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Tables of Contents for Comparative Criminal Justice Systems
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xiii
An International Perspective
1
32
Why Study the Legal System of Other Countries?
3
10
Provincial Benefits of an International Perspective
4
2
Universal Benefits of an International Perspective
6
7
Approaches to an International Perspective
13
4
Historical Approach
13
2
Political Approach
15
1
Descriptive Approach
16
1
Strategies under the Descriptive Approach
17
6
The Functions/Procedures Strategy
17
2
The Institutions/Actors Strategy
19
4
Comparison Through Classification
23
5
The Need for Classification
23
1
Classification Strategies
24
3
The Role of Classification in This Book
27
1
The Structure of This Book
28
3
Summary
31
1
Suggested Readings
31
2
Crime, Transnational Crime, and Justice
33
39
Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice
34
13
Comparative Criminology Looks at Crime as a Social Phenomenon
35
10
Comparative Criminology Looks at Crime as Social Behavior
45
2
Transnational Crime
47
15
Transnational Crime Types
48
7
Terrorism
55
7
Response to Transnational Crime
62
8
National Efforts
62
4
Regional Efforts
66
1
International Efforts
67
3
Summary
70
1
Suggested Readings
71
1
An American Perspective on Criminal Law
72
32
Essential Ingredients of Justice Systems
73
21
Substantive Criminal Law
75
8
Procedural Criminal Law
83
11
Liberty, Safety, and Fighting Terrorism
94
8
The USA Patriot Act---Substantive Law Issues
94
2
Due Process and Terrorist Suspect---Procedural Law Issues
96
5
Is America's Reaction That Different?
101
1
Summary
102
1
Suggested Readings
103
1
Legal Traditions
104
45
Legal Systems and Legal Traditions
105
4
Today's Four Legal Traditions
109
27
Common Legal Traditions
111
6
Civil Legal Tradition
117
6
Socialist Legal Tradition
123
6
Islamic (Religious/Philosophical) Legal Tradition
129
7
Comparison of the Legal Traditions
136
11
Cultural Component
137
4
Substantive Component
141
2
Procedural Component
143
4
Summary
147
1
Suggested Readings
148
1
Substantive Law and Procedural Law in the Four Legal Traditions
149
40
Substantive Criminal Law
150
14
General Characteristics and Major Principles
150
4
Substantive Law in the Common Legal Tradition
154
2
Substantive Law in the Civil Legal Tradition
156
3
Substantive Law in the Socialist Legal Tradition
159
2
Substantive Law in the Islamic Legal Tradition
161
3
Procedural Criminal Law
164
23
Adjudicatory Processes
166
9
Judicial Review
175
12
Summary
187
1
Suggested Readings
188
1
An International Perspective on Policing
189
42
Classification of Police Structures
191
29
Centralized Single Systems: Nigeria
193
3
Decentralized Single Systems: Japan
196
4
Centralized Multiple Coordinated Systems: France
200
7
Decentralized Multiple Coordinated Systems: Germany
207
4
Centralized Multiple Uncoordinated Systems: Spain
211
4
Decentralized Multiple Uncoordinated Systems: Mexico
215
5
Policing Issues: Police Misconduct
220
3
Policing Issues: Global Cooperation
223
6
International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO)---Interpol
223
3
Europol
226
1
Examples of Harmonization and Approximation in the European Union
227
2
Summary
229
1
Suggested Readings
230
1
An International Perspective on Courts
231
53
Professional Actors in the Judiciary
233
14
Variation in Legal Training
233
3
Variation in Prosecution
236
8
Variation in Defense
244
3
The Adjudicators
247
17
Presumption of Innocence
250
1
Professional Judges
251
3
Lay Judges and Jurors
254
3
Examples along the Adjudication Continuum
257
7
Variation in Court Organization
264
18
France
266
4
England
270
3
Nigeria
273
3
China
276
4
Saudi Arabia
280
2
Summary
282
1
Suggested Readings
283
1
An International Perspective on Corrections
284
45
Sentencing Options
285
6
Justifications for Punishment
287
1
Overview of Typical Options
288
1
International Standards for Corrections
289
2
Financial Penalties
291
5
Fines
291
3
Compensation of Victims and Community
294
2
Corporal and Capital Punishment
296
10
International Standards
296
1
Corporal Punishment
297
3
Capital Punishment
300
6
Noncustodial Sanctions
306
6
International Standards
306
1
Community Corrections
307
1
Probation
308
4
Custodial Sanctions
312
16
International Standards
312
2
Prison Populations
314
2
Prison Systems
316
4
Women in Prison
320
4
Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Prison
324
4
Summary
328
1
Suggested Readings
328
1
An International Perspective on Juvenile Justice
329
29
Delinquency as a Worldwide Pattern
331
5
Setting International Standards
333
1
Determining Who Are Juveniles
334
1
Determining the Process
335
1
Models of Juvenile Justice
336
20
Welfare Model
337
5
Legalistic Model
342
3
Corporatist Model
345
6
Participatory Model
351
5
Summary
356
1
Suggested Readings
357
1
Japan: Examples of Effectiveness and Borrowing
358
47
Why Study Japan?
360
4
Japan's Effective Criminal Justice System
360
1
Borrowing in a Cross-Cultural Context
361
3
Japanese Cultural Patterns
364
5
Homogeneity
365
1
Contextualism and Harmony
366
1
Collectivism
366
1
Hierarchies and Order
367
2
Criminal Law
369
4
Law by Bureaucratic Informalism
372
1
Policing
373
5
Why Are the Japanese Police Effective?
Judiciary
378
16
Pretrial Activities
383
4
Defense Attorney Role
387
1
Trial Options
388
5
Judgments
393
1
Corrections
394
5
History
394
1
Community Corrections
395
4
Coming Full Circle
399
1
What Might Work
400
3
Summary
403
1
Suggested Readings
404
1
References
405
26
Index
431