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Tables of Contents for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
6
Acknowledgments
xvii
1 Introduction
1
22
1.1 Introduction
1
1
1.2 Types of Material Failure
2
9
1.3 Design and Materials Selection
11
5
1.4 Technological Challenge
16
1
1.5 Economic Importance of Fracture
16
3
1.6 Summary
19
1
References
20
1
Problems and Questions
21
2
2 Structure and Deformation in Materials
23
25
2.1 Introduction
23
2
2.2 Bonding in Solids
25
4
2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials
29
4
2.4 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength
33
5
2.5 Inelastic Deformation
38
6
2.6 Summary
44
1
References
45
1
Problems and Questions
46
2
3 A Survey of Engineering Materials
48
54
3.1 Introduction
48
1
3.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals
49
6
3.3 Irons and Steels
55
8
3.4 Nonferrous Metals
63
4
3.5 Polymers
67
10
3.6 Ceramics and Glasses
77
7
3.7 Composite Materials
84
5
3.8 Materials Selection for Engineering Components
89
5
3.9 Summary
94
3
References
97
1
Problems and Questions
98
4
4 Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Other Basic Tests
102
64
4.1 Introduction
102
6
4.2 Introduction to Tension Test
108
1
4.3 Engineering Stress-Strain Properties
109
10
4.4 Trends in Tensile Behavior
119
6
4.5 True Stress-Strain Interpretation of Tension Test
125
10
4.6 Compression Test
135
4
4.7 Hardness Tests
139
9
4.8 Notch-Impact Tests
148
4
4.9 Bending and Torsion Tests
152
3
4.10 Summary
155
2
References
157
1
Problems and Questions
158
8
5 Stress-Strain Relationships and Behavior
166
39
5.1 Introduction
166
1
5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior
167
10
5.3 Elastic Deformation
177
11
5.4 Anisotropic Materials
188
8
5.5 Summary
196
3
References
199
1
Problems and Questions
199
6
6 Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain
205
34
6.1 Introduction
205
1
6.2 Plane Stress
206
8
6.3 Three-Dimensional States of Stress
214
11
6.4 Plane Stress Reconsidered as a Three-Dimensional Case
225
3
6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes
228
1
6.6 Complex States of Strain
229
4
6.7 Summary
233
2
References
235
1
Problems and Questions
235
4
7 Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses
239
47
7.1 Introduction
239
2
7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria
241
2
7.3 Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion
243
2
7.4 Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion
245
6
7.5 Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion
251
5
7.6 Discussion and Comparison of the Basic Failure Criteria
256
6
7.7 Coulomb-Mohr Fracture Criterion
262
6
7.8 Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion
268
5
7.9 Additional Comments on Failure Criteria
273
5
7.10 Summary
278
2
References
280
1
Problems and Questions
281
5
8 Fracture of Cracked Members
286
71
8.1 Introduction
286
2
8.2 Preliminary Discussion
288
7
8.3 Mathematical Concepts
295
5
8.4 Application of K to Design and Analysis
300
17
8.5 Fracture Toughness Values and Trends
317
10
8.6 Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM
327
8
8.7 Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing
335
2
8.8 Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity
337
7
8.9 Summary
344
3
References
347
2
Problems and Questions
349
8
9 Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-Based Approach
357
63
9.1 Introduction
357
1
9.2 Definitions and Concepts
358
10
9.3 Sources of Cyclic Loading
368
3
9.4 Fatigue Testing
371
4
9.5 The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage
375
5
9.6 Trends in S-N Curves
380
8
9.7 Mean Stresses
388
8
9.8 Multiaxial Stresses
396
5
9.9 Variable Amplitude Loading
401
9
9.10 Summary
410
2
References
412
1
Problems and Questions
413
7
10 Stress-Based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members
420
68
10.1 Introduction
420
1
10.2 Notch Effects
421
5
10.3 Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of kf
426
5
10.4 Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives
431
3
10.5 Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress
434
7
10.6 Estimating Long Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits)
441
3
10.7 Estimating S-N Curves
444
7
10.8 Use of Component S-N Data
451
10
10.9 Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure
461
11
10.10 Discussion
472
2
10.11 Summary
474
2
References
476
1
Problems and Questions
477
11
11 Fatigue Crack Growth
488
71
11.1 Introduction
488
1
11.2 Preliminary Discussion
489
8
11.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing
497
4
11.4 Effects of R = S(min)/S(max) on Fatigue Crack Growth
501
11
11.5 Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior
512
4
11.6 Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading
516
11
11.7 Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading
527
6
11.8 Design Considerations
533
2
11.9 Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack Growth
535
7
11.10 Environmental Crack Growth
542
5
11.11 Summary
547
2
References
549
1
Problems and Questions
550
9
12 Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials
559
44
12.1 Introduction
559
3
12.2 Stress-Strain Curves
562
8
12.3 Three-Dimensional Stress-Strain Relationships
570
8
12.4 Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological Models
578
7
12.5 Cyclic Loading Behavior of Real Materials
585
10
12.6 Summary
595
3
References
598
1
Problems and Questions
598
5
13 Stress-Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members
603
46
13.1 Introduction
603
1
13.2 Plasticity in Bending
604
9
13.3 Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending
613
5
13.4 Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion
618
4
13.5 Notched Members
622
11
13.6 Cyclic Loading
633
8
13.7 Summary
641
2
References
643
1
Problems and Questions
644
5
14 Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue
649
57
14.1 Introduction
649
2
14.2 Strain Versus Life Curves
651
11
14.3 Mean Stress Effects
662
7
14.4 Multiaxial Stress Effects
669
4
14.5 Life Estimates for Structural Components
673
13
14.6 Discussion
686
7
14.7 Summary
693
2
References
695
2
Problems and Questions
697
9
15 Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping
706
73
15.1 Introduction
706
2
15.2 Creep Testing
708
6
15.3 Physical Mechanisms of Creep
714
10
15.4 Time-Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates
724
10
15.5 Creep Failure under Varying Stress
734
1
15.6 Stress-Strain-Time Relationships
735
7
15.7 Creep Deformation under Varying Stress
742
7
15.8 Creep under Multiaxial Stress
749
3
15.9 Component Stress-Strain Analysis
752
5
15.10 Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials
757
9
15.11 Summary
766
3
References
769
1
Problems and Questions
770
9
App. A Review of Selected Topics from Mechanics of Materials
779
19
A.1 Introduction
779
1
A.2 Basic Formulas for Stresses and Deflections
779
1
A.3 Properties of Areas
780
3
A.4 Shears, Moments, and Deflections in Beams
783
2
A.5 Stresses Due to Internal Pressure
785
2
A.6 Elastic Stress Concentration Factors for Notches
787
1
A.7 Fully Plastic Yielding Loads
787
10
References
797
1
App. B Statistical Variation in Materials Properties
798
9
B.1 Introduction
798
1
B.2 Mean and Standard Deviation
799
1
B.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution
800
3
B.4 Typical Variation in Materials Properties
803
1
B.5 One-Sided Tolerance Limits
804
2
B.6 Discussion
806
1
References
806
1
Bibliography
807
12
Index
819