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Tables of Contents for Politics in States and Communities
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
Politics in States and Communities
1
24
A Political Approach to States and Communities
2
1
The Comparative Study to States and Communities
2
5
Race and Ethnicity
7
3
The Politics of Immigration
10
2
Liberalism and Conservatism in the States
12
3
Policy Responsibilities of States and Communities
15
3
``States,'' ``Districts,'' and ``Territories''
18
7
Democracy and Constitutionalism in the States
25
28
Constitutional Government in the States
26
3
State Constitutions: An Overview
29
5
Constitutional Change in the States
34
4
Democracy in the States
38
2
Direct versus Representative Democracy
40
3
The Politics of State Initiatives
43
10
States, Communities, and American Federalism
53
35
What Is Federalism?
54
1
Why Federalism?
54
2
Federalism's Faults
56
2
The Structure of American Federalism
58
6
Battles in the States over Constitutional Amendments
64
2
How Money Shifted Power to Washington
66
7
The Politics of Grants-in-Aid
73
2
Federalism: Variations on the Theme
75
4
Coercive Federalism: Preemptions and Mandates
79
2
Devolution: Can Federalism Be Revived?
81
2
Interstate Relations---Horizontal Federalism
83
5
Participation in State Politics
88
36
The Nature of Political Participation
89
1
Explaining Voter Turnout
89
3
Voting in the States
92
5
Securing the Right to Vote
97
2
Eighteen-Year-Old Voting
99
1
Minorities in State Politics
100
4
Women in State Politics
104
1
Young and Old in State Politics
105
1
Interest Groups in State Politics
106
4
Functions and Tactics of Interest Groups
110
3
Comparing Interest Group Power in the States
113
4
Protest as Political Participation
117
7
Parties and Campaigns in The States
124
32
American Political Parties in Disarray
125
2
Parties and Primaries
127
5
State Party Organizations and Activists
132
4
Republican and Democratic Party Fortunes in the States
136
2
Party Competition in the States
138
3
The Policy Effects of Party Competition
141
2
Professional Media Campagins
143
4
Money in State Politics
147
9
Legislators in State Politics
156
43
Functions of State Legislatures
157
1
The Making of a State Legislator
158
3
Minorities and Women in State Legislatures
161
4
Getting to the State Capitol
165
2
The Great Incumbency Machine
167
1
The Unpopularity of State Legislatures
168
2
Legislative Apportionment and Districting
170
5
Legislative Organization and Procedure
175
4
Legislative Committees
179
3
Legislative Institutionalization
182
4
Leadership and Role-Playing in Legislatures
186
2
Party Politics in State Legislatures
188
3
Are Legislators Responsible Policy Makers
191
2
Lobbying in State Legislatures
193
6
Governors in State Politics
199
28
The Many Roles of a Governor
200
2
The Making of a Governor
202
2
Gubernatorial Politics
204
4
Executive Power in State Government
208
6
The Governor's Legislative Powers
214
3
Divided Government: Governor versus the Legislature
217
2
Impeachments and Investigations
219
1
The Governor as Political Leader
220
3
Other Executive Offices
223
4
Bureaucratic Politics in States and Communities
227
31
Government and Bureaucracy
228
1
Sources of Bureaucratic Power
228
2
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power
230
1
State Bureaucracies
230
4
Bureaucracy, Democracy and Responsiveness
234
6
The Power of Public Employee Unions
240
3
Reform, Privatization, and ``Reinventing Government''
243
5
The Budgetary Process
248
3
The Politics of Budgeting
251
7
Courts, Crime, and Correctional Policy
258
38
Politics and the Judicial Process
259
1
The Lawyering of America
260
2
The New Judicial Federalism
262
2
The Structure of Court Systems
264
2
The Making of a Judge
266
3
Judicial Decision Making
269
2
Crime in the States
271
3
The War on Drugs
274
4
Federalism and Law Enforcement
278
1
Police Protection in the States
279
1
Police and Law Enforcement
280
3
The Politics of Prosecution
283
2
State Prisons and Correctional Policies
285
4
The Death Penalty
289
7
Community Political Systems
296
29
Communities as Settings for Politics
297
2
Eighty-Six Thousand Governments
299
1
County Governments: Rural and Urban
300
8
Cities as ``Municipal Corporations''
308
3
Forms of City Government
311
4
Types of Cities and Forms of Government
315
2
Nonpartisan Elections
317
3
At-Large and District Elections
320
5
Participation in Community Politics
325
35
Citizen Participation
326
3
Parties in Big-City Politics
329
1
Old-Style Machine Politics
330
1
Reformers and Do-Gooders
331
7
The Recruitment of City Council Members
338
4
Council Members: Responsible Policy Makers?
342
2
City Managers in Municipal Politics
344
3
Mayors in City Politics
347
2
Minorities and Women in Local Politics
349
3
Interest Groups in Community Politics
352
8
Metropolitics: Conflict in the Metropolis
360
28
The Metropolis: Setting for Conflict
361
4
Cities versus Suburbs
365
5
The Concentration of Social Problems in the Inner City
370
2
Suburban ``Sprawl''
372
2
The Case for Metropolitan Consolidation
374
2
The Case for ``Fragmented'' Government
376
1
Metropolitan Government as Marketplace
377
1
Metropolitan Government ``Solutions''
378
3
The Politics of Metropolitan Consolidation
381
7
Community Power and Land Use Control
388
35
Models of Community Power
389
3
Elitism in America Communities
392
3
Economic Power in Communities
395
2
Political Power in Communities
397
3
Planning and Zoning: Instruments of Government Control
400
5
Planning Practices
405
1
No-Growth Politics
406
2
Housing and Community Development Policy
408
4
Transportation Policy
412
11
Politics and Civil Rights
423
33
From Protest to Power
424
1
The Struggle Against Segregation
425
2
State Resistance to Desegregation
427
2
Busing and Racial Balancing in Schools
429
2
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
431
3
Affirmative Action Battles
434
6
Hispanic Power
440
3
Native Americans and Tribal Government
443
3
Americans with Disabilities
446
1
Gender Equality
447
2
Battles over Abortion
449
7
The Politics of Education
456
32
Goals in Educational Policy
457
1
Educational Performance Measurement
458
2
Educational Reform
460
4
``Reinventing'' Education
464
3
The Limited Federal Role in Education
467
2
Organizing Public Education in the States
469
2
Battles over School Finances
471
2
Governing Local Schools
473
1
The School District Superintendents
474
1
School Boards: Responsible Policy Makers?
475
2
The Politics of Higher Education
477
4
Reading, Writing, and Religion
481
7
The Politics of Poverty, Welfare, and Health
488
18
Poverty in America
489
1
Who Are the Poor?
490
3
Inequality in America
493
1
An Overview of Welfare Policy
494
2
Moving Toward Welfare Reform
496
2
Health Care Policy
498
3
Politics and Health Care Reform
501
5
The Politics of Financing and Taxation
506
21
An Overview of Government Finances
507
1
Types of Taxes and Tax Politics
507
5
Explaining State Tax Systems
512
2
Revolting Against Taxes
514
2
Explaining Tax Revolts
516
1
City Fiscal Stress and Cutback Management
517
3
When Ends Don't Meet: State and Local Debt
520
2
When a City Goes Bust
522
5
Photo Credits
527
2
Index
529