Aspects of Financial Management
185
6
Capital Budgeting
186
1
Debt Management
187
2
Risk Management
189
1
Purchasing
190
1
Accounting and Computer-Based Information Systems
191
3
Government Accounting
191
1
Computer-Based Information Systems
192
2
Summary and Action Implications
194
1
Terms and Definitions
195
2
Study Questions
197
1
Cases and Exercises
197
10
For Additional Reading
207
2
The Management of Human Resources
209
46
Merit Systems in Public Employment
210
9
Spoils versus Merit
210
4
The Civil Service Reform Act and Its Aftermath
214
3
Reinvention and the National Performance Review
217
2
State and Local Personnel Systems
219
1
Hiring, Firing, and Things In-Between
220
9
Classification Systems
220
1
The Recruitment Process
221
2
Pay Systems
223
2
Conditions of Employment and Related Matters
225
1
Sexual Harassment
226
1
AIDS Policy
227
1
Workplace Violence
228
1
Removing Employees
228
1
The Changing Character of Labor-Management Relations
229
7
Steps in the Bargaining Process
232
1
To Strike or Not to Strike
233
2
Unions Redefined
235
1
Correcting Patterns of Discrimination in Public Employment
236
8
ADA
238
1
Questions of Compliance
238
2
Affirmative Action and Reverse Discrimination
240
1
The Glass Ceiling
241
1
The Debate over Comparable Worth
242
2
Political Appointee-Career Executive Relations
244
3
The Relationship between Political and Career Executives
246
1
Summary and Action Implications
247
1
Terms and Definitions
248
1
Study Questions
249
1
Cases and Exercises
249
4
For Additional Reading
253
2
Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
255
42
Planning
256
1
Strategic Planning
256
14
Planning for Planning
257
1
Organizing for Planning
258
1
Steps in Planning
259
1
Mission or Objectives
259
1
Environmental Analysis
260
1
Strengths and Weaknesses
260
1
Values of Organizational Leaders
260
1
Development of Alternative Strategies
260
1
The Logic of Policy Analysis
261
1
Problem Definition
262
1
Setting Objectives and Criteria
263
1
Developing Alternatives
264
1
Analyzing Various Policies
264
1
Ranking and Choice
265
1
Costs and Benefits
265
2
Other Quantitative Techniques
267
3
Implementation
270
7
Organizational Design
271
2
Systems Analysis
273
2
PERT/CPM
275
1
Reengineering
276
1
Evaluation
277
8
Performance Measurement
278
7
Program Evaluation
285
4
Evaluation Designs and Techniques
286
1
Qualitative Techniques
287
1
Quantitative Techniques
288
1
Summary and Action Implications
289
1
Terms and Definitions
289
2
Study Questions
291
1
Cases and Exercises
291
4
For Additional Reading
295
2
Managing Organizational Dynamics
297
36
Images of Organizing in the Public and Nonprofit Sectors
297
1
The Functions of Management
298
2
The Early Writers: A Concern for Structure
300
4
Recognizing Human Behavior
304
3
Two Classic Works
305
2
The Organization and Its Environment
307
5
Systems Theory
307
2
From Political Economy to Organization Development
309
2
Decision Making in Organizations
311
1
Organizational Culture, Organizational Learning, and Strategic Management
312
11
Total Quality Management
318
1
TQM Beginnings
319
1
Guidelines for Public Management
320
3
Postmodern Narratives on Management
323
2
Postmodernism
323
1
Issues of Gender and Power
324
1
Summary and Action Implications
325
1
Terms and Definitions
325
1
Study Questions
326
1
Cases and Exercises
326
2
For Additional Reading
328
1
Appendix A: Description of Total Quality Management (TQM)
329
4
The New Public Management, Reinvention, and the Reform of Public and Nonprofit Organizations
333
33
NPM, Reinvention, and Nonprofit Management Reform
334
6
The New Public Management
335
1
Reinventing Government
335
2
Nonprofit Management Reform
337
2
The Results of Reform
339
1
IT, the Internet, and Management Reform
340
3
Wired Organizations
341
1
ePublic Administration
342
1
The Human Side of Technological Innovation
343
2
Human Resources, Innovation, and Performance
345
12
Management by Objectives
345
2
Quality of Work-Life/Job Enrichment
347
2
Quality Circles and Related Ideas
349
1
Incentive Programs
350
2
Innovation
352
2
Recent Examples of Performance Management
354
1
GAO Cites Best Practices for Performance Management
354
1
Measuring Performance in the State of Arizona
355
1
Benchmarking and Performance Improvement in the City of Portland
356
1
Implementation Issues in Quality and Productivity
357
4
Steps to Productivity Improvement
357
4
Summary and Action Implications
361
1
Terms and Definitions
362
1
Study Questions
363
1
Cases and Exercises
363
1
For Additional Reading
364
2
Personal Skills in Public Management
366
25
The Manager's Day
367
2
Elements of Managerial Work
367
1
Distribution of Time among Work Elements
368
1
Managerial Interaction and Communication
368
1
Informal Aspects of Managerial Work
368
1
Themes of Managerial Work
369
1
Stress Management
369
6
Stress Signals and Responses
372
1
Type A/Type B Behaviors
372
1
Lifestyle Changes
372
1
Relaxation Techniques
373
1
Exercise
374
1
Stress and the Organization
374
1
Time Management
375
1
Creativity and Problem Solving
376
3
Models of Individual Decision Making
379
3
Power and Leadership
382
4
Summary and Action Implications
386
1
Terms and Definitions
386
1
Study Questions
386
1
Cases and Exercises
387
2
For Additional Reading
389
1
Appendix A: ``Lost on the Moon'' Exercise: Answers from NASA Experts
390
1
Interpersonal Skills and Group Dynamics
391
35
Communications
391
6
Listening
391
1
Have a Reason or Purpose
392
1
Suspend Judgment Initially
392
1
Resist Distractions
393
1
Wait before Responding
394
1
Rephrase What You Listen to in Your Own Words
394
1
Seek the Important Themes
394
1
Use the Thinking-Speaking Differential to Reflect and Find Meaning
394
1
Speaking
395
1
Writing
396
1
Delegation and Motivation
397
7
Motivation
399
1
Pay and Job Satisfaction
399
1
Reinforcement Theory
400
2
Goal Setting
402
2
Conflict, Bargaining, and Negotiation
404
1
Group Dynamics
405
12
Advantages of Group Decision Making
405
2
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
407
1
Interpersonal Dynamics in Groups
408
1
Changing the Composition of the Group
409
3
Managing Groups in Action
412
1
Specialized Techniques for Group Decision Making
413
1
Participation in Group Decision Making
414
3
Organization Change and Development
417
4
Diagnosing the Need for Change
418
1
Strategies for Organizational Change
419
2
Summary and Action Implications
421
1
Terms and Definitions
421
1
Study Questions
422
1
Cases and Exercises
422
2
For Additional Reading
424
2
The Future of the Public Service
426
18
The New Public Service
426
2
Efforts to Support the Public Service
428
3
Trends in the Public Service
431
10
Economic Changes and Redefining Government
432
2
Globalization
434
1
Technology and the Work Environment
435
3
The Role of Citizens in the Governance Process
438
1
The Ethical Challenges Facing the Public Service
439
2
A Final Note
441
1
Study Questions
441
1
Cases and Exercises
441
1
For Additional Reading
442
2
References
444
20
Appendix
464
4
Journals
464
2
Organizations
466
2
Glossary
468
7
Index
475