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Tables of Contents for An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Knowledge and Justification
1
20
Epistemology
1
1
Propositional Knowledge
2
1
Knowledge as Justified True Belief
3
1
The Gettier Problem
4
1
Truth
5
2
Belief
7
1
Justification
8
2
The Property and the Activity of Justification
10
1
Justification and Evidence
10
1
Conclusive and Nonconclusive Evidence
11
1
Justification and Defeasibility
12
2
Defeasibility and the Gettier Problem
14
1
A Failed Attempt at Solving the Gettier Problem
15
1
A Defeasibility Solution to the Gettier Problem
16
1
An Amended JTB Account of Knowledge
17
2
Study Questions and Exercises
19
2
Epistemology and Philosophical Analysis
21
25
Concepts and Propositions
21
2
Necessity and Possibility
23
1
Entailment and Necessary Coextension
24
2
Conceptual Analysis
26
2
Criteriological Analysis
28
2
Supervenience in Epistemology
30
1
Weak and Strong Supervenience
31
3
The Case for Strong Supervenience
34
2
Analytical Monism and Pluralism
36
2
Principles of Prima Facie Justification
38
3
Epistemological Pessimism
41
2
Study Questions and Exercises
43
3
A Priori Knowledge
46
23
Kant's Definition of Apriority
46
1
Sensory and Nonsensory Experience
47
1
A Priori Justification and Concept Learning
48
2
Apriority and Necessity
50
1
A Posteriori Justification for Necessary Truths
51
2
The Truth Value and Modal Status of Propositions
53
1
The Fallibility of A Priori Justification
53
1
A Third Way of Defining Apriority
54
3
A Fourth Way of Defining Apriority
57
1
The Analytic-Synthetic Distinction
58
2
Kant's Definition of Analyticity
60
1
The Fregean Definition of Analyticity
61
1
Two Objections to the Fregean Definition
62
1
A Linguistic Definition of Analyticity
63
1
Skepticism About Apriority and the Nature of Argumentation
64
3
Study Questions and Exercises
67
2
The Concept of Epistemic Justification
69
20
Epistemic Justification and Two Kinds of Normativity
69
1
The Deontological Approach
70
1
Epistemic Duty and the End of Believing Truly
71
2
Epistemic Duty and Evidence
73
1
Epistemic Duty and Doxastic Involuntariness
74
2
Feldman's Solution
76
1
An Alternative Solution
77
2
Epistemic Deontologism and Truth Conduciveness
79
1
Two Types of Probability
80
1
Justification and Factual Probability
81
3
Deontologically Justified Beliefs and Truth Conduciveness
84
1
Internalism and Externalism
84
2
Study Questions and Exercises
86
3
Foundationalism
89
25
Basic Beliefs
89
3
Foundationalism Defined
92
1
A Sample Foundationalist Analysis
92
1
The Regress Argument
93
2
The Regress Problem and Skepticism
95
1
The Regress Problem and Coherentism
96
1
Is an Infinite Regress Really Impossible?
97
2
Self Justification
99
1
Indubitability, Infallibility, and Certainty
100
1
Basic Beliefs and Experience
101
1
Basic Beliefs and Reliability
102
1
Basic Beliefs and Presumptive Reliability
103
2
Classical Foundationalism
105
2
Modern Foundationalism
107
1
Minimal Foundationalism
108
1
Foundationalism and Coherence
109
1
Study Questions and Exercises
110
4
Coherentism
114
26
Neurath's Metaphor
114
1
Coherentism and Circularity
115
2
Putative Elements of Coherence
117
3
Lehrer on Acceptance
120
2
Coherence as the Beating of Competitors
122
2
Trustworthiness
124
1
Level Ascent, Acceptance, and Belief
125
2
Lehrer's Coherentism and Foundationalism Compared
127
1
Laurence BonJour: Coherence as Metajustification
128
1
BonJourean Justification and Epistemic Responsibility
129
1
BonJourean Level Ascent
130
1
Level Ascent and Skepticism
131
1
The Isolation Objection
132
5
Study Questions and Exercises
137
3
The Debate Over Foundationalism and Coherentism
140
20
Davidson's ``Circle of Belief'' Argument
140
2
BonJour's Argument Against Nondoxastic Justification
142
2
A Foundationalist Reply to BonJour's Argument
144
1
Coherentism and the Regress of Levels
145
2
The BonJourean Level Regress
147
3
Supervenience: The Case for Nondoxastic Justification
150
2
Lehrer's Coherentism Reconsidered
152
5
A Final Verdict
157
1
Study Questions and Exercises
158
2
Reliabilism
160
17
Process Reliabilism
160
2
Reliabilism and Naturalistic Epistemology
162
1
The Evil-Demon Problem
163
1
The Clairvoyance Problem
164
1
The Generality Problem
165
2
Rule Reliabilism and the Evil-Demon Problem
167
2
Strong and Weak Justification
169
1
Virtue Reliabilism
170
1
The Clairvoyance Problem and the Evil-Demon Problem Revisited
171
3
Study Questions and Exercises
174
3
Naturalistic and Nonnaturalistic Epistemology
177
26
Armchair Epistemology
177
3
Quinean Naturalization: Normative Epistemology Eliminated
180
3
Epistemological Naturalism
183
5
Chisholmian Naturalism and Goldmanian Naturalization
188
3
Epistemological Pessimism and Goldmanian Analytic Naturalism
191
2
Epistemological Pessimism and Chisholmian Analytic Naturalism
193
1
Epistemological Pessimism and Naturalism
194
1
Naturalized Epistemology and Antiapriorism
195
1
The Darwinian Argument
196
4
Study Questions and Exercises
200
3
Skepticism
203
21
The Evil Demon and the Mad Scientist
203
1
Skeptical Arguments
204
3
A General Point About Debating the Skeptic
207
2
The Antiskepticism of G. E. Moore
209
1
Rebutting the BIV Argument Against Justification
210
3
The BIV Hypothesis and Defeasibility
213
1
The BIV Hypothesis and the Concept of Knowledge
214
2
The Argument from Error
216
2
A Revised Argument from Error
218
3
Study Questions and Exercises
221
3
References
224
5
Name Index
229
1
Subject Index
230