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Tables of Contents for The Western World
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xii
Introduction: What is the Western World?
xiv
PART I Ancient Times
1
126
Volume I: Chapters 1-14
Shadows of the Pyramids The World Before the West
3
29
Prehistoric Peoples
3
7
Paleolithic Food-Gathering Peoples
4
2
Neolithic Food-Producing Peoples
6
2
The Emergence of Civilization
8
2
Mesopotamia and the First Cities
10
6
The City-States of Sumer
10
2
The Empires of Ur and Babylon
12
1
The Assyrian Empire
13
2
High Culture in Mesopotamia
15
1
Egypt and the Growth of Centralized Monarchy
16
7
A Kingdom Emerges Along the Nile
16
1
Old Kingdom Egypt: The Pyramid Builders
17
1
Middle Kingdom Egypt: Transition to Empire
18
1
New Kingdom Egypt and the Egyptian Empire
19
2
The Culture of the Nile
21
2
Persia Unites the Near East
23
4
The Near East in Tumult
23
1
The Hittites and the Phoenicians
24
1
The Persian Empire
25
2
The Hebrews and Ethical Monotheism
27
5
The Rise of the Hebrews
27
1
Hebrew Society
28
1
The Prophetic Age
28
2
Summary
30
1
Some Key Terms
30
1
Notes
30
1
Reading List
31
1
White Cities by the Sea The Greek City-States
32
28
The Rise of the Greek City-States
33
9
The Greek World: Geography and Culture
34
2
Minoans and Mycenaeans
36
1
The Greek City-States
37
2
Greek Colonies and Commercial Expansion
39
1
The Emergence of Athenian Democracy
40
2
The Age of Pericles
42
8
The Persian Wars
42
3
Pericles
45
1
Fifth-Century Greek Society
46
1
The Athenian Empire
46
1
The Peloponnesian Wars
47
3
Classical Greek Culture
50
10
Religion and History
50
1
Greek Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
51
1
Greek Poetry from Homer to Sappho
52
2
Greek Drama: Tragedy and Comedy
54
1
The Art of the Acropolis
55
2
Summary
57
1
Some Key Terms
58
1
Notes
58
1
Reading List
58
2
Athena and Isis The Hellenistic World
60
18
Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age
60
5
Philip Unifies Greece
61
1
Alexander Conquers Persia
62
2
The Hellenistic Monarchies
64
1
Hellenistic Society
65
3
Wealth and Poverty
66
Social Tensions
64
3
The Hellenization of the East
67
1
Hellenistic Culture
68
10
The Arts: Realism and Sentimentalism
69
1
Literature: From Comical to Pastoral
70
2
Science: The Hellenistic Flowering
72
1
Religion: Growth of the Mystery Cults
73
1
Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, and Cynics
74
1
Summary
75
1
Some Key Terms
76
1
Notes
76
1
Reading List
76
2
The City on the Seven Hills The Roman Republic
78
25
Roman Beginnings
80
3
Rome and the Mediterranean
80
1
Early Roman Society
81
2
Early Political Institutions
83
1
The Struggle of the Orders
83
6
The Expansion of Rome
84
1
The Conquest of Italy
84
1
The Wars with Carthage
85
3
The Conquest of the East
88
1
Disorder and Civil Strife
89
7
Social Strains
90
1
The Roman Civil War
91
2
The Rise and Fall of Julius Caesar
93
2
The Triumph of Augustus
95
1
Roman Culture
96
7
The Hellenization of Rome
96
1
Roman Literature
97
2
Roman Law
99
1
Roman Art and Engineering
99
1
Summary
100
1
Some Key Terms
100
1
Notes
101
1
Reading List
101
2
The Power of the Caesars The Roman Empire
103
24
The Roman Peace
104
8
Augustus and the Golden Age
104
2
Emperors of the First and Second Centuries
106
2
Imperial Government
108
2
Economic Expansion
110
1
Social Life in Ancient Rome
110
2
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
112
5
Breakdown and Recovery
112
2
Fifth-Century Collapse
114
2
Why Did Rome Fall?
116
1
The Rise of Christianity
117
3
Judaism and Jesus
117
2
The Message of Christ
119
1
The Christian Church Takes Shape
120
7
Christianity Under the Sign of the Fish
120
2
The Emergence of the Church
122
1
Heresy and Schism
123
1
The Fathers of the Church
124
1
Summary
124
1
Some Key Terms
125
1
Notes
125
1
Reading List
125
2
PART II The Centuries of Christendom
127
112
Out of the Ruins The Early Middle Ages
129
23
Centuries of Struggle
130
8
Germanic Kingdoms of the Early Middle Ages
130
2
Charlemagne's Empire
132
3
Raiders and Settlers: Vikings, Arabs, Magyars
135
2
Efforts at State Building: Alfred and Canute
137
1
Early Medieval Society
138
5
Royal Government in the Early Middle Ages
138
1
Feudal Politics
139
2
Manorial Agriculture
141
2
The Spread of Christianity
143
4
Early Medieval Popes---Gregory the Great
144
1
Missionaries
145
1
Monks and Nuns
146
1
Early Medieval Culture
147
5
Literature and Scholarship
147
1
The Celtic Flowering
148
1
The Carolingian Renaissance
148
1
Summary
149
1
Some Key Terms
150
1
Notes
150
1
Reading List
150
2
Sailing to Byzantium Europe's Eastern Neighbors
152
26
The Byzantine Empire
153
8
Byzantine Origins
153
1
Justinian and Theodora
154
2
The Power of Byzantine Autocracy
156
2
The Wealth of Constantinople
158
1
Byzantine Art and Thought
159
2
Kievan Russia
161
5
Eastern Europe and Its Peoples
161
1
The Slavs and the Varargian Princes
162
1
The Impact of Byzantium
163
1
The Age of Yaroslav the Wise
164
2
The Arab Empire
166
12
The Desert Peoples
166
1
The Vision of Muhammad
167
2
The Arab Conquests
169
2
The Arab Caliphs
171
1
Unity and Disunity in the Muslim World
172
1
The Arab Golden Age
173
2
Summary
175
1
Some Key Terms
175
1
Notes
176
1
Reading List
176
2
When the Cathedrals Were White The High Middle Ages
178
32
The Revival of Trade and Towns
179
5
Agricultural Improvements
179
1
The Resurgence of Trade
179
2
The Growth of Cities
181
3
The Commercial Revolution
184
1
The Feudal Monarchies
184
7
The Emergence of Feudal Monarchy
185
1
The Capetians: Philip Augustus, St. Louis, and Royal Power in France
185
1
From William the Conqueror to the First Parliament in England
186
3
Imperial Power in Germany: Otto the Great, Frederick Barbarossa, and Frederick II
189
2
The Medieval Church Triumphant
191
5
Corruption, Hersey, Friars, and Inquisitors
192
1
Church Reform and Papal Power: From Gregory VII to Innocent III
193
3
Women in the High Medieval Church
196
1
High Medieval Society and Culture
196
6
The Religious Culture of the Age of Faith
197
1
Gothic Architecture and Art
197
1
Scholasticism and the Twelfth-Century Renaissance
198
2
Chivalric Culture and Courtly Love
200
1
Jewish Life and Culture
201
1
The Medieval Expansion of Europe
202
8
The Reconquista and the Drang nach Osten
202
1
The Crusades
203
2
The Crusader States
205
1
Summary
206
1
Some Key Terms
207
1
Notes
207
1
Reading List
207
3
Apocalypse The End of the Middle Ages
210
29
Plague, Depression, and Social Strife
210
7
The Black Death
211
3
Economic Decline and Stagnation
214
1
Social Disarry
215
2
The Hundred Years' War
217
7
Causes of Conflict
218
1
Edward III and English Victories
219
1
Henry V, Joan of Arc, and the Turn of the Tide
220
1
Marauding Mercenaries and Bastard Feudalism
221
1
The Monarchies Challenged
222
2
The Church Divided
224
4
The Avignon Papacy
224
2
The Great Schism
226
1
Mysticism, Lay Piety, and Resurgent Heresy
227
1
Mongol and Muslim Attacks
228
4
The Decline of Kievan Russia and the Byzantine Empire
228
2
The Yoke of the Golden Horde
230
1
The Fall of Constantinople
231
1
The Survival of the West
232
7
The Growth of Government
232
1
Business Recovery
233
2
Late Medieval Art
235
1
The Climax of Medieval Literature: Dante and Chaucer
235
2
Summary
237
1
Some Key Terms
237
1
Notes
237
1
Reading List
237
2
PART III The Early Modern West
239
130
The West Reborn The Renaissance
241
29
Economic Revival
241
6
Renewed Population Growth
242
1
Agriculture, Trade, and Technology
243
1
Renaissance Cities
244
1
Renaissance Merchant Bankers
245
2
Renaissance Princes
247
8
The Revival of Political Power
247
1
Renaissance Despots: The Medici and the Borgias
248
1
The Spider King and the First Tudor
249
2
Ferdinand and Isabella
251
2
Czars and Emperors
253
2
An Evolving Society
255
3
The New Aristocracy
255
1
Women in the Renaissance
256
1
Cities and Villages
256
1
The Jews in the Renaissance
257
1
Humanism and Literature
258
4
Rediscovering the Classics
258
1
Humanist Social Thought
259
1
Innovative Spirits: Petrarch to Cervantes
260
1
Shakespeare and the English Renaissance
261
1
Renaissance Art
262
8
Renaissance Painting
262
1
Italian Painters: Giotto to Titian
263
1
Northern Painters: Durer to El Greco
264
1
Architecture and Sculpture
265
1
Women and Renaissance Art
266
1
Summary
266
1
Some Key Terms
267
1
Notes
267
1
Reading List
268
2
Faith and Fury The Reformation
270
27
The Lutheran Revolution
270
5
Martin Luther's Religious Crisis
271
1
The Religious Core of Protestantism
271
2
The Spread of Lutheranism
273
2
Secular Sources of Revolt
275
1
Calvinism and the International Protestant Movement
275
4
Calvin's Theology
276
1
Calvinist Geneva
277
1
Anabaptists and Other Sects
277
1
Protestantism and Society
278
1
The Catholic Reformation
279
2
The Reformation Popes
279
1
The Catholic Counterattack
279
1
Loyola and the Jesuits
280
1
The Nation-States in the Sixteenth Century
281
7
Henry VIII and the English Reformation
281
1
Francis I and the French Monarchy
282
1
Charles V and the Habsburg Predominance
282
2
Good Queen Bess
284
2
Philip II and the Power of Spain
286
1
Ivan the Terrible and the Growth of Russian Autocracy
287
1
The Wars of Religion
288
1
The Habsburg-Valois Wars
288
1
The Reformation Wars
289
8
The French Wars of Religion
290
1
The Dutch Revolt
291
2
The Birth of Toleration
293
1
Summary
294
1
Some Key Terms
295
1
Notes
295
1
Reading List
295
2
Volume II: Chapters 12-30
I Am the State The Age of Absolutism
297
25
The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century
297
6
The Thirty Years' War
298
2
The Midcentury Rebellions
300
1
Famine, Depression, and Disease
301
1
The Great Witch Craze
302
1
The Triumph of Absolute Monarchy: France
303
5
``I Am the State''
303
2
The Sun King
305
1
Mercantilism and War
306
2
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
308
4
The New Habsburg Empire
308
1
The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
309
1
Peter the Great
310
1
The Founding of Modern Russia
311
1
Constitutional Government: England and the Netherlands
312
10
Challenge to Royal Power in England
312
2
Cromwell and the English Commonwealth
314
1
The First Bill of Rights
315
1
The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic
316
2
The Rewards of Freedom
318
1
Summary
319
1
Some Key Terms
319
1
Notes
320
1
Reading List
320
2
Michelangelo's Dome and Newton's Apple The Birth of the Modern Mind
322
23
The Beginnings of Modern Political Thought
322
4
The Concept of Sovereignty
323
1
Hobbes and the Leviathan State
323
2
Locke and Government by Consent of the Governed
325
1
Expanding Horizons of Art
326
6
Baroque Art
327
2
Classical Art
329
1
Art for the Middle Classes
330
2
The Scientific Revolution
332
5
The Need for a New Paradigm
332
1
The Copernican Breakthrough
333
2
Newton and the Law of Gravity
335
1
Progress in Other Sciences
336
1
Impact of the New Science
337
8
The Philosophers of the Scientific Revolution
338
2
The Rage for Science
340
1
The New Worldview
341
1
Summary
342
1
Some Key Terms
342
1
Notes
342
1
Reading List
343
2
Empires Beyond the Seas The Rise of Western Imperialism
345
24
The Beginnings of Western Imperialism
345
5
The World Beyond the West
346
1
Motives for Imperial Expansion
346
2
The Technology of Empire Building
348
1
Phases and Forms of Imperialism
349
1
Sixteenth-Century Empires: The Iberian Powers
350
5
The Portuguese in Asia
351
1
The Spanish in the Americas
352
1
The Conquistadors
352
2
Spain's American Empire
354
1
Seventeenth-Century Empires: The North Atlantic Powers
355
5
The Dutch Commercial Empire
356
1
The French Mercantilist Empire
357
1
The Rise of Britain's World Empire
358
1
Russia's Eastward Expansion
359
1
Global Impact of Western Expansion
360
9
Asian Imports and the African Slave Trade
360
2
Produce and Precious Metals from the Americas
362
1
Ecological and Demographic Impact
363
1
Impact of Western Ideas and Economic Power
364
1
The West at the World's Center
365
1
Summary
366
1
Some Key Terms
366
1
Notes
366
1
Reading List
367
2
PART IV The Eighteenth Century: New Directions
369
95
The Pillars of Civilization Europe in the Old Regime
371
25
The Great Powers of Europe
371
6
France and the Legacy of Louis XIV
373
2
Britain and the First Prime Minister
375
1
Austria's New Empire
376
1
The Rise of Prussia
376
1
Russia: The Heritage of Peter the Great
377
1
The Power Structure
377
3
The Royal Center
378
1
Ministers and Servants of the State
378
1
Centers of Resistance to Royal Power
379
1
Classes and Communities
380
7
Aristocracy and Bourgeoisie
380
1
Urban Workers and Peasants
381
2
Women, Work, and the Family
383
1
The Village and the Preindustrial City
384
2
The Jewish Community: Persecution and Assimilation
386
1
Wars and International Relations
387
9
States and Empires
387
1
The War of the Austrian Succession
388
1
The Seven Years' War
389
3
Victims: Poland and Turkey
392
1
Summary
393
1
Some Key Terms
394
1
Notes
394
1
Reading List
395
1
The Age of Reason The Challenge of the Enlightenment
396
23
The Eighteenth-Century Philosophers
397
5
Voltaire and the Enlightenment
397
1
Philosophes and Saloniers
398
1
The Enlightenment Faith in Reason
399
2
Nature, Humanity, and Progress
401
1
Enlightenment Social Thought
402
7
The Enlightenment Critique
402
1
Montesquieu and the Powers of Government
403
1
Rousseau and the Social Contract
404
1
Adam Smith and the Laws of the Free Market
405
2
Enlightenment Ideas About Women
407
1
Religion and Philosophy
408
1
The Enlightened Absolutists
409
4
Enlightenment and Absolutism
410
1
Frederick the Great
411
1
Maria Theresa and Joseph II
412
1
Catherine the Great
412
1
Eighteenth-Century Culture
413
6
Neoclassical and Rococo Art
414
1
Middle-Class Realism in the Arts
415
1
Popular Culture
415
1
Summary
416
1
Some Key Terms
417
1
Notes
417
1
Reading List
417
2
Revolutionary Beginnings The American Revolution and the Industrial Revolution
419
22
The Agricultural Revolution and the Population Explosion
420
3
Agricultural Improvements
420
1
Causes of the Population Explosion
421
1
Soaring Population Figures
422
1
The Industrial Revolution
423
6
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
424
2
England and the Industrial Takeoff
426
1
Cotton, Coal, and Iron
426
1
Women in the Industrial Revolution
427
1
The Dawn of Modern Industrialism
428
1
Political Revolts in Europe
429
2
Pressures for Change
429
1
Peasant Revolts and Urban Turbulence
429
2
Aristocratic Resistance and Bourgeois Agitation
431
1
The American Revolution
431
5
Seeds of Revolt in North America
432
1
Minutemen, Liberty Boys, and the First Continental Congress
433
1
The War for Independence
434
1
The Oldest Constitution
435
1
Colonial Revolts in Latin America
436
5
Reforms and Discontents
437
1
Indian Uprisings and Slave Revolts
438
1
Summary
439
1
Some Key Terms
439
1
Notes
439
1
Reading List
440
1
From the Bastille to Waterloo The French Revolution and Napoleon's Empire
441
23
The Roots of Crisis
441
4
Social Problems of the Old Regime
442
2
Economic and Financial Disasters
444
1
The Political Crisis of 1789
444
1
The Revolution of Liberty, Equality, and Brotherhood
445
5
The Estates General
445
2
The Fall of the Bastille and the March on Versailles
447
1
Dismantling the Old Order
448
2
The Reign of the Guillotine
450
4
The Committee of Public Safety
450
1
The Reign of Terror
451
1
The Directory
452
1
Women in REvolt
452
2
Napoleon's European Empire
454
10
The Rise of Napoleon
454
1
General Napoleon
455
2
Napoleon and France
457
1
Napoleon and Europe
458
1
The Road to Waterloo, 1815
459
1
Summary
460
1
Some Key Terms
461
1
Notes
461
1
Reading List
462
2
PART V The Nineteenth Century: Western Supremacy
464
128
Power and Principles The Rise of Industrialism and Ideology
466
27
The Industrialization of the West
466
5
Britain and the Age of Steam
467
1
Industrialism Spreads to Europe and the Americas
468
2
Power Sources, Transportation, Communication
470
1
Free Enterprise and Big Business
471
4
The Rise of Free Enterprise
471
2
Corporations and Cartels
473
1
Economic Integration and Growth
474
1
A Changing Society
475
5
Classes in Conflict
475
1
Population and Migration
476
1
The New Industrial City
477
1
Women and Work in the Nineteenth Century
477
2
A Subculture of Youth
479
1
Conservatism and Liberalism
480
3
The Conservative Reaction
480
1
Nineteenth-Century Liberalism
481
1
Democracy and Welfare
482
1
Nationalism, Socialism, Feminism
483
10
Cultural and Political Nationalism
483
2
Chauvinism and Racism
485
1
Utopian Socialism and Marxism
486
1
The Rise of Social Democracy
487
1
The Emergence of Feminism
488
1
Summary
489
1
Some Key Terms
490
1
Notes
490
1
Reading List
490
3
The Springtime of the Peoples Revolution and Reaction
493
29
The Vienna Settlement
493
6
The Congress of Vienna
494
1
Redrawing the Map of Europe
495
2
Restoring the Old Order
497
1
The Concert of Europe
498
1
Successes and Failures of 1815
498
1
1820: The Fringe Revolutions
499
6
Rumblings of Discontent
499
2
Rebellions in Southern Europe
501
1
The Russian Revolution of 1825
502
1
The Latin American Wars of Liberation
503
2
1830: Revolution Returns to the Center
505
4
Unsolved Problems of the Restoration
505
1
The July Days in Paris
506
2
Britain's Reform Bill of 1832
508
1
Other Revolutions of 1830
509
1
The Advance of the Revolutionary Spirit
509
3
Changes in the Conservative Order
509
1
Liberalism and Radicalism in Western Europe
510
1
Liberalism and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe
511
1
Economic and Political Grievances
512
1
1848: The Springtime of the Peoples
512
10
The Two French Revolutions of 1848
513
2
The New Napoleon
515
1
The Revolutions of 1848 in Italy
515
1
The Revolutions of 1848 in Germany
516
1
Revolution Reaches the Land of Metternich
517
1
British and Russian Responses to Radicalism
518
1
Summary
519
1
Some Key Terms
520
1
Notes
520
1
Reading List
521
1
Blood and Iron Reshaping the Nations
522
24
Political Changes, East and West
522
6
Britain's Era of Reform
523
1
France: The Second Empire and the Third Republic
524
2
Austria and Russia: Autocracies under Pressure
526
2
The Birth of Two New Nations
528
5
Cavour and the Unification of Italy
528
2
Bismarck and the Unification of Germany
530
2
Bismarck's Later Policies
532
1
The Evolving Americas
533
4
Democracy and Division in the United States
533
2
The Civil War and the Gilded Age
535
1
Caudillos and Centralization in Latin America
536
1
The Drive for Social Change
537
9
Social Reforms: Voting, Work, Education
538
1
The Labor Movement
539
1
The Women's Movement
540
1
The Jews: Assimilation and Antisemitism
541
2
Summary
543
1
Some Key Terms
544
1
Notes
544
1
Reading List
544
2
Byron's Heart, Darwin's Ape, and Van Gogh's Ear Romanticism, Materialism, and Nonrationalism
546
21
Romanticism: The Triumph of the Heart
547
6
The Primacy of Emotion
547
1
The Romantic World-view
548
1
Romantic Rebellion in Literature
549
2
Art Full of Action and Color
551
1
Music from Beethoven to Bayreuth
552
1
Philosophy in the Romantic Age
553
1
Materialism: The Triumph of Reality
553
6
Philosophical Materialism
553
1
Scientific Breakthroughs in the Age of Darwin
554
2
Social Darwinism and Positivism
556
1
Realism and Naturalism in Fiction
557
2
Realism and Impressionism in Art
559
1
The New Nonrationalism
559
8
The Rejection of Materialism
560
1
Freud and Psychoanalysis
560
1
Nietzsche and the Death of God
561
1
Nonrational Forces
562
1
Fin-de-Siecle Art and Literature
563
1
Summary
564
1
Some Key Terms
565
1
Notes
565
1
Reading List
565
2
Empires on Which the Sun Never Sets The Climax of Western Imperialism
567
25
The New Imperialism
568
3
Forms of Imperialism
568
1
Causes of the New Imperialism
569
1
The Tools of the New Imperialism
570
1
The Western Predominance in Asia
571
7
The Eastern Question
572
1
British India
573
1
Colonizing Southeast Asia
574
1
Opening Up China
575
2
Japan Joins the Imperialists
577
1
The Western Conquest of Africa
578
4
The Pattern of Western Penetration
578
1
British Indirect Rule: Cape to Cairo
578
3
French Assimilation: West Africa
581
1
Other African Colonies
582
1
Internal Imperialism
582
3
The Continental Countries
582
1
Conditions for Conquest
583
1
Destruction of Non-Western Societies
583
2
The Impact of the New Imperialism
585
7
Imperialism and the West
585
2
Imperialism and the Non-Western World
587
1
Summary
588
1
Some Key Terms
589
1
Notes
589
1
Reading List
590
2
PART VI The Twentieth Century: The West in a Changing World
592
189
The Trenches and the Barricades World War I and the Russian Revolution
594
23
The Turn of the Century
594
4
Society and Politics
595
1
Chauvinists in Germany, Bolsheviks in Russia
596
1
The Progressive Movement in the United States
597
1
Origins of World War I
598
3
Causes of Conflict
598
1
Two Armed Camps
599
1
The Chain of Crises
600
1
The Great War, 1914-1918
601
5
Campaigns and Battles of World War I
601
2
Trench Warfare
603
1
The Home Front
604
1
Turning Points
604
2
The Russian Revolution of 1917
606
3
The February Revolution
606
1
The October Revolution
607
1
Enemies of the Revolution
607
1
Civil War and Communist Victory
608
1
The Peace of Paris
609
8
The Fall of the Last Emperors
609
2
A War-Shaken World
611
1
The Peacemakers
612
1
The Treaty of Versailles
613
1
The League of Nations
613
1
Summary
614
1
Some Key Terms
615
1
Notes
615
1
Reading List
615
2
Tomorrow the World Depression and Dictatorship
617
27
The Western Economy Between the Wars
617
4
Overproduction and the World Economy
618
1
The Role of the United States
618
2
The Great Depression
620
1
The Democracies Between the Wars
621
5
FDR and the New Deal
621
3
Britain: A Diminishing Pie
624
1
France Muddles Through
624
1
Weathering the Crisis
625
1
Nazis and Fascists
626
5
Totalitarianism
626
1
Mussolini and Fascist Italy
627
1
The Rise of Hitler
628
2
Building the Thousand-Year Reich
630
1
Communists, Militarists, and Other Dictators
631
6
Stalin and the Five-Year Plans
631
3
Stalinist Terror: The Purges and the Gulag
634
1
Dictatorship Around the World
635
2
A Society of Subcultures
637
7
The Consumer Society
637
1
Work Modes and Mass Culture
638
1
Women in Democracies and Authoritarian States
639
1
The Conflict of Generations
640
1
Summary
641
1
Some Key Terms
642
1
Notes
642
1
Reading List
642
2
From Blitzkrieg to Hiroshima World War II Divides the Century
644
24
Aggression and Appeasement
644
6
Aggression in China, Ethiopia, and Spain
646
1
Hitler in the Rhineland and Austria
647
1
The Axis, Munich, and the Hitler-Stalin Pact
648
2
Axis Victories, 1939-1942
650
5
Hitler's Blitzkrieg
650
3
The Battle of Britain
653
1
The Invasion of Russia
654
1
Pearl Harbor
654
1
Allied Triumphs, 1942-1945
655
6
Turning Points
655
2
Building Momentum: Russia, Africa, and Italy
657
1
D-Day in Western Europe
658
2
Across the Pacific
660
1
Unconditional Surrender, 1945
660
1
The Human Cost
661
7
The Home Front
661
1
The Air War
662
1
Repression and Resistance
663
1
Hitler's ``Final Solution''
663
1
The Holocaust
664
1
Summary
665
1
Some Key Terms
666
1
Notes
666
1
Reading List
666
2
A World Divided The Cold War and the End of the Western Empires
668
31
The Iron Curtain Descends
668
8
The United Nations
662
8
A Split in the Western World
670
2
Stalin's Domination of Eastern Europe
672
2
Mao's China, Korea and Vietnam Divided
674
2
Organizing the Cold War
676
1
The Long Twilight Struggle
676
8
Kennedy and Khrushchev: Hungary, Berlin, Cuba
678
2
Challenges in Czechoslovakia and Chile
680
2
Interventions in Vietnam and Afghanistan
682
1
Continuing Conflict around the World
683
1
Winding Down the Cold War
684
2
Detente and Disarmament
684
1
The End of the Cold War
685
1
Colonies on the Eve of Independence
686
3
Development and Independence Movements
686
1
World War II and the Overseas Empires
687
1
A New Generation of Leaders
688
1
The End of the Western Empires
689
10
The Liberation of India and Pakistan
689
1
End of Empire in Southeast Asia
690
1
Israel and the Arab Nations
690
2
Algeria and French West Africa
692
1
British Africa---Ghana to Kenya
693
1
The Congo and Southern Africa
694
1
South Africa and Apartheid
694
2
Summary
696
1
Some Key Terms
696
1
Notes
697
1
Reading List
697
2
Fat Years, Lean Years An Age of Affluence and Uncertainty
699
32
Political Trends in the U.S and Western Europe, 1940s-1990s
700
10
The United States: Fair Deal to Great Society
700
2
America's Conservative Resurgence
702
1
Sound and Fury in the 1990s
703
1
The New Germany: Democracy and Prosperity
704
1
France: Gaullism to Socialism
705
2
Britain: Welfare State to Enterprise Culture
707
1
Western Europe: Prosperity and Problems North and South
708
2
The Nations of the Commonwealth Face New Challenges
710
1
Political Trends in the USSR and Eastern Europe, 1940s-1990s
710
4
The Soviet Union: The Thaw and the Cadres
710
1
The Soviet Satellite States Survive
711
1
The Gorbachev Revolution in the Soviet Union
712
1
The Revolutions of 1989 in the Satellite States
713
1
The Disintegration of the Soviet Union, 1990-1991
713
1
The Western Economy: Welfare Capitalism
714
8
The United States and the Postwar Recovery
715
2
The Long Boom in the Capitalist West, 1950s-1970s
717
2
The Lean Years in the Capitalist West, 1970s-1990s
719
2
A High-Tech World
721
1
Western Society: Shifting Foundations
722
9
Population Growth, Migration, and the Changing City
722
1
Growth of the Welfare State
723
1
Middle Class, Working Class, Underclass
724
1
Ethnicity in the West
725
1
A Wider Choice for Women
726
1
The Youth: Militance and Withdrawl
727
1
Summary
728
1
Some Key Terms
728
1
Notes
728
1
Reading List
729
2
All Coherence Gone A Revolution in Western Culture
731
27
The Second Scientific Revolution
731
6
Matter and Energy
732
1
Relativity and Cosmology
733
2
Biology and Psychology
735
1
New Paradigms
736
1
Upheaval in Religion and Philosophy
737
4
Secularism and Salvation
737
1
Positivism and Pragmatism
738
1
Existentialism
739
1
From Structuralism to Deconstruction
740
1
Writers in Revolt
741
6
The Modernist Rebellion
741
1
Experimental Fiction
741
2
Plays and Poetry in the Waste Land
743
1
The Dada-Surrealist Stream
744
1
From Socialist Realism to Magical Realism
745
1
Late Modernism and Postmodernism
746
1
Artistic Experiments
747
11
Testing the Limits
747
1
The Evolution of Modernist Art
748
1
Modern Sculpture and Architecture
749
1
Modern Music and Dance
750
2
The Emerging Art of the Film
752
3
Summary
755
1
Some Key Terms
755
1
Notes
756
1
Reading List
756
2
Towards 2000 The West and the World at the End of the Millennium
758
23
The West and the Developing Nations
759
5
Defining the Third World
760
1
Old Agendas and Pressures for Change
761
1
Capital, Trade, Aid, and Loans
762
1
Women, Emancipation, and Poverty
763
1
The Roots of Non-Western Poverty
764
1
The West and the Non-Western Powers
764
7
Latin American Development
765
1
Leadership and Conflict in the Middle East
766
2
Japan as an Economic Powerhouse
768
1
The Tiger Economies: South Korea to Singapore
769
1
The Future of China and India
770
1
The West and a World in Disarray
771
3
Anxieties, Fears---and Anger
772
1
Economic Problems
772
1
Social Difficulties
773
1
Creeds in Conflict
774
1
The West and a Planet at Risk
774
2
The Population Explosion Roars On
774
1
Pollution and Dwindling Resources
775
1
The Environmental Crisis
775
1
Toward a New World Order?
776
5
A Watershed in Human Events
777
1
The Pax Americana
777
1
The Coming Boom
778
1
Shared Goals and Common Institutions
779
2
Summary
781
1
Some Key Terms
781
1
Notes
781
1
Reading List
781
Glossary
G-1
Index
I-1