search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Archaelolgy
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
v
How This Book Evolved
vi
Why a New Edition?
viii
So What's New Here?
ix
Who Helped Out?
xi
What Is Archaeology?
1
28
The Western World Discovers Its Past
2
6
A.D./B.C./B.P. . . . Archaeology's Alphabet Soup
3
5
Founders of Americanist Archaeology
8
11
America's First Prehistoric Archaeologist
8
2
Thomas Jefferson
A Genteel Digger
10
1
C. B. Moore
America's First-Generation ``Working'' Archaeologist
11
2
Nels Nelson
Founder of Anthropological Archaeology
13
2
A. V. ``Ted'' Kidder
A Master of Time
15
2
James A. Ford
Americanist Archaeology at Mid-Century
17
1
Archaeology's Unrecognized Working Women
18
1
Mary Ann Levine
Revolution: Archaeology's Angry Young Men
19
8
Moses in the Wilderness
20
2
W. W. Taylor
Visionary With a Message
22
2
Lewis R. Binford
Neither Angry nor a Young Man
24
3
Kathleen A. Deagan
Summary
27
1
Archaeology on the Internet
28
1
Anthropology, Science, and the Humanities
29
31
What's an Anthropological Approach?
30
1
What Is Culture?
31
3
The Emic Vesus the Etic
32
1
Ideational Versus Adaptive Research Strategies
33
1
Current Theoretical Approaches in Archaeology
34
1
What's a Scientific Approach?
34
7
Science as an Archaeological Method
35
1
How Science Explains Things: The Maize Maze
36
5
What's a Humanistic Approach?
41
2
Levels of Archaeological Theory
43
4
Low-Level Archaeological Theory
44
2
Theory at the Middle Level
46
1
General Theory in Archaeology
47
1
Understanding Archaeology's Primary -isms and -ologies
47
9
High-Level Theory: Cultural Materialism
48
1
The Processual Agenda: Cultural Materialism at Work in Archaeology
49
2
High-Level Theory: Postmodern Interpretivism
51
1
Postmodern Interpretive Anthropology
52
2
The Postprocessual Critique: Postmodern Interpretivism at Work
54
2
Contemporary Archaeology: Seeking a Middle Ground
56
1
In His Own Words: On Multiple Perspectives in Archaeology
56
1
Robert W. Preucel
Summary
57
1
Anthropology on the Internet
58
2
Chronology Building: How to Get a Date
60
27
Tree-Ring Dating
61
8
Year-by-Year Chronology Becomes a Reality
63
2
Dating a Viking Queen
65
4
Radiocarbon Dating
69
8
Kinds of Carbon
70
1
What the Radiocarbon Laboratory Can Tell You
70
2
Can You Handle the Uncertainty?
72
1
Tree Rings Incite the Second Radiocarbon Revolution
72
2
Is the Shroud of Turin the Burial Cloth of Christ?
74
1
Accelerator Dating: The Third Radiocarbon Revolution
75
2
Obsidian Hydration
77
3
Some Rocks Are Wetter Than Others
78
1
Estimating Absolute Age With Obsidian Hydration Dating
78
2
Radiometric Dating of Potassium
80
2
Dating Ancient Ostrich Egg Shells
82
2
A Brief Warning About Arguments of Relevance
84
1
Summary
84
1
Dating Techniques on the Internet
85
2
Chronology Building: Low-Level Archaeological Theory in Action
87
34
Fossil Footprints at Laetoli: The Law of Superposition in Action
89
5
Finding the Famous Fossil Footprints
89
1
Mary Leakey
Let's Start With the Facts
90
3
Fine, but How Old Are the Footprints?
93
1
Unlocking the Stratigraphy at Gatecliff Shelter
94
5
Physical Stratigraphy at Gatecliff Shelter
98
1
The Index Fossil Concept
99
3
Diagnostic Artifacts: Archaeology's Version of Index Fossils
99
2
Kidder Does Nelson One Better
101
1
Types of Types
102
2
Morphological Types
104
1
Temporal Types in Prehistoric Archaeology
105
1
Southwestern Ceramic Time-Markers
105
1
Seriation
106
3
Time-Markers in Historical Archaeology
109
5
Pipe Stem Dating
109
2
Documentary Evidence to Define Time-Markers
111
3
Basic Units of Regional Archaeology
114
3
Culture Chronology Versus Culture History
117
1
Summary
118
2
Chronology Building on the Internet
120
1
Fieldwork: Why Archaeologists Walk Straight Lines and Dig Square Holes
121
36
Good Old Gumshoe Survey
122
4
What Archaeological Survey Was Like in 1907
124
2
A. V. Kidder
How to Find a Lost Spanish Mission
126
8
A Randomized Transect Approach
127
1
A Power Auger Approach
128
1
A Proton Magnetometer Approach
128
2
How Kathleen Deagan Found Old St. Augustine
130
4
Data at a Distance
134
1
High Altitude Imagery
135
3
The Ancient Roads of Chaco Canyon
136
2
A Soil Resistivity Approach
138
2
A Ground-Penetrating Radar Approach
140
7
Ceren: The New World Pompeii?
141
3
The Emperor's Secrets Are Buried: No Digging Allowed
144
3
The Potential of Noninvasive Archaeology
147
1
Some Basic Excavation Strategies
148
3
Some Rules and Principles Guiding Archaeological Excavation
151
3
Sifting the Evidence
151
1
Flotation
152
1
Archaeology's Conservation Ethic: Dig Only What You Must
153
1
How Do People Learn How to Dig?
154
1
Summary
155
1
Archaeological Fieldwork on the Internet: How Can I Get on a Dig?
156
1
Middle-Range Research: Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology
157
27
Formation Processes That Create the Archaeological Record
158
3
Depositional Processes
159
1
Reclamation Processes
159
1
Disturbance Processes
160
1
Reuse Processes
160
1
Middle-Range Research: What Is It?
161
4
The Linkage Problem
161
1
Some Bones of Contention
162
3
What Is Ethnoarchaeology?
165
3
Lewis Binford Takes Off for Points North
166
1
Why I Began Doing Ethnoarchaeology
167
1
Lewis R. Binford
The Garbage Project: The Archaeology of Yesterday's Lunch
168
7
Quantifying Today's Material Reality
168
2
Examining Social Issues
170
1
Linking Past to Present
171
1
Looking at America's Landfills
172
2
Garbage and Our Future
174
1
William L. Rathje
Experimental Archaeology as Middle-Range Research
175
7
Stone Tools: How Were They Made?
176
2
How Does George Frison Hunt Extinct Mammoths?
178
3
What Does Replicative Experimentation Prove?
181
1
Summary
182
1
Middle-Range Research on the Internet
182
2
How People Get Their Groceries: Reconstructing Human Subsistence and Ecology
184
32
Ancient Bison Hunting at Olsen-Chubbuck
186
2
Joe Ben Wheat
What's an Archaeofauna?
188
5
The Basic Problem: What to Count?
189
4
Taphonomy
193
1
Reconstructing Human Diet From Animal Bones
194
1
Reconstructing Early Californian Cuisine
195
3
What Archaeologists Learn From Ancient Plant Remains
198
1
Applying Palynology to Archaeology
199
4
Star Carr: Assessing Human Impact on Postglacial Forests
200
1
Shanidar Cave: Pointing Up the Need for Controls
201
2
Analyzing Plant Phytoliths
203
2
High Altitude Archaeology
204
1
Thomas Jefferson's Elusive Garden
204
1
Estimating Seasonality
205
4
Excavating and Interpreting Seasonal Diagnostics
205
2
Defining Seasonality at Star Carr
207
2
``Reading the Fuel'' in the Ancient Andes
209
5
How Can These Patterns Be Explained?
211
2
Moving Beyond Econo-Think
213
1
Relating Ideology to the Past
213
1
Summary
214
1
Ancient Subsistence and Paleoecology on the Internet
215
1
Some Bioarchaeological Perspectives on the Past
216
27
Paleopathology and Skeletal Analysis
217
1
Reconstructing Diet by Analyzing Stable Isotopes in Human Bones
218
7
Maize in the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico
219
3
Maize in the Chavin Civilization of Peru
222
3
Looking for Indicators of Stress
225
2
Paleodemography
227
3
Exploring the Frontiers of Molecualr Archaeology
230
1
Hair as Data?
230
1
The Case of the Missing Russian Czar
231
3
Where's the Last Romanov Ruler?
232
1
British Royalty Clinches the Case
233
1
A Little Background on DNA
234
2
How Is DNA Inherited?
234
1
What Is PCR?
235
1
Prospecting for Ancient DNA
236
1
The Story of African Eve
237
1
Tracking the First American
238
2
Tracking the First Americans Through Historical Linguistics
240
1
Summary
240
1
Bioarchaeology on the Internet
241
2
Understanding Social Systems of the Past
243
28
The Nature of Social Groups
244
1
The Nature of Social Status
244
2
Engendering the Human Past
246
7
The Man-the-Hunter Myth
247
1
Seeking Archaeology's Amazingly Invisible Woman
247
1
The Real Flintstones?
248
3
Diane Gifford-Gonzalez
The Difference Between Sex and Gender
251
1
Bioarchaeology: The ``Smoking Gun'' of Gender Studies?
251
1
Gender Attribution: Do We Really Need It?
252
1
The Origins of Social Inequality
253
6
Egalitarian Societies
253
1
Ranked Societies
253
1
Community-Level Inequity: Rank and Status Markers at Moundville
254
1
Local and Supralocal Symbolism
255
1
Two Axes of Social Patterning
256
2
Quantitative Distribution of Moundville Grave Goods
258
1
Alternative Interpretations of Mortuary Patterning
259
1
Life and Death Among the Hohokam
260
6
The Hohokam: Egalitarian or Socially Complex?
260
2
Conflicting Evidence in Hohokam Archaeology
262
1
McGuire's Contextual Approach
263
1
Marxist Approaches in Anglo-American Archaeology
264
2
Randall H. McGuire
A Larger Postprocessual Context
266
5
The Issue of Human Agency
266
1
The Importance of Power
267
2
Summary
269
1
Ancient Social Systems on the Internet
270
1
General Theory in Archaeology: Some Neo-Evolutionary Approaches
271
29
The Rise and Fall of Unilinear Evolution
272
2
Morgan's Unilinear Evolution
272
1
How ``Evolution'' Became a Dirty Word
273
1
Neo-Evolutionism: What Is It?
274
3
Neo-Evolution and the Processual Agenda
275
1
A Sample Evolutionary Sequence
275
2
Evolving Frameworks for Understanding Hunter-Gatherers
277
3
Why Were Plants and Animals Domesticated?
280
7
Childe's Oasis Theory: Symbiosis
280
1
Braidwood's ``Hilly Flanks'' Theory: Culture Was Ready for It
281
1
Stress Models: Domestication for Survival
282
2
A Selectionist Perspective
284
1
Why Did People Domesticate Plants?
284
3
Kent V. Flannery
How Did the Archaic State Arise?
287
6
What Is the Archaic State?
287
1
Wittfogel's ``Irrigation Hypothesis''
288
2
Carneiro's ``Warfare and Circumscription Hypothesis''
290
2
Multicausal Theories of State Formation
292
1
Ideational Explanations of Cultural Evolution
293
2
Neo-Evolutionism: Pros and Cons
295
3
Criticisms of the Neo-Evolutionary Program
295
1
An Emergent Middle Ground?
296
2
Summary
298
1
Neo-Evolution on the Internet
299
1
An Archaeology of the Human Mind
300
28
Contemporary Approaches in Cognitive Archaeology
302
2
Cosmology
302
1
Ritual and Religion
303
1
Ideology
303
1
Iconography
304
1
Seeking the Origins of Iconography
304
9
The La Marche Antler Under the 'Scope
305
3
An Ancient Lunar Calendar?
308
1
A Call for Middle-Range Controls
309
2
The La Marche Antler, Revisited
311
2
Exploring Ancient Chavin Cosmology
313
6
Seeking the Catalyst of Chavin Civilization
313
1
Animal Symbolism in Chavin Iconography
314
2
Explaining Where Chavin Cosmology Came From
316
2
The Role of Cosmology in Andean Civilization
318
1
Blueprints for the Archaeology of the Mind
319
2
Putting the ``I'' Back in the Archaeological Past: Defining an Empathetic Approach
321
5
Human Agency, Revisited
321
1
On Archaeology and Empathy
322
1
Janet Spector
Reflexive Ethnography
322
2
People in the Past-More Than Faceless Blobs
324
1
Ruth E. Tringham
Reflexive Archaeology
325
1
Thinking Yourself Into the Past
326
1
Summary
326
2
Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century
328
27
Conservation Archaeology: Caring for America's Cultural Heritage
329
4
What Is Cultural Resource Management (CRM)?
329
2
The Structure of CRM in America
331
1
Conservation Archaeology as a Career
332
1
The Current Status of Women in Archaeology
333
4
A History of Excluding Women From Professional Archaeology
333
1
A History of Excluding Gender-Based Inquiry
334
2
Modern Equity Issues for Women in Archaeology
336
1
Some Other Unintended Consequences: An Exclusion of Minority-Based History
337
1
The Rise of Historical Archaeology in America
338
1
The Evolution of African American Archaeology
339
1
The Archaeology of New York's African Burial Ground
339
7
Why Are So Few African-Americans Doing African-American Archaeology?
340
1
Theresa A. Singleton
Slavery in Old New York?
340
2
Archaeology Becomes Contentious
342
2
The African Burial Ground Today
344
2
Archaeology in Indian Country
346
2
Contrasting Views of ``Significance'' at Zuni Pueblo
346
2
Roger Anyon
T. J. Ferguson
Who Owns America's Remote Past?
348
7
Looking Ahead at the Past
352
1
Summary
353
1
More Archaeology on the Internet
354
1
Glossary
355
13
Bibliography
368
39
Bibliographic Essay
407
13
Illustration Credits
420
4
Index
424