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Tables of Contents for Classroom Assessment for Students With Special Needs in Inclusive Settings
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART 1 OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS
1
132
The Process of Assessment
2
44
Introduction to the Special Education Process
3
1
The Decision to Assess
4
1
The Pre-Referral Process
5
7
General Screening Procedures
5
2
Identification of Problem
7
1
Preschool Screening
7
1
Information Gathering for the Referral
8
1
Referral and Intervention Teams
9
2
Provisions of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
11
1
The Referral and Classification Process
12
14
Initiation of the Referral Process
12
1
Evaluation Procedures
13
2
The Evaluation Plan
15
2
Multidisciplinary Team Membership
17
6
Classification Eligibility
23
1
Classification Criteria
24
2
The Placement and Service Determination Process
26
6
Placement Determination
26
1
Optional Placements
26
3
Related Services
29
1
Assistive Technology Services and Devices
30
2
IEP Development and Evaluation Process
32
7
Development of the Individualized Education Plan
32
1
Assessment Information Required in the IEP
33
4
Coordinating Assessment Results in IEP Development and Monitoring
37
1
The IEP Connection
38
1
The Program Review Process
39
7
Evaluation of Progress
39
1
The Annual Review
39
1
Triennial Evaluation
40
1
Due Process
41
5
Types of Assessment
46
46
Introduction to the Various Types of Assessment
48
1
Formal vs. Informal Assessment
48
3
Types of Achievement Assessment
51
7
Formal Assessment
51
1
Types of Formal Assessment
51
2
Informal (Authentic) Assessment
53
2
Types of Informal (Authentic) Assessment
55
3
Choosing What Type of Test to Use
58
7
Section of Standardized Tests
58
1
Decide What Type of Test Is Appropriate
59
6
Administration and Interpretation of Formal Testing
65
7
Administration of Standardized Tests
65
1
Scoring and Interpretation of Standardized Tests
66
6
Administration and Interpretation of Informal Assessment
72
11
Task Analysis
73
2
Probes
75
1
Response Journals or Learning Logs
76
1
Think-Aloud Technique
77
1
Questionnaires
77
1
Interviews
78
1
Checklists
78
1
Work-Sample Analysis
78
1
Error Analysis
79
1
Self-Evaluation
79
1
Peer Evaluation
80
1
Observation
80
1
Rating Scales
80
1
Rubric Scoring
81
1
Analytical Trait Scoring
82
1
Holistic Scoring
82
1
Anchor Papers
83
1
Technology---Computerized Assessment
83
9
Assistive Technology
83
1
Types of Assistive Technology
83
2
Computer Systems
85
7
Factors Affecting Test Performance
92
41
Introduction to Factors That Affect School Performance
93
1
Medical Issues
94
8
Chronic Medical Conditions
94
1
Respiratory Problems
95
2
Endocrine Problems
97
2
Neurological Problems
99
2
General Health Concerns
101
1
Visual and Auditory Acuity/Perception
102
12
Visual Acuity Problems
102
3
Visual Efficiency
105
5
Visual Processing Disorders
110
1
Auditory Acuity Problems
111
3
Auditory Processing Disorders
114
1
Emotional/Attentional/Behavioral Issues
114
7
Emotional Problems
114
4
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
118
2
Substance Abuse
120
1
Home/Cultural/School Issues
121
12
Home/Family Problems
121
5
Cultural/Linguistic Differences
126
2
School History Concerns
128
5
PART 2 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ISSUES
133
62
Accountability, Accommodations, and Alternative Assessment
134
32
Introduction to Accountability, Accommodations, and Alternative Assessment
135
2
IDEA-97---Mandates Dealing with Assessment and Accountability
137
3
Reasons for Reform
137
1
Barriers to Full Inclusion in Assessment and Accountability
138
2
Issues of Accountability
140
3
Variations in Assessment Among States and Districts
141
2
Testing Accommodations
143
12
Accommodations
143
1
Guidelines for Providing Accommodations
143
5
Other Accommodations
148
2
Modifications
150
2
Correlating Accommodations to Specific Learning Characteristics
152
3
Alternative Assessment
155
2
Measurement Approaches
155
1
Criteria for Determining Whether a Student Requires Alternative Assessment
156
1
Assessment and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners
157
9
Criteria Required for Fair Assessment of Cross-Cultural Students
158
8
Gathering Baseline Assessment Information
166
29
Introduction to Preliminary Assessment
167
1
Teacher---Parent Interview
168
6
Teacher Interview
168
2
Parent Interview
170
4
Record Review
174
5
Cumulative Files
174
3
Confidential Files
177
1
Health Records
177
1
Anecdotal Records
178
1
Work Sample Analysis
179
2
Quality of Work
180
1
Quantity of Work
180
1
Student Observation
181
8
Observations in Group Settings
184
1
Types of Direct Observation
184
5
Observation During Testing Session
189
1
Student Interview
189
6
PART 3 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ASSESSMENT
195
304
Reading Assessment
196
70
Introduction to Reading Assessment
197
1
The Reading Process
198
6
Developmental Stages of the Reading Process
199
1
Developmental Reading Processes and Factors Affecting Students with Disabilities
199
5
Preliminary Data Collection
204
4
Teacher---Parent Interviews
204
4
Reading Assessment Procedures
208
44
Standardized vs. Informal Reading Assessment Measures
208
2
Criterion-Referenced Tests
210
1
Visual Processing
211
1
Metalinguistics
212
1
Letter/Word Identification
212
3
Word Attack
215
1
Oral Reading
215
3
Error Pattern Analysis
218
1
Miscue Analysis
219
2
Word Meaning
221
1
Metacognition
222
4
Rate of Reading
226
1
Comprehension
227
1
Interest Inventory
228
1
Cloze Procedure
229
2
Maze Procedure
231
1
Think-Aloud Procedure
232
1
Retelling/Paraphrasing
232
1
Running Records
233
1
Portfolio Assessment
234
4
Informal Reading Inventory
238
3
Readability Graph
241
2
Curriculum-Based Measurement
243
3
Fluency Measures
246
5
Performance-Based Assessment
251
1
Scoring and Procedures for Reading Assessment
252
14
Written and Oral Language Assessment
266
62
Introduction to Written and Oral Language Assessment
267
1
The Language Process
268
8
Components of Oral Language
269
1
Developmental Stages of Oral Language
270
2
Oral Language Factors Affecting Students with Disabilities
272
1
Components of Written Language
272
1
Developmental Stages of Written Language
273
1
Written Language Factors Affecting Students with Disabilities
273
3
Preliminary Data Collection
276
8
Teacher Interview
277
1
Analysis of Classroom Environment
277
1
Parent Interview
277
1
Record Review
278
1
Anecdotal Records
279
1
Work-Sample Analysis
280
1
Student Observation
281
2
Student Interview
283
1
Oral Language Assessment Procedures
284
8
Standardized and Criterion-Referenced Published Tests
285
1
Speech Disorders
285
2
Spoken Language Assessment
287
1
Language Samples
287
2
Listening Skills: Attention
289
1
Assessing for Language Use: Pragmatics
289
3
Written Language Assessment Procedures
292
14
Formal, Standardized Written Language Tests
292
1
Criterion-Referenced Assessment
293
1
Assessing Written Expression
293
1
Interest Inventory
294
2
Assessing the Writing Process
296
1
Student Journals
297
1
Portfolio Assessment of Written Language
298
2
Curriculum-Based Measurement
300
1
Written Language Probes
301
2
Performance-Based Assessment
303
1
Diagnostic Inventory
303
1
Error Analysis
304
2
Student Self-Assessment
306
1
Language Scoring Procedures
306
22
Holistic Scoring
306
4
Analytic Scoring
310
2
Anchor Paper Scoring Method
312
16
Spelling and Handwriting Assessment
328
46
Introduction to Spelling and Handwriting Assessment
329
1
The Spelling and Handwriting Process
330
8
Components of Spelling
330
2
Development of Spelling Skills
332
2
Factors Affecting Spelling
334
1
Components of Handwriting
335
1
Development of Handwriting Skills
336
1
Factors Affecting Handwriting
337
1
Preliminary Data Collection
338
3
Teacher---Parent Interviews
338
1
Record Review
338
2
Work-Sample Analysis
340
1
Observations
340
1
Student Interview
341
1
Spelling Assessment Procedures
341
13
Phonemic Awareness Assessment
343
1
Spelling Error Analysis
344
2
Dictated Spelling Test
346
1
Informal Spelling Inventory
347
1
Cloze Procedure
347
2
Curriculum-Based Measurement
349
2
Spelling Probes
351
1
Performance Spelling Assessment
352
2
Handwriting Assessment Procedures
354
9
Handwriting Readiness
354
1
Handwriting Characteristics
355
2
Handwriting Sample Assessment
357
2
Handwriting Probes
359
1
Error Analysis of Handwriting
359
4
Spelling and Handwriting Scoring Procedures
363
11
Holistic Scoring for Manuscript and Cursive Handwriting
363
1
Analytic Scoring
363
11
Mathematical Assessment
374
64
Introduction to Mathematical Assessment
375
1
The Mathematical Process
376
11
The Hierarchy of Mathematical Acquisition and Instruction
378
1
The Focus of Curriculum Through the School Years
378
1
Shift from Traditional Assessment Procedures
379
1
Math NCTM Standards
379
2
Mathematical Problems Experienced by Students with Learning Disorders
381
6
Preliminary Data Collection
387
5
Parent---Teacher Interviews
387
1
Record Review
388
2
Work-Sample Analysis
390
1
Observation
391
1
Student Interviews
391
1
Math Assessment
392
36
Formal Math Tests
392
1
Criterion-Referenced Math Tests
393
2
Curriculum-Based Assessment
395
1
Math Probes
396
2
Error Analysis
398
10
Oral Math Interview
408
3
Task Analysis
411
1
Math Curriculum Scope and Sequence Analysis
412
3
Mathematical Inventory
415
1
Mathematical Journal Writing
416
2
Performance-Based Assessment
418
4
Math Portfolio
422
1
Math Self-Assessment
423
1
Peer Assessment
424
1
Life Skills Assessment---Math Skills
424
4
Math Scoring Procedures
428
10
Holistic and Analytic Scoring
428
1
Rubrics
428
1
Rating Scales
429
9
Content-Area Subjects and Study Skills Assessment
438
61
Introduction to Content-Area and Study Skills Assessment
439
1
The Content-Area Subject Process
440
9
The Focus of Content Area Curriculum Through the School Years
443
1
Shift from Traditional Assessment Procedures
444
1
The Process of Content Area Assessment
445
2
Content-Area Subject Problems Experienced by Students with Learning Disabilities
447
2
Preliminary Data Collection
449
8
Parent---Teacher Interviews
449
1
Record Review
449
2
Work-Sample Analysis
451
1
Anecdotal Records
451
1
Student Observation
452
2
Student Interview
454
3
Content-Area Subject Assessment
457
21
Standardized Assessment
457
1
Performance-Based Assessment
458
1
Curriculum-Based Assessment and Measurement
459
1
Drawing Mental Models
459
4
Concept Map Assessment
463
2
Content-Area Oral Interview
465
1
Contracts
466
1
Self-Assessment Reflection
466
2
Peer Assessment
468
1
Learning Logs and Journals
469
1
Portfolios
470
1
Textbook Evaluation
471
7
Content-Area Study Skills
478
7
Observing Study Skills
480
1
Metacognitive Reflection
480
1
Memory Skills
481
1
Time Management and Organizational Skills
482
1
Note Taking
483
1
Research Skills
483
2
Preparing for and Taking Tests
485
1
Types of Scoring Procedures
485
14
Skills Checklist
485
2
Rubrics
487
1
Developing a Rubric
488
1
Holistic Scoring
489
10
PART 4 FOCUS ON TRANSITION ASSESSMENT
499
68
Transition Assessment: Early Childhood and Secondary Levels
500
67
Introduction to the Transition Process
501
1
The Transition Process
502
9
Components of Early Childhood Assessment
504
1
Components of Early Childhood Transitions
504
2
Components of Secondary Transitions
506
2
Effect of Transition Assessment and Planning
508
1
Transition Legislation
508
3
The Early Childhood Assessment Process
511
6
Developmental Assessment
512
2
Transition Requirements for Early Intervention/Early Childhood
514
3
Early Childhood Preliminary Data Collection
517
11
Parent---Teacher Interviews
517
3
Student Observation
520
2
Play-Based or Arena Assessment
522
1
Student Interviews
523
2
Record Review
525
1
Work Sample Analysis
526
1
Anecdotal Records
526
2
Early Childhood Assessment
528
12
Standardized Tests
528
2
Criterion-Referenced Tests
530
1
Self-Evaluation
530
1
Portfolios
530
1
Curriculum-Based Assessment
531
2
Specific Skill Checklists
533
3
Sociograms
536
1
Videotape, Audiotape, and Photographic Recordings
537
1
Rating Scales
538
2
The Secondary-Level Transition Assessment Process
540
6
Postsecondary Options
541
1
Reasonable Accommodations for Individuals with Disabilities
542
2
Secondary-Level Transition Planning
544
2
Secondary-Level Preliminary Data Collection
546
5
Parent---Teacher Interviews
547
1
Observations
547
1
Work Samples
547
2
Student Interviews
549
1
Record Review
549
2
Secondary-Level Transition Assessment
551
16
Standardized Assessment
553
1
Ecological Assessment
553
2
Career Performance Assessment
555
1
Portfolios
555
2
Checklists and Rating Scales
557
4
Curriculum-Based Vocational Assessment
561
6
Index
567
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