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Tables of Contents for Resources of the Earth
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vi
 
PART I INTRODUCTION AND THE ORIGIN OF RESOURCES
1
4
Modern Society and Earth Resources: The Complex Network
1
1
The Changing World
2
1
Interdependence and Complexity
2
1
The Earth -- Our Only Home
3
1
The Formation of Earth Resources and Plate Tectonics
3
2
Minerals: The Foundations of Society
5
18
The World's Resource Needs
6
1
Population Growth: The Force That Drives Resource Consumption
7
5
Materials We Use
12
3
Consequences of Resource Exploitation
15
5
Resources, Reserves, and Ores
20
2
Where Do Earth Resources Come From?
22
1
Internet Information Sources
22
1
CO2 and the Greenhouse Effect
13
3
The Lessons of Busang and Bre-X
16
7
The Origins of Earth Resources
23
 
Inroduction
24
1
Plate Tectonics
24
2
Subsurface Igneous and Metamorphic Processes
26
11
Surface Processes
37
3
Shallow Subsurface and Diagenetic Processes
40
2
Marine Processes
42
2
Conclusions
44
1
Internet Information Sources
44
 
Fluid Inclusions
28
4
Placer Deposits: Panning Gold and Mining Gravel
32
4
Seabed Ownership
36
 
PART 2 HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF RESOURCE USAGE
5
234
Historical Changes
45
1
Environmental Impacts
46
3
Earth Resources Through History
49
28
Introduction
50
1
Resources of Antiquity
51
1
From Rome to the Renaissance
52
1
Global Exploration and Colonialism
52
3
Humans and Metals
55
5
Modern Trends in Resource Usage
60
5
Global Distribution and the International Flow of Resources
65
11
Internet Information Sources
76
1
The California Gold Rush
56
12
The Industrial Revolution
68
9
Environmental Impacts of Resource Exploitation and Use
77
52
Introduction
78
1
How Exploiting Resources Affects the Environment
79
21
How Using Resources Affects the Environment
100
13
Disposal or Recycling of Industrial and Domestic Waste Products
113
9
Internet Information Sources
122
3
Acid Rain
84
 
Radon
5
115
The Move to Recycle
120
5
PART 3 ENERGY
Fossil Fuels
125
2
Nuclear Energy
127
1
Alternative Energy
127
2
Energy From Fossil Fuels
129
61
Introduction
130
1
Energy Units
131
1
The Changing Use of Energy
131
2
Fossil Fuels
133
55
Future Fossil Fuel Resources
188
1
Internet Information Sources
188
2
The Persian Gulf War 1990-91: Oil, Politics, Environment
134
14
The United States Strategic Petroleum Reserves
148
7
Coal Bed Methane
155
24
Plastics
179
11
Energy for the Future---Nuclear Power and Other Possible Alternatives
190
49
Introduction
191
1
Nuclear Power---Uranium and Nuclear Fission
192
18
Alternative Energy Sources
210
27
The Future
237
1
Internet Information Sources
237
2
United States Nuclear Waste Storage-Yucca Mountain
201
15
Chernobyl
216
12
Hydroelectric Power
228
11
PART 4 METALS
239
92
History
239
1
Types and Abundances of Metals
240
3
Abundant Metals
243
36
Metals and Their Properties
244
1
The Nature of Ore Deposits
244
2
Iron: The Backbone of Industry
246
15
Manganese
261
3
Aluminum, the Metal of the Twenty-first Century
264
7
Titanium
271
1
Megnesium
272
2
Silicon
274
3
Abundant Metals in the Future
277
1
Internet Information Sources
278
1
The Iron Ranges
252
13
Making and Recycling Automobiles
265
11
The Values of Metals
276
3
The Geochemically Scarce Metals
279
52
Production of the Geochemically Scarce Metals
280
1
Distribution of Scarce Metals in the Crust
280
3
Ore Minerals of the Scarce Metals
283
1
Classification of the Scarce Metals by Usage
283
1
The Ferro-Alloy Metals
284
13
The Base Metals
297
15
The Precious Metals
312
13
The Special Metals
325
4
Internet Information Sources
329
2
Lead in the Environment
287
21
More than Zinc from a Zinc Mine
308
11
Gold Extraction Using Mercury and Cyanide
319
12
PART 5 FERTILIZER, CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION, AND INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES
331
70
Construction and Industrial Minerals
331
1
Fertilizer and Chemicals Minerals
332
3
Fertilizer and Chemical Minerals
335
27
Introduction
336
1
Minerals for Fertilizers
336
1
Historical Overview of Fertilizers
336
5
Nitrogen
341
1
Phosphorus
342
3
Potassium
345
3
Sulfur
348
1
Minerals for Chemicals
349
12
Fertilizer and Chemical Minerals in the Future
361
1
Internet Information Sources
361
1
The Early Potash Industry and U.S. Patent Number 1
339
19
Lake Peigneur, Where Oil and Salt did not Mix
358
2
Minerals in Foods, Medicines, and Cosmetics
360
2
Building Materials and Other Industrial Minerals
362
39
Introduction
363
1
Untreated Rock Products
364
9
Treated Rock Products
373
8
Other Major Industrial Minerals
381
13
Gemstones
394
5
The Future for Building Materials and Industrial Minerals
399
1
Internet Information Sources
399
2
Marble for the Masters
367
15
What Is This Page Made Of?
382
7
Synthetic Diamonds
389
12
PART 6 WATER AND SOIL FOR LIFE SUPPORT
401
96
Water
401
1
Soil
402
3
Water Resources
405
57
Introduction
406
1
The Global Distribution of Water
406
19
Our Use of Water
425
17
Potential Water Problems
442
11
Large-Scale Transportation and Diversion Systems
453
7
Internet Information Sources
460
2
Restoring a River: The Kissimmee
414
16
Water for New York City
430
11
Water in the Middle East
441
16
The Death of a Lake---The Aral Sea
457
5
Soil as a Resource
462
24
Introduction
463
1
Soil Formation and Distribution
463
9
Soil Type and Land Use
472
6
Erosion and Deterioration of Soils
478
3
Conservation---The Keyword for Soil Science
481
3
Internet Information Sources
484
2
How Fast Does Soil Form?
468
5
The Dust Bowl
473
4
Selenium Poisoning in the San Joaquin Valley
477
5
Deforestation, Soil Erosion, and the Destruction of Environmental Assets
482
4
Future Resources
486
11
Introduction
487
1
Future Mineral Resources
487
3
Metals for the Future
490
1
Fertilizers and Chemicals for the Future
491
1
Building and Industrial Materials for the Future
491
1
Energy for the Future
491
3
The Future of Alternative Energy Sources
494
1
Water and Soil for the Future
495
1
Technology and Innovation
495
1
Internet Information Sources
496
1
Appendix: Calendar of Earth Resources Events
497
5
Glossary
502
8
Index
510