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Tables of Contents for Clinician's Guide to Cultural Psychiatry
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xiii
About the Author
xvii
Culture, Behavior, and Pathology
What Is Cultural Psychiatry?
1
3
Cultural Psychiatry: Definition and Scope
1
2
Culturally Competent Psychiatric Practice
3
1
How Does Culture Impact Mind and Behavior?
4
42
What Is Culture?
4
9
Marriage and the Family
13
7
Child Development and Enculturation
20
8
Personality and Ethnic Identity
28
8
Customs, Beliefs, and Rituals
36
4
Adulthood, Aging, and Death
40
6
How Does Culture Relate to Pathology?
46
13
Different Ways Culture Contributes to Pathology
47
4
Cultural Impact on Different Groups of Psychopathology
51
2
References
53
6
Culture, Stress, and Illness Reactions
Culture and Stress
59
8
Stress Created by Culturally Formed Anxiety
59
1
Stress Induced by Special Culturally Prescribed Roles and Duties
60
1
Stress Produced by Culturally Demanding Performance
61
2
Stress Imposed by Cultural Limitations on Behavior Expression
63
1
Problems Due to Cultural Regulations of Choice
64
1
Problems That Arise from Sociocultural Discrimination
65
1
Problems Induced by Rapid Cultural Change
65
1
Problems Related to Cultural Uprooting or Destruction
66
1
Culture-Shaped Coping Patterns
67
2
Folk Explanations of Mental Problems
69
5
Supernatural Explanations
70
1
Natural Explanations
71
1
Somato-Medical Explanations
72
1
Psychological Explanations
73
1
Traditional Medicine and Concepts of Disorders
74
5
Chinese Traditional Medicine
74
3
Ayurvedic Medicine
77
1
Galenic-Islamic Medicine
78
1
Illness Behavior: Recognition and Help-Seeking
79
6
Folk and Professional Mental Disorders Recognized
79
1
Distinction between ``Illness'' and ``Disease''
79
3
Sick Role and the Reactions of Others
82
2
Help-Seeking Behavior and Pathways
84
1
Service Utilization and Compliance
85
1
References
85
4
Culture and Psychopathology: Specific Phenomena
Culture--Related Specific Syndromes
89
35
What Are Culture-Related Specific Syndromes?
89
1
Culture-Related Beliefs as Causes of the Occurrence (Pathogenetic Effects)
90
12
Culture-Patterned Specific Coping Reactions (Pathoselective Effect)
102
5
Culture-Shaped Variations of Psychopathology (Psychoplastic Effect)
107
5
Culturally Elaborated Unique Behavior (Psychoelaborating Effect)
112
6
Cultural Influence of Prevalent Occurrence of Disorders (Pathofacilitating Effects)
118
1
Cultural Interpretation of Certain Mental Conditions (Pathoreactive Effect)
119
2
Other Questionable Conditions
121
1
Final Comments
122
2
Epidemic or Collective Mental Disorders
124
20
What Is Epidemic Mental Disorder?
124
1
Some Epidemic Episodes
125
8
Overview: Frequency, Mechanisms, and Dynamic
133
3
References
136
8
Culture and Psychopathology: General Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
144
6
Diagnostic Distribution of Anxiety Disorders
144
3
Cultural Aspects of Various Types of Anxiety Disorders
147
3
Depression Disorders
150
5
Introduction and Clarification
150
2
Variations in Clinical Pictures
152
2
Cultural Contribution to Causes of Depression
154
1
Dissociation, Possession Disorders, and Hysteria
155
8
Introduction and Clarification
155
2
Various Types of Disorders
157
5
Hysteria
162
1
Somatoform Disorders, Including Neurasthenia
163
6
Introduction and Clarification
163
2
Cultural Perspectives of Some Forms of Disorders
165
4
Alcohol-Related Problems
169
8
Factors and Problems Related to Drinking
169
4
Drinking and Problems in Various Societies
173
4
Other Substance Abuse
177
6
Introduction
177
1
Historical Episodes or Unique Situations in Some Societies
178
2
Epidemiological Findings from Various Societies
180
3
Eating Problems
183
6
Introduction and Clarification
183
2
Information from Different Sociocultural Settings
185
3
Integration and Comments
188
1
Suicide Behavior
189
9
Committed Suicide
190
7
Suicide Attempts
197
1
Clinical Implications
197
1
Personality Disorders
198
3
General Debates about Personality Disorders
198
1
Cultural Influence on Personality Disorders
199
1
Specific Categories of Personality Disorders
199
2
Sexual Disorders
201
3
Ethology and Anthropological View of Sexual Behavior
202
1
Cultural Aspects of Sexual Disorders
202
2
Schizophrenic Disorder
204
15
Concerning Clinical Manifestation
204
1
Regarding Causative Social Variables
205
1
Studying Frequency of Disorder
206
1
Examining Clinical Prognosis
207
2
References
209
10
Culturally Competent Clinical Assessment
The Need for Cultural Competence
219
6
Sharpening of Cultural Sensitivity
220
1
Acquiring Cultural Knowledge
221
1
Enhancement of Cultural Empathy
221
1
Adjustment of Culturally Relevant Relations and Interactions
222
1
Establishment of Ability for Cultural Guidance
223
2
Culturally Relevant Assessment and Diagnosis
225
21
Therapist-Patient Relations
226
2
Interview and Communication
228
4
Assessment and Diagnosis
232
14
Culturally Adjusted Psychological Measurement
246
14
Basic Considerations: Methodological Issues
247
3
Instruments and Cross-Cultural Applications
250
4
Possible Resolution for Transcultural Application
254
1
References
255
5
Culturally Competent Clinical Care
Inpatient Psychiatric Care
260
4
General Concerns
260
1
Special Issues
261
3
Outpatient Psychiatric Care
264
3
Overall Issues
264
1
Special Matters
265
2
Psychiatric Emergency Service
267
2
General Problems
267
1
Special Challenge
268
1
Consultation-Liaison Service
269
8
Medical Issues That Need to Be Dealt with
269
4
Culturally Stigmatized Medical Diseases
273
1
Sex-Related Medical Conditions or Issues
274
1
Culturally and Ethically Controversial Medical Practices
275
1
Key Areas for Clinical Attention
276
1
Psychiatric Nursing Care
277
3
General Issues
277
1
Special Issues Relating to Nursing Care
278
2
Mental Health Social Work
280
3
Common Issues
280
1
Special Functions and Services
281
2
Forensic Psychiatric Service
283
8
General Issues
283
1
Cultural Issues
284
1
Clinical Matters
285
1
Comments and Suggestions
286
1
References
287
4
Culturally Competent Psychotherapy
Intercultural Psychotherapy: Challenges and Competence
291
18
Orientation to Psychotherapy
292
2
Communication in Therapy
294
5
The Art of Using an Interpreter
299
3
Therapist-Patient Relationship
302
3
Assessment and Understanding of Problems
305
1
Interpretation and Giving Advice
306
1
Goals of Psychotherapy
307
2
Cultural Adjustments of Psychotherapy
309
2
Cultural Considerations in Various Modes of Therapy
311
6
Individual Psychotherapy
311
2
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
313
4
Cultural Application and Supervision of Psychotherapy
317
8
Various Situations in Which Culture Plays a Role in Clinical Cases
318
4
Various Circumstances That Warrant Attention to Cultural Matters
322
2
Transcultural Supervision in Psychotherapy
324
1
Comparison of Folk, Unique, and Common Therapies
325
18
Culture-Embedded Indigenous Healing Practices
325
5
Culture-Influenced Unique Psychotherapies
330
4
Culture-Related Common Psychotherapies
334
2
Comparison and Synthesis
336
1
Integration: Cultural Implications of Psychotherapy
337
1
References
338
5
Ethnicity, Culture, and Drug Therapy
What Do We Know about Ethnicity and Psychopharmacology?
343
4
Basic Concepts: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
344
1
Genetic-Related Factors
344
2
Nongenetic Biological Factors
346
1
How Does Culture Affect Giving and Taking Medication?
347
6
Medicine Taking as a Part of Illness Behavior
347
1
Medicine and Mode of Administration
348
1
Meaning of Medication
349
2
References
351
2
Culture and Therapy with Special Subgroups
Children
353
12
Cultural Aspects of Development and Psychology
353
1
Culture-Related Special Issues
354
4
Some Mental Health Problems
358
5
Therapeutic Considerations
363
2
Adolescents
365
9
Psychological Development
365
1
Common Psychological Challenges
365
1
Unique Psychological Problems
366
2
Some Mental Disorders Commonly Related to Adolescents
368
1
Fundamental Therapeutic Considerations
369
1
Common Issues to Be Addressed in Therapy
370
2
Some Groups Needing Special Attention
372
2
Aged Persons
374
8
Psychological Problems Encountered
374
3
Psychotherapy for the Elderly
377
5
Women
382
7
General Issues: Cultural Discrimination against Women
382
1
Common Mental Health Problems Relating to Women
383
1
General Psychiatric Problems: Trends for Women
384
2
Some Attention Needed for Therapy
386
2
Special Considerations for Particular Services
388
1
Couples
389
13
Culture and Marital Problems
389
5
Intercultural Marriage
394
3
Cultural Considerations in Working with Couples
397
5
Families
402
12
Formulations of Family and Psychopathology
402
1
Culture-Related Family Problems: Common Issues
403
1
Special Family Problems: Some Examples
404
2
Cultural Considerations of Family Therapy
406
2
References
408
6
Culture-Oriented Care of Different Ethnic Groups
African-American Groups
414
5
General Issues
414
2
Mental-Health-Related Problems
416
3
Therapeutic Considerations and Clinical Suggestions
419
1
Asian-American Groups
419
5
General Issues
419
3
Mental-Health-Related Problems
422
1
Therapeutic Considerations and Clinical Suggestions
423
1
European--American Groups
424
5
General Issues
424
2
Mental-Health-Related Problems
426
1
Therapeutic Considerations and Clinical Suggestions
427
2
Hispanic--American Groups
429
4
General Issues
429
1
Mental-Health-Related Problems
430
2
Therapeutic Considerations and Clinical Suggestions
432
1
Native-American Groups
433
13
General Issues
433
2
Mental-Health-Related Problems
435
2
Therapeutic Considerations and Clinical Suggestions
437
4
References
441
5
Some Social Phenomena and Therapeutic Considerations
Sociocultural Change, Migration, and Refuge
446
8
Cultural Change
446
2
Migration
448
3
Refugees
451
3
Minorities
454
8
Race or Ethnicity
455
1
Gender
456
1
Sexual Orientation
457
1
Physical Condition
457
1
Young and Old Age
458
1
Social Discrimination
458
3
Therapeutic Implications
461
1
Group Violence and Collective Homicide
462
4
Various Phenomena
462
3
Ethnic or Racial Conflict as the Cause
465
1
Religion
466
21
Major Religions
467
5
Other Religions or Movements in America
472
2
Religion and Psychopathology
474
2
Religion, Mental Health, and Therapy
476
6
References
482
5
Subject Index
487