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Tables of Contents for Delinquency and Justice
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xiii
1 Defining and Measuring Delinquency
1
26
Definitions of Juvenile Delinquency
2
3
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Criminology
5
2
The Measurement of Delinquency
7
1
Official Data
8
6
The Uniform Crime Reports
8
1
The National Incident-Based Reporting System
9
3
Children in Custody
12
1
Juvenile Court Statistics
12
2
Victimization Data
14
1
Self-Report Data
15
2
Identifying the Serious Delinquent
17
7
Cohort Studies
17
2
Following the Juvenile Over Time: Longitudinal Studies
19
1
Desirable Features of Longitudinal Studies
20
1
Examples of Longitudinal Studies
21
3
Summing Up the Findings of Longitudinal Studies
24
1
The Serious Delinquent
24
2
Key Concepts
26
1
2 The Nature and Extent of Juvenile Offending
27
26
Juvenile Arrest Rates and Trends: Violent Crimes
29
3
Weapons and Violence
31
1
Juvenile Arrest Rates and Trends: Property Crimes
32
2
Larceny-Theft
33
1
Shoplifting
34
1
Arson
34
2
Status Offenses
36
1
Juveniles at Risk: Some Demographics
37
6
Poverty, Social Class, and Delinquency
37
3
Minorities, Poverty, and Delinquency
40
3
Age and Criminal Career Paths
43
5
General Crime Theory: The Invariant Hypothesis
44
2
Developmental Theory: Age-at-Onset Hypothesis
46
2
Summing Up
48
1
Gender and Juvenile Offending
48
3
Summary and Conclusions
51
1
Key Concepts
52
1
3 Drugs and Delinquency
53
28
Classifications of Psychoactive Drugs
57
2
Drug Tolerance and Dependence
58
1
The Hallucinogens: Cannabis
59
5
Cannabis and Delinquency
61
2
Phencyclidine (PCP)
63
1
Amphetamines and Cocaine
64
5
Psychological Effects
66
1
Crack
67
2
Narcotic Drugs
69
2
Heroin
69
1
Heroin and Crime
70
1
The Depressants: Alcohol
71
7
Psychological Effects
72
1
Alcohol and Crime
73
5
Summary and Conclusions
78
2
Key Concepts
80
1
4 Systems Theory and Delinquency
81
32
Social Systems Theory
82
8
Microsystems
83
1
Mesosystems
84
1
Exosystems
84
2
Macrosystems
86
1
Chronosystems
87
1
Individual Systems
88
2
Temperament
90
7
The Thomas and Chess Perspective
92
1
The Buss and Plomin Perspective
93
1
The Rothbart Perspective
94
1
The Goldsmith and Campos Perspective
95
1
Temperament and Delinquency
96
1
Hyperactivity and Attention Deficits
97
2
Conduct Disorders
99
1
General Theory of Crime
100
1
Longitudinal Studies Connecting Temperament with Delinquency
101
3
The Caspi Study: Developmental Paths of Ill-tempered People
102
2
Eysenck's Theory of Criminality
104
2
Genetics
106
2
Attempts to Disentangle the Genetic-Environmental Thicket: Twin Studies
106
1
Further Attempts to Disentangle: Adoption Studies
107
1
Body Build and Delinquency
108
3
Somatotypes: Indexing Body Shapes
108
1
Testing the Theory
109
2
Summary and Conclusions
111
1
Key Concepts
112
1
5 Infrasystems: Developmental and Learning Factors
113
34
Social Learning and Delinquency: Psychological Perspectives
114
1
Classical Behaviorism: The Roots of Social Learning
115
2
Social Learning versus Behaviorism
117
1
Expectancy Theory
118
1
Imitational Aspects of Social Learning
118
5
Television, the Mass Media, and Violence
119
2
Social Learning and Delinquency: Sociological Perspectives
121
2
Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory
123
2
Cognitive and Moral Development
125
6
Moral Development
125
5
Criticisms of Kohlberg's Theory
130
1
Construct Systems
131
2
Labeling Theory
133
4
Cognitive Constraints and Neutralizations
137
3
Containment Theory
137
1
Techniques of Neutralization
138
2
IQ and Delinquency
140
4
The Concept of Intelligence
142
1
Multiple Forms of Intelligence
142
2
Summing Up
144
1
Summary and Conclusions
144
2
Key Concepts
146
1
6 Microsystems: The Family
147
28
The Family, Delinquency, and Reciprocal Influence
148
1
Family Structure versus Family Process
149
2
Early Studies of Family and Delinquency
151
8
The Gluecks of Harvard
151
2
The Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study
153
2
F. Ivan Nye and the Sociology of the Family
155
1
Social Control Theory
156
3
The Single-Parent Family
159
5
Conceptual Problems
162
2
Family Size, Birth Order, and Delinquency
164
1
Process Studies on Family and Delinquency
165
4
The Johnstone Studies: Relationships Between Microsystems
166
1
The Dornbusch Studies: Can Mother Do It Alone?
167
1
The Steinberg Study: Is the Family Enough?
168
1
Family Violence and Child Abuse
169
3
Incidence of Childhood Abuse
170
1
Sibling and Child-to-Parent Abuse
171
1
Multiassaultive Families
171
1
Intervention
172
1
Summary and Conclusions
172
2
Key Concepts
174
1
7 Microsystems and Mesosystems
175
34
Peer Groups and Youth Gangs
175
2
Contemporary Gang Demographics
175
2
Youth Gangs and Crime
177
1
The Classics on Youth Gangs
177
2
Social Ability versus Social Disability Models
179
1
Social Ability Models
179
10
Cohen: Delinquent Boys and the Strains of the Working Class
179
4
Walter B. Miller and Lower-SES Gangs
183
2
Bloch and Niederhoffer: Psychodynamic Aspects of Gangs
185
1
Cloward and Ohlin: Opportunity Theory
186
3
Social Disability Models
189
1
Short and Strodtbeck: The Sociology of Gangs
189
1
Patterson's Two-stage Process
190
1
Developmental Theory
190
1
Peer Groups: Acceptance and Rejection
191
2
Gender Differences in Gang or Group Behavior
193
2
Anne Campbell: Girls in the Gang
193
1
Maccoby: Why Boys Join Gangs More Often Than Girls
194
1
The Family-Peer Mesosystem
195
3
The School and Delinquency
198
4
The School-Family Mesosystem
202
1
Family, Work, and Delinquency
203
1
Interactionism: A Summing Up
204
3
Summary and Conclusions
207
1
Key Concepts
208
1
8 Higher-Order Systems
209
33
The Ecological Approach to Delinquency: The Chicago School
209
2
An Early Psychosocial View of Delinquency: W. I. Thomas
210
1
The Concept of Social Disorganization
211
1
Ecological Foundations of Delinquency: Burgess and Park
212
3
The Major Force in Early Studies on Delinquency: Shaw and McKay
215
5
The Continuance of the Life-History Method
216
2
Conclusions from Shaw and McKay
218
2
The Chicago Area Project
220
2
Strain and Anomie: Robert K. Merton
222
2
Merton's Strain Theory
222
2
Neighborhood and Community Systems
224
5
Phases of Neighborhood Deterioration
229
2
Neighborhood Social Control and Family Structure
231
1
Bias Crimes
232
1
Network Analysis
233
4
Refinement and Application of Network Analysis
234
3
Role Relationship Theory
237
2
Summary and Conclusions
239
2
Key Concepts
241
1
9 Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment
242
16
Characteristics of Successful Intervention
242
3
System-Based Intervention Programs
245
1
Types of Prevention Programs
245
1
Types of Intervention Programs
246
1
Primary Intervention Strategies
246
4
Family-Based Programs
247
1
School-Based Prevention Programs
247
2
Social-Process Interventions
249
1
Community Efforts at Delinquency Prevention
250
2
The Virginia Youth Violence Project
251
1
Secondary Prevention Interventions
252
1
Treatment Approaches
253
2
Multisystemic Therapy
254
1
Residential Treatment
255
1
Summary and Conclusions
255
2
Key Concepts
257
1
10 Juvenile Justice: Origins and Overview
258
29
Houses of Refuge
259
1
The Concept of Parens Patriae
259
2
Reformatory Movement
261
2
Probation
263
1
The Juvenile Court
263
7
The Illinois Statute
264
2
The Child Saver Movement
266
3
Gender and the Juvenile Court
269
1
Community Delinquency Prevention Programs
270
1
The Shift to Due Process
271
7
Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Decisions
272
3
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
275
3
JJDPA Amendments
278
2
Explaining Shifts in Juvenile Policies
280
3
The Shift Toward Punishment
283
1
Current Trends
283
1
Summary and Conclusions
284
2
Key Concepts
286
1
11 Early Processing
287
25
The Decision to Arrest
288
1
Constitutional Rights of Juveniles
289
3
Decision Making in Adolescence
292
1
Police Juvenile Programs
292
2
Informal Processing
294
1
Intake Procedures
295
2
Formal Diversion Programs
297
3
Teen Courts
298
2
Research on Diversion
300
2
Labeling
300
1
Net Widening
301
1
Recidivism
301
1
The Decision to Detain
302
5
Schall v. Martin
305
2
Detention Programs
307
1
Juveniles in Adult Jails
308
2
Summary and Conclusions
310
1
Key Concepts
311
1
12 Delinquency Hearings and Criminal Trials
312
22
Petitions of Delinquency and Status Offending
314
1
The Juvenile Court Hearing
315
2
Juvenile Court Judges
317
2
Justice by Geography
319
1
Clinical Assessment
320
1
Waivers to Criminal Court
321
1
Waiver Process
322
2
Statistics on Waivers
324
1
Who Gets Transferred?
325
1
Outcomes of the Waiver Process
326
1
Arguments Against Waivers
326
1
A Different View
327
1
Special Issue: Juveniles Who Kill
328
1
The Death Penalty for Juveniles
329
2
Supreme Court Decisions
329
2
Summary and Conclusions
331
2
Key Concepts
333
1
13 Juvenile Rehabilitation: Community and Institutional Strategies
334
18
Juvenile Probation
335
1
The Restorative Justice Approach
336
1
Intensive Supervision Programs
337
3
Family Preservation Programs
340
2
Boot Camps
342
2
Institutional Programs
344
2
Transinstitutionalization
346
1
Institutional Treatment
346
4
Paint Creek Youth Center
347
2
Glen Mills School
349
1
Summary and Conclusions
350
1
Key Concepts
351
1
References
352
23
Index
375